Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1970. / Typescript. Vita. eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

In Libya, rural-urban migration and rapid population growth were intensified by the discovery of oil and brought the polarization by the big cities. This polarization has become a major issue of problems within the urban spatial planning, particularly in the case of Tripoli and Benghazi. In order to resolve these, the Libyan government had since attempted various efforts to alleviate these urban pressures through both indirect national policies and explicit spatial development strategies. The aim of the study is therefore to produce a critical evaluation of Libyan spatial policies by the government between 1970s and 2006 and to offer insights into how Libya could benefit from a balanced urban system. Both secondary and primary data were explored. This research has identified some merits of a number of spatial policies by the government as well as some major issues and weaknesses of these polices. Although government policies did have some effects in reducing the polarization by the two large cities, the issue of over dominance and the consequent urban problems still largely remained the same.

The thesis examines African urbanisation in Dar es Salaam in the British colonial period and the official response to this phenomenon. It is divided into three parts. In Part One colonial urban policy is discussed. British officials initially showed a marked antipathy towards African urbanisation. The true home of the African was considered to be in the rural areas where his tribal society not only catered for his social and economic needs but also provided a medium through which he could conveniently be administered. Beginning in the 1940s there was a revision of colonial policy. The inevitable growth of permanent African urban communities was acknowledged. An attempt was made to nurture a 'respectable' class of urban African. At the same time, however, antipathy towards urbanisation persisted. Officials continued to display concern about the deleterious effects of the urban environment on the 'upcountry native', and in particular the growing problem of unemployment. Part Two is concerned with crime in Dar es Salaam. The most immediate aspect which informed official antipathy to African urbanisation was its role in the spread of criminality. Anxiety over the presence of growing numbers of Africans in the capital, many of whom had no regular formal employment, was closely associated with the problem of urban lawlessness, which grew ever more serious as the years passed. This lawlessness was in part a product of strict colonial legislation which criminalised both customary and informal economic activities. In the final part of the thesis, attempts to control urban growth are examined. Throughout the colonial period Tanganyikan officials argued for the introduction of a pass system to stem the rural-urban flow. Political considerations ruled it out, however. Faced with a burgeoning urban population and limited resources with which to administer it, colonial officials increasingly resorted to the expulsion of Africans from the town back to their rural 'homes'.

Drawing from general systems theory and based Forrester's generalized Urban Dynamics Model developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, the consequences of ten city development policies in Nashville, Tennessee are examined with recommendations for a "best" set of policies. The policies examined include changes in housing density, changes in the supply of housing for various income groups, changes in tax policies, creation of new enterprise, job training programs, low income job programs and the impact on the city of financial aid from the state or Federal government. The "best" set of policies that provide the most sustaining environment for balanced growth are the demolition of slum housing, the promotion of new enterprise construction and a ten percent increase in housing density over a thirty year period. The methodology used to examine the consequences of policies is through a nonlinear, computerized, dynamic feedback model, with the parameters custom tailored to represent Nashville. The model is written in a user oriented computer language called DYNAMO. Use of the model permits the evaluation of urban policies to determine their long range impact on housing, business, population, the tax base, and employment. / Master of Architecture

