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Thesis (M.Inst.Agrar.)(Agricultural Economics)--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Includes summary. Includes bibliographical references. Available on the Internet via the World Wide Web.

Academisch Proefschrift--Universiteit van Amsterdam, 2007. / Publication of book was made possible by a grant from WOTRO (Science for Global Development) of the NWO (Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research) and AMIDSt (Amsterdam Institute for Metropolitan and International Development Studies, University of Amsterdam. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (p. 279-298).

The general focus of the study is a shanty town (población) on the outskirts of Santiago in Chile during the military regime of Augusto Pinochet. The military coup of 11th September 1973 was the beginning of seventeen years of repression and violence. The specific focus of the research is the development of resistance against Pinochet amongst the people (pobladores) of that shanty town. The research is based on a six year period in the población where the candidate, being also a Catholic priest, had unique access through his role to the social and cultural life of the people. The implications of this role in terms of retrospective anthropology are examined in detail. The experience is studied in terms of the developments of attitudes and behaviour within a particular group especially in their movement from tentative protest and the creative use of ambiguity, to the use of barricades as the focus for direct confrontation with the authorities. The passing beyond the barricade is explored in terms of the expansion of the people's capacity to develop political agency. The thesis is a case study of Liberation Theology and its role in the development of resistance to the military regime. The street becomes a central focus as space of protest. A comparison is made between the private space of the house as refuge and the public space of the street as place of conflict and danger. It is suggested that the barricade may be understood as a dynamic boundary being partly constituted by the bodies of the protesters themselves. It is also didactic, insofar as the re-appropriation of physical space - the streets, the bridge upon which the key barricade is built, and by extension the entire población, parallel the occupation of the internal space in the minds of the protesters. The transformations of meaning being etched into the 'landscape' were being correspondingly etched into the 'inscapes' of the imagination. If space can be taken as analogous to language and the movement of bodies through the población understood, therefore, as an articulation of an alternative discourse, then the boundary/barricade can be seen as the focus for such a counter-discourse against the attempt by Pinochet to militarise civilian life. Liberation theology and the Basic Christian Community are explored in terms of the development of the potential of resistance to the military regime. It is suggested that these functioned by legitimating new public discourses, promoting new styles of leadership and empowering individuals and organisations. Here politics becomes part of the road to 'salvation' and religion becomes politics by other means. Finally the question of popular education is addressed in the context of an invasion of the University by the pobladores. A project of popular education is explored in its attempt to go beyond the question of protest against the Regime to addressing how political power is operated through appropriation of discourse. Power and knowledge are intricately intertwined. The focus moves to consider political violence as being exercised not just in military might but also through institutional structures. The conclusion recapitulates the main themes in the context of wider aspects of anthropology.

