Critical Infrastructures (CIs), such as power, transportation, healthcare, etc., refer to systems, facilities, technologies, and networks vital to national security, public health, and socio-economic well-being of people. CIs play a crucial role in emergency management. For example, the recent Hurricane Ida, Texas Winter storm, colonial cyber-attack that occurred during 2021 in the US, shows the CIs are highly inter-dependent with complex interactions. Hence power system failures and shutdown of natural gas pipelines, in turn, led to debilitating impacts on communication, waste systems, public health, etc. Consider power failures during a disaster, such as a hurricane. Subject Matter Experts (SMEs) such as emergency management authorities may be interested in several decision-making tasks. Can we identify disaster phases in terms of the severity of damage from analyzing changes in power failures? Can we tell the SMEs which power grids or regions are the most affected during each disaster phase and need immediate action to recover? Answering these questions can help SMEs to respond quickly and send resources for fast recovery from damage. Can we systematically provide how the failure of different power grids may impact the whole CIs due to inter-dependencies? This can help SMEs to better prepare and mitigate the risks by improving system resiliency. In this thesis, we explore problems to efficiently operate decision-making tasks during a disaster for emergency management authorities. Our research has two primary directions, guide decision-making in resource allocation and plans to improve system resiliency. Our work is done in collaboration with the Oak Ridge National Laboratory to contribute impactful research in real-life CIs and disaster power failure data. 1. Explainable resource allocation: In contrast to the current interpretable or explainable model that provides answers to understand a model output, we view explanations as answers to guide resource allocation decision-making. In this thesis, we focus on developing a novel model and algorithm to identify disaster phases from changes in power failures. Also, pinpoint the regions which can get most affected at each disaster phase so the SMEs can send resources for fast recovery. 2. Networks for improving system resiliency: We view CIs as a large heterogeneous network with nodes as infrastructure components and dependencies as edges. Our goal is to construct a visual analytic tool and develop a domain-inspired model to identify the important components and connections to which the SMEs need to focus and better prepare to mitigate the risk of a disaster. / Doctor of Philosophy / Critical Infrastructure Systems (CIs) entitle multiple infrastructures valuable for maintaining public life and national security, e.g., power, water, transportation. US Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) aims to protect the nation and citizens by mitigating all hazards during natural or man-made disasters. For this, they aim to adopt different decision-making strategies efficiently. E.g., During an ongoing disaster, when to quickly send resources, which regions to send resources first, etc. Besides, they also need to plan how to prepare for a future disaster and which CIs need maintenance to improve system resiliency. We explore several data-mining problems which can guide FEMA towards developing efficient decision-making strategies. Our thesis emphasizes explainable and network-based models and algorithms to help decision-making operations for emergency management experts by leveraging critical infrastructures data.

Orientador: Lúcia Helena de Oliveira Gerardi / Banca: Ariovaldo Umbelino de Oliveira / Banca: Antonio Nivaldo Hespanhol / Banca: Juergen Richard Langenbuch / Banca: Paulo Roberto Teixeira Godoy / Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar a produção do espaço urbano em Jales e os principais agentes produtores. Para compreender essa produção, analisou-se a constituição das frentes de expansão e pioneira na apropriação da terra no Noroeste paulista. A apropriação ocorreu de forma ilícita por meio da grilagem de terras nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A partir do final da primeira metade desse século, foram fundadas cidades para incrementar projetos imobiliários com objetivos de fragmentar a terra em pequenas propriedades. Esse processo contribuiu para a desconcentração fundiária no extremo Noroeste, com predomínio de pequenos estabelecimentos rurais de base familiar e com diversificação agrícola. Os projetos imobiliários compuseram a gênese da rede urbana formada, na maioria, por cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes. Jales foi a primeira cidade fundada na região e tornou-se o centro dessa rede urbana, pois concentra atividades comerciais e os serviços de maior complexidade regional. A drenagem de renda regional, principalmente fundiária, contribuiu e contribui para a produção do espaço urbano em Jales, principalmente através dos empreendimentos imobiliários destinados a residências e prédios comerciais e de serviços. A produção do espaço urbano em Jales é determinada por dois agentes principais: o poder público e os herdeiros do fundador Euphly Jalles. As relações desses dois agentes são pautadas pelos princípios do poder local, apresentando-se momentos de aproximação e outros de conflitos. Mas o propósito elementar dos Jalles é a extração da renda da terra por meio de suas modalidades (absoluta, diferencial e de monopólio) por possuírem terras sob seus domínios nos arredores da cidade, promovendo empreendimentos imobiliários e apropriando-se de ganhos imobiliários extraordinários através de contratos de enfiteuse. / Abstract: This thesis is mainly aimed to analyze the urban space production in Jales and the main producing agents. To understand this