published_or_final_version / Urban Studies / Master / Master of Social Sciences

So Man Shan. / Thesis submitted in: August 2003. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 176-187). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii / ABSTRACT --- p.iii / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.vi / LIST OF TABLES --- p.ix / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.x / Chapter CHAPTER 1 --- INTRODUCTION / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of the Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Objectives of the Study --- p.5 / Chapter 1.3 --- Significance of the Study --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Scope of the Study --- p.6 / Chapter 1.5 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.7 / Chapter CHAPTER 2 --- CONCEPT OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS / Chapter 2.1 --- Competitiveness: An Evolving Concept --- p.8 / Chapter 2.2 --- Review of Research on Urban Competitiveness --- p.10 / Chapter CHAPTER 3 --- URBANIZATION AND URBAN TRANSFORMATION IN POST REFORM CHINA / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 3.2 --- Chinese Urban System --- p.22 / Chapter 3.3 --- Hukou System --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Urbanization Process and Patterns in Post-reform China --- p.27 / Chapter 3.5 --- Urban Transformation in Post-reform China --- p.30 / Chapter CHAPTER 4 --- METHODS TO MEASURE URBAN COMPETITIVENESS / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.36 / Chapter 4.2 --- System of Indicators --- p.36 / Chapter 4.3 --- Weighting Methods --- p.53 / Chapter 4.4 --- Comparison and Selection of Weighting Methods --- p.60 / Chapter 4.5 --- Statistical Data --- p.64 / Chapter 4.6 --- Procedures to Compute Urban Competitiveness Index --- p.67 / Chapter CHAPTER 5 --- ANALYSIS OF URBAN COMPETITIVENESS / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.73 / Chapter 5.2 --- Economic Competitiveness --- p.74 / Chapter 5.3 --- Social Competitiveness --- p.85 / Chapter 5.4 --- Environmental Competitiveness --- p.98 / Chapter 5.5 --- Urban Competitiveness --- p.105 / Chapter 5.6 --- Comparing Single Indicators with Urban Competitiveness --- p.114 / Chapter CHAPTER 6 --- CONCLUSION / Chapter 6.1 --- Major Points and Findings --- p.119 / Chapter 6.2 --- Limitations --- p.127 / Chapter 6.3 --- Suggestion for Further Research --- p.129 / APPENDIX A --- p.130 / APPENDIX B --- p.136 / APPENDIX C --- p.144 / APPENDIX D --- p.152 / APPENDIX E --- p.160 / APPENDIX F --- p.168 / REFERENCES --- p.176

In less than two decades since the notion of sustainable development has become firmly established in policy and academic domains, the debate within the field of sustainable development has shifted from the issue of definition to one of measurement. From the national to local levels, considerable efforts have been embarked in China to develop appropriate sustainability assessment measures (SAMs). The studies of SAM at the municipal level in China are particularly booming due to the diversity of Chinese cities both in terms of size and function. In spite of the value in generating creative thinking, the overlapping and redundancy in efforts of devising SAMs, partly because of the inapplicability of the devised SAMs, have undermined the usefulness of SAMs to guide policy-making and foster behavioral changes toward sustainable development. Many Chinese academic researchers and professionals have indicated these problems but primarily focused on methodological and technical aspects. This research attempts to address the radical issues embedded in the whole scheme of sustainability assessment with the objective of improving the applicability and effectiveness of SAMs for Chinese cities. Based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative investigations, this research identifies the major problems facing with the development and application of SAM for Chinese cities and the influential factors and proposes an implementation scheme for better appraisal of sustainability of Chinese cities. / The study has revealed a number of key findings. First, the evolvement of the SAMs for Chinese cities, typically characterized by increasing complexity and number of participants, was closely related to the evolvement of people's understanding of, and aspiration for, sustainable development. Second, of the problems identified by the sustainability assessment practitioners, the most crucial ones for SAM development and application respectively, are the unavailability of required data and incomprehensiveness of sustainable development dimensions. Third, the key factors that influence the applicability and effectiveness of SAMs for Chinese cities include difference between SAM developers and users in their understanding of the objectives and criteria of sustainability assessment; the context of the city subject to assessment, the process of decision-making in Chinese municipal governments and various methodological issues, etc. / With the above findings, this research concludes that sustainability assessment is an issue-driven, context-specified and decision-making-tailored task which demands the collaborative efforts of government users, data providers and SAM developers. The implementation scheme of sustainability assessment should preferably go through five phases: preparation for sustainability assessment, establishment of SAM, calculation of SAM results, application of SAM results and lastly the evaluation and improvement of SAM. Of the above, the first, the fourth and the last phases are of particular significances for Chinese cities. The research also highlights issues related to the evaluation of the applicability and effectiveness of SAM through an analysis of the ecological footprint and human development index of five cities in China including Beijing, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Taiyuan and Guilin. The perspectives and insights derived from these case studies have shed some light on the future development and application of similar SAMs for other Chinese cities. / Lu, Jia. / "May 2007." / Adviser: K. C. Lam. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-01, Section: A, page: 0333. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 210-229). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2004. / Advisor: Dr. Janet E. Kodras, Florida State University, College of Social Sciences, Department of Geography. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed June 16, 2004). Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M. Soc. Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984.

Thesis (M.Soc.Sc.)--University of Hong Kong, 1984. / Also available in print.