La pobreza urbana es uno de los factores de la ciudad de Buenos Aires más complejos para estudiar. A menudo desestimada meramente como epifenómeno del desarrollo desigual del capitalismo, la pobreza urbana ha jugado, por el contrario, un rol clave en la conformación tanto del paisaje físico como del discurso cultural argentino a lo largo del siglo XX. La definición de la pobreza es quizás el principal problema para quien se enfrenta a su estudio. Existen, por un lado, aproximaciones desde la sociología, la economía y la teoría política. Pero, por otro, también hay una percepción cultural, influenciada por prejuicios, estereotipos, figuras y sentidos. Como imagen y relato, la pobreza tiene mucho peso en moldear nuestra comprensión de la ciudad. Esto es especialmente fuerte en el caso de la ciudad de Buenos Aires. Visiones de Buenos Aires encara esta cuestión, centrándose en las maneras en que los estratos más bajos de las clases populares —cirujas, inmigrantes, villeros y cartoneros— han sido integrados en diferentes prácticas artísticas, desde la literatura hasta el cine, la fotografía y las artes plásticas. Al analizar de cerca varias fuentes primarias, esta tesis examina las imágenes de la pobreza como un elemento de la ciudad en que se descubren las tensiones que afianzan la modernización urbana. Aunque numerosos estudios críticos sobre las ciudades latinoamericanas han reconocido la importancia del planeamiento urbano para analizar la historia cultural, esta investigación contribuye a esta discusión al volver a imaginar el peso cultural de la pobreza para comprender el imaginario de Buenos Aires y su desarrollo. Visiones de Buenos Aires cuestiona las interpretaciones generalmente jerárquicas del planeamiento urbano, señalando, en línea con los trabajos de Henri Lefebvre, Paola Berenstein Jacques y Nestor García Canclini, la necesidad de confrontar los planes oficiales de transformación urbana con las formas en que la cultura y el arte recogieron la presencia de la pobreza en la ciudad. Esta tesis examina la historia de la Buenos Aires del siglo XX a través de la descripción detallada de cuatro momentos fundamentales de su construcción material. En el primer capítulo describo la representación de los conventillos y el asentamiento informal del Barrio de las Ranas en los diarios de viaje de Enrique Gómez Carrillo y Jules Huret y en las fotografías de Harry Olds. Al considerar este corpus en el contexto del modelo que el Estado proyecta para la Buenos Aires asociada con el Centenario de 1910, demuestro cómo la representación de la pobreza y el planeamiento urbano estaban relacionados: ambos conformaron una manera particular de ver la ciudad como una escenografía. En el siguiente capítulo examino los modos en que el pueblo aparece en el cine de los años cincuenta. En específico contrasto estos retratos cinematográficos con el modelo urbano peronista dirigido a rediseñar Buenos Aires como ciudad obrera. Aquí planteo que la interpretación cultural de la pobreza y el planeamiento estatal colaboraron en crear una visión mítica de la ciudad. En el tercer capítulo me concentro en los años sesenta para analizar cómo los planes estatales para erradicar la pobreza constituyeron las premisas para fomentar el interés de la cultura en las villas miseria. Artistas distintos como Fernando Birri, Antonio Berni y Bernardo Verbitsky se preocuparon por construir una imagen de estos espacios de pobreza como territorios llenos de vida y objetos frente a la política estatal de vaciamiento. Esta narración termina con el modelo de la ciudad neoliberal que se produce en el enfrentamiento entre los planes de remodelación de Puerto Madero, los proyectos de urbanización de algunas villas miseria y la simultánea comodificación del pobre en la explosión de productos culturales que lo retratan. Al trazar las formas diferentes en que las clases bajas entraron, a través de las representaciones culturales, al imaginario urbano, esta tesis examina la historia, todavía no contada, del rol cambiante que la pobreza y las villas miseria ejercieron en las principales imágenes que se produjeron de la Buenos Aires del siglo XX.

Environmental degradation from problems of the 'Brown Agenda' is an everyday reality in Kenya's rapidly growing urban centres; and it is the low-income majority who are most affected. Deficient water supply and sanitation, inadequate solid waste disposal, and poor drainage are among the foremost problems that characterize informal settlements in which indigent urbanites are compelled to live. Analysis of environmental problems at settlement and household level can provide vital information about the appraisive environmental perceptions and cognitions of inhabitants of informal settlements, as well as their satisfaction with the infrastructural services to which they have access and their housing conditions, in general. Such information is essential to the formulation of apposite strategies for sustainable improvement of environmental conditions in informal settlements. Based largely on a comprehensive review of theoretical perspectives on the urban housing question in the South, international policy responses and experiences with settlement upgrading, this thesis seeks a better understanding of the socioeconomic and physio-environmental dynamics of urban low-income informal settlements and the formulation and implementation of upgrading policies. A comparative analysis of two majengos in Kenya-one of which has been upgraded while the other has not-serves to contextualize the study. The central thesis in the present study is that settlement upgrading is the most rational approach to improving the residential circumstances of the urban poor majority in Kenya. Applying a fundamentally liberal approach, the development of pragmatic opportunities is discussed, and pursuable policies and programmes, which are realistic and implementable, for effective environmental planning and management of urban low-income informal settlements in Kenya are proposed.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Also available in print.

Research paper (M.A.) -- Cardinal Stritch College -- Milwaukee, 1971. / A research paper submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Education (Reading Specialist). Includes bibliographical references (p. 54-57).

Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2009. / Title from file title page. Holley Wilkin, committee chair; Jeff Bennett, Jaye Atkinson, committee members. Description based on contents viewed July 22, 2009. Includes bibliographical references (p. 93-97).

Thesis (doctoral)--Universitas Upsaliensis, 2003.