production, the constitution of front and pioneering expansion was analyzed in the appropriation of the land in the São Paulo Northwest. The appropriation happened illegally through the illegal land occupancy during the first decades of the 20th century. From the end of the first half of this century, cities had been established to develop real estate projects with objectives to break up the land in small properties. This process contributed for the land distribution in the extreme Northwest, with predominance of small agricultural establishments of familiar base and with agricultural diversification. The real estate projects had composed the genesis of the formed urban net mainly by cities with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Jales was the first city established in the region and it became the center of this urban net, as it concentrates commercial activities and the services with the biggest regional complexity. The draining of regional income, mainly agrarian, contributed and contributes for the production of the urban space in Jales, mainly through the residential, commercial and services building real estate enterprises. The production of the urban space in Jales is determined by two main agents: the public power and the heirs of the founder Euphly Jalles. The relations of these two agents are ruled by the principles of the local power, facing moments of approach and others of conflicts. But the elementary purpose of the Jalles is the extraction of the income of the land by means of its modalities (absolute, differential and of monopoly) for possessing lands under its domains in the surroundings of the city, promoting real estate enterprises and assuming themselves of extraordinary real estate profits through emphyteusis contracts. / Doutor

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:33:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-10-15Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:04:04Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 nardoque_s_dr_rcla.pdf: 5922884 bytes, checksum: fb6cdd9e744742ea7d69155dda3950c0 (MD5) / Esta tese tem como objetivo principal analisar a produção do espaço urbano em Jales e os principais agentes produtores. Para compreender essa produção, analisou-se a constituição das frentes de expansão e pioneira na apropriação da terra no Noroeste paulista. A apropriação ocorreu de forma ilícita por meio da grilagem de terras nas primeiras décadas do século XX. A partir do final da primeira metade desse século, foram fundadas cidades para incrementar projetos imobiliários com objetivos de fragmentar a terra em pequenas propriedades. Esse processo contribuiu para a desconcentração fundiária no extremo Noroeste, com predomínio de pequenos estabelecimentos rurais de base familiar e com diversificação agrícola. Os projetos imobiliários compuseram a gênese da rede urbana formada, na maioria, por cidades com menos de 10 mil habitantes. Jales foi a primeira cidade fundada na região e tornou-se o centro dessa rede urbana, pois concentra atividades comerciais e os serviços de maior complexidade regional. A drenagem de renda regional, principalmente fundiária, contribuiu e contribui para a produção do espaço urbano em Jales, principalmente através dos empreendimentos imobiliários destinados a residências e prédios comerciais e de serviços. A produção do espaço urbano em Jales é determinada por dois agentes principais: o poder público e os herdeiros do fundador Euphly Jalles. As relações desses dois agentes são pautadas pelos princípios do poder local, apresentando-se momentos de aproximação e outros de conflitos. Mas o propósito elementar dos Jalles é a extração da renda da terra por meio de suas modalidades (absoluta, diferencial e de monopólio) por possuírem terras sob seus domínios nos arredores da cidade, promovendo empreendimentos imobiliários e apropriando-se de ganhos imobiliários extraordinários através de contratos de enfiteuse. / This thesis is mainly aimed to analyze the urban space production in Jales and the main producing agents. To understand this production, the constitution of front and pioneering expansion was analyzed in the appropriation of the land in the São Paulo Northwest. The appropriation happened illegally through the illegal land occupancy during the first decades of the 20th century. From the end of the first half of this century, cities had been established to develop real estate projects with objectives to break up the land in small properties. This process contributed for the land distribution in the extreme Northwest, with predominance of small agricultural establishments of familiar base and with agricultural diversification. The real estate projects had composed the genesis of the formed urban net mainly by cities with less than 10 thousand inhabitants. Jales was the first city established in the region and it became the center of this urban net, as it concentrates commercial activities and the services with the biggest regional complexity. The draining of regional income, mainly agrarian, contributed and contributes for the production of the urban space in Jales, mainly through the residential, commercial and services building real estate enterprises. The production of the urban space in Jales is determined by two main agents: the public power and the heirs of the founder Euphly Jalles. The relations of these two agents are ruled by the principles of the local power, facing moments of approach and others of conflicts. But the elementary purpose of the Jalles is the extraction of the income of the land by means of its modalities (absolute, differential and of monopoly) for possessing lands under its domains in the surroundings of the city, promoting real estate enterprises and assuming themselves of extraordinary real estate profits through emphyteusis contracts.