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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Comparison of Functional Porous Organic Polymers (POPs) and Natural Material Zeolite for Nitrogen Removal and Recovery from Synthetic Urine

Zhang, Yan 19 March 2018 (has links)
Urine comprises around 1% of domestic sewage volume but holds 80% of total nitrogen. Source separation is a sustainable way to wastewater management than traditional way due to low energy cost and preventing certain pollutants into wastewater treatment plants. Currently, removing and recovering nitrogen from source-separated urine has attracted more and more interests. Of them, ion exchange was used for removal and recovery of nitrogen in the form of ammonia from synthetic urine for potential application as a fertilizer in agriculture. No previous research studies were conducted to investigate the removal and recovery of nitrogen from hydrolyzed urine by ion exchange using POPs (porous organic polymers). So this study focused on evaluating the performance of POPs and comparing with clinoptilolite in synthetic hydrolyzed urine in terms of adsorption capacity (isotherm), adsorption rate (kinetics), regeneration rate, and cost. The ammonium removal from hydrolyzed urine using POPs was rapid with a high capacity of 68.03 mg/g than clinoptilolite (15.36 mg/g), and the regeneration efficiency of clinoptilolite and POPs can achieve 91% and 95.3%, respectively based single time use result. Although POPs had the better performance at one time use and multiple times use, it also had high materials cost. Additionally, the capacity of POP was estimated using the integrated ion exchange regeneration process model as 30.24 mg/g and 28.65 mg/g on cycle 10 and cycle 24, respectively. The regeneration efficiency of POPs was predicated as 45.4% and 38.4% in cycle 10 and cycle 24, respectively. The predicted capacity decreased with the number of cycles, but remained at about 55% of virgin POPs after 24 cycles, indicating POPs can maintain good performance after multiple reuses than clinoptilolite.
2

Development of an integrated approach for wastewater treatment plant optimization based on dynamic modelling and environmental assessment / Développement d'une approche intégrée pour l'optimisation des stations d’épuration couplée à la modélisation dynamique et l'évaluation environnementale

Bisinella de faria, Ana barbara 18 October 2016 (has links)
Les stations d’épuration se tournent actuellement vers des installations de récupération d'énergie et des nutriments. Dans le même temps, elles sont soumises à une réglementation de plus en plus stricte en ce qui concerne l'environnement et la santé humaine. Face au défi ambitieux de réduire les coûts d'exploitation et les impacts environnementaux tout en garantissant la robustesse du procédé, il est nécessaire de développer des outils capables de fournir une évaluation intégrée du procédé. L’objectif de ce travail est de développer une plateforme réaliste et prédictive contenant trois aspects: la modélisation rigoureuse et dynamique de l’ensemble de la station d’épuration; l'analyse de cycle de vie aux frontières étendues pour l'évaluation des scénarios et enfin un outil d'optimisation multi-objectif efficace. La plateforme développée pour l'évaluation environnementale couplée à la modélisation dynamique a d'abord été appliquée à plusieurs cas d’étude. Ainsi des résultats de performance et d’impacts environnementaux ont été obtenus pour la séparation de l’urine à la source, la décantation primaire avancée et le traitement de l'urine par nitritation/ oxydation anaérobie de l’ammonium, et d’autres filières. Compte tenu des importants avantages de la séparation de l’urine établis par les résultats précédents, un générateur d’influents phénoménologique, flexible et dynamique a été adapté afin de fournir des données dynamiques réalistes concernant les flux d'urine et des eaux usées dans les différents scénarios de rétention d'urine. Enfin, comme la combinaison complexe de processus biologiques, chimiques et physiques conduit à un problème lourd en calcul, une étude de faisabilité (temps de calcul et fiabilité) a été réalisée sur l'optimisation multi-objectif. L'obtention d'un ensemble de solutions qui évite toute discrimination préalable entre les coûts, l'environnement et les performances ont permis la discussion des enjeux impliqués. Finalement, la plateforme complète a été appliquée à plusieurs cas d’étude et clarifie les aspects opérationnels des options plus durables en matière de gestion et de traitement des eaux usées. / Wastewater treatment plants are moving towards energy and nutrients recovery facilities. Simultaneously, they are submitted to stricter regulation with respect to environment and human health. Facing the great challenge of reducing operational costs along with the reduction of environmental impacts and the guaranty of plants robustness, tools might be developed in order to provide an integrated assessment. The goal of this work is to develop a reliable and predictive framework containing rigorous dynamic wide-plant modelling, extended boundaries life cycle assessment for scenarios evaluation and an efficient multi-objective optimization tool. The developed framework for environmental evaluation coupled to dynamic modelling was initially applied to several case studies including urine source separation, enhanced primary clarification and urine treatment by nitritation/ anaerobic ammonium oxidation, offering both performance results and environmental hotspots. Given the important benefits of the urine source separation provided by the previous results, a flexible and dynamic phenomenological influent generator was adapted in order to provide realistic dynamic data concerning urine and wastewater streams in different urine retention scenarios. Finally, as the complex combination of biological, chemical and physical processes leads to a computational expensive problem, a feasibility study (computational time and reliability) on the multi-objective optimization was conducted. Obtaining a set of solutions that avoids any prior discrimination among costs, environment and performance allowed thus the discussion of the involved trade-offs. Finally, the complete framework was applied to several case studies lightening on operational aspects of more sustainable options on wastewater management and treatment.

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