La prévention de la malveillance par l’urbanisme et la construction permet de prendre en compte plus spécifiquement le sentiment d’insécurité et participe ainsi du confort des usagers de l’espace public. Au-delà, c’est la qualité de l’espace public et sa durabilité qui sont ainsi prises en compte. Aujourd’hui, avec le développement des éco-quartiers et la mise en place de différences démarches de qualité environnementale, il apparaît particulièrement nécessaire de prendre en compte la malveillance à travers ces démarches afin d’optimiser la qualité des espaces publics. Ainsi le sujet de la thèse est-il d’intégrer la prévention de la malveillance aux démarches de qualité environnementale de l’espace public. La prévention de la malveillance et l’aménagement durable ont des origines différentes : l’une est issue de la prévention de l’insécurité et l’autre du développement durable. Cependant, ces derniers ont un terrain d’actions commun : la ville. Nous avons développé une méthodologie qui articule la prévention de la malveillance et l’aménagement durable dans le cadre d’un projet urbain, en nous appuyant sur différentes démarches et approches environnementales, ainsi que sur des Études de Sûreté et de Sécurité Publiques (ESSP). / Crime prevention through urban design and planning includes specifically the feeling of safety and contributes to the users’ comfort in public spaces. Beyond, the quality of life in public spaces and sustainability are taken into account in crime prevention. Today, in a perspective of sustainability and green approach, this research shows that it is necessary to considerer crime prevention combined with a sustainable approach for public spaces. Crime prevention and sustainable design have different origins : one is based on criminology applied to urban design and the other is based on sustainability. However, they both work on the same case study : the city. We have developed a specific methodology which gathers crime prevention and a sustainable approach for urban design. This methodology therefore mixes different green approaches with the French law on crime prevention to analyse and improve the interventions in the urban areas.

The purpose of this project was to investigate the safety of urban arterial non-access controlled roads in Worcester, Massachusetts. An investigation into the dependent variable proved inconclusive and the historical accident rate was used. The best functional form for these roads was unclear so both linear and log-linear models were developed. A linear model was developed that predicted the total accident crash rate and log-linear model was developed to predict the same thing. A second linear model was developed to predict the total injury accident crash rate. The models were validated using independent data where the linear total accident crash rate model was found to be the most robust of the three in that both state primary roads and other arterial roads could have crash rates predicted to a better than fifty percent error.

The influence of urban design on the safety and security of public spaces has been studied across various disciplines, as the environment shapes human behavior. Feminist theories take this further by asserting that not only do urban elements influence our behavior, but sociocultural characteristics also condition our perception of safety, thus limiting how we use urban spaces. Urban planning is not neutral, and neglecting the needs of the most vulnerable groups in the design process perpetuates societal injustices in the spaces we inhabit. This thesis aims to identify (un)safe areas in Umeå, Sweden, using an intersectional and feminist perspective, incorporating diverse analyses into a GIS workflow. Through a mixed-methods approach that combines GIS analyses with safety perception surveys, the research explores the meanings of urban safety in Sweden's diverse society, assesses concerns overlooked by feminist urban design principles, and examines how Umeå's urban morphology and social context influence perceptions of (un)safety. The findings from surveys and GIS analyses highlight disparities in safety perceptions, influenced by factors such as gender, familiarity with the area, and access to amenities. Significant contrasts are observed between the local population and newcomers, especially regarding definitions of urban safety and prioritized elements. Low-density residential neighbourhoods, lacking everyday facilities and dependent on cars, hinder the development of support networks and accessibility for various groups. In contrast, high-density areas with a wide variety of facilities have greater demographic diversity and better access to support networks. However, safety perceptions in these areas are dichotomous: some feel protected, while others view these urban centers as impersonal and more prone to violence. Incorporating safety perception into urban safety studies is crucial for addressing the real issues of the territory, influenced not only by physical urban design features but also by sociocultural conditions, reputation, or site history. Other factors, such as climate and snow, need further study, as in cold climates like Umeå, they drastically affect urban safety for much of the year. The study underscores the need for integrated urban safety strategies that combine community engagement, inclusive designs, and accurate data analysis to create safer urban environments. Including the population in decision-making for their neighborhoods and raising awareness to create neighborhood identities based on a safe perception is indispensable for developing urban practices with an intersectional perspective.