Segunda es un modelo de negocio innovador que certifica autos usados mediante la revisión completa, rápida y eficiente de un equipo de mecánicos asociados, plasmada en un informe final que garantiza su estado real, actual e integral. Decidimos abordar una problemática nacional detectada: la desconfianza de las personas para realizar transacciones comerciales desde el ámbito de la compra y venta de autos de segunda mano. Antes de iniciar la investigación, realizamos un estudio del entorno en el que interactúan los distintos stakeholders involucrados en esta cadena de valor y ponemos énfasis en aquellas necesidades insatisfechas que brindan oportunidades para el mercado al que apuntamos. Durante esta investigación de mercado validamos la hipótesis de una necesidad insatisfecha previamente detectada. Utilizaremos un plan de marketing integral para tener una estrategia potente de comunicación que nos ayude a transmitir a nuestro cliente el mensaje correcto a través del canal adecuado en el momento y lugar indicado. Bajo la gestión de un equipo multidisciplinar, definiremos líneas estratégicas que nos permitan cerrar alianzas con talleres, que serán capacitados bajo nuestros estándares de calidad y valores de la empresa con el objetivo de brindar a nuestros clientes el mejor servicio posible. Nuestro proceso previo a la certificación es sencillo: basta llenar un formulario en nuestra web para ser parte de Segunda y, posteriormente, recibir toda la información referente al estado del auto antes de comprarlo, evitándose así malas experiencias. / Segunda is an innovative business model that certifies used cars through the quick and complete review of a team of associated mechanics. Through a report, your real, a current and integral status is guaranteed. We begin by detecting a national problem: the distrust of people to carry their commercial transactions. From personal experiences, we decided to address the used-cars sales industry. Before starting the investigation, we conducted a study of the environmental factors that affect us, and we put emphasis on those that give us our strengths and opportunities from the market we aim for. Thanks to a detailed market research, we discovered that an unmet need was previously identified. We will use a comprehensive marketing plan and a powerful communication strategy that will help us communicate effectively across all relevant channels. With the right talent for the job, we will form strategic alliances with workshops that are governed by our quality standards and we will train them in the values of the company to offer our clients the best possible service. Our process prior to certification is simple: just fill out a form on our website to be part of Segunda, and later, receive all the information regarding the status of the car before buying it, avoiding bad experiences. / Trabajo de investigación

此商業企劃書是為了探討從歐洲出口二手車到非洲的可行性。 / The purpose of this business plan is to determine the feasibility of a used cars business exportation from Europe to Africa for Roufai who is a friend of my half-brother Florent. In many countries, the economic development is linked to the rise of the automotive industry, which has already started in Nigeria and still be pursued under the Nigerian Industrial Revolution Plan. This plan aims at increasing the implication of the manufacturing industry into the Nigerian Gross Domestic Product. However, the increase in the automotive market is mostly due to cars importations (around 100,000 new and 300,000 used from the public figures, and according the official Nigerian state, it is 50,000 new and 200,000 used). And the current production is around 100,000 units of mainly buses and trucks. Therefore there is room to fill in by providing used cars in good condition at a competitive price. The aim would be to answer the growing demand of the Nigerian market first, and then expand the operation to Nigeria’s neighbours like Cameroon. The company would be in charge of the following operations: collecting used cars, checkout and eventual repairs, exporting vehicles to Africa and importing them in the giant parking of Cotonou (and eventually Lomé) before selling the vehicles to intermediary agent for the traditional channel, and exporting the cars until the final customer for the online channel. We strongly believe we can achieve our objectives by providing the whole supply chain with very few intermediaries for the online channel and offering a global solution integrating all the services to bring the cars to the giant parking resellers, with competitive prices, good vehicles quality due to excellent supply and reliable repairs, and with a great understanding and responsiveness to the demand using the web. The aim is to gain 0.3% of the Nigerian market share by 2020 and to grow thanks to both investors and banks to reach a net income of 3%.

Bilar av ett visst märke, modell, år och uppsättning funktioner börjar med ett pris som fastställs av tillverkaren. När de åldras och säljs vidare som de används, är de föremål för prissättning av utbud och efterfrågan för deras speciella uppsättning funktioner, utöver deras unika historia. Ju mer detta skiljer dem från jämförbara bilar, desto svårare blir de att utvärdera med traditionella metoder. Genom att använda maskininlärning algoritmer för att bättre utnyttja data om alla mindre vanliga egenskaper hos en bil kan man mer exakt bedöma ett fordons värde. Denna studie jämför prestandan för algoritmer för Linjär Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression och Random Forest Regression när det gäller att förutsäga priset på begagnade bilar. En viktig kvalifikation för ett prisförutsägelseverktyg är att avskrivningar kan representeras för att bättre utnyttja tidigare data för aktuell prisförutsägelse. Denna studie jämför därför även den skattade prisavtagningen hos algoritmerna. Studien har genomförts med en stor offentlig datauppsättning av begagnade bilar. Resultaten visar att Random Forest Regression visar den högsta prisförutsägelseprestanda för alla mätvärden som används. Den kunde också representera den genomsnittliga avskrivningen mycket närmare verkligheten än de andra algoritmerna, med 13,7 % förutspådd årlig geometrisk prisavtagning för datasetet oberoende av fordonets ålder. / Cars of a particular make, model, year, and set of features start out with a price set by the manufacturer. As they age and are resold as used, they are subject to supply-and-demand pricing for their particular set of features, in addition to their unique history. The more this sets them apart from comparable cars, the harder they become to evaluate with traditional methods. Using Machine Learning algorithms to better utilize data on all the less common features of a car can more accurately assess the value of a vehicle. This study compares the performance of Linear Regression, Ridge Regression, Lasso Regression, and Random Forest Regression ML algorithms in predicting the price of used cars. An important qualification of a price prediction tool is that depreciation can be represented to better utilize past data for current price prediction. The study has been conducted with a large public dataset of used cars. The results show that Random Forest Regression demonstrates the highest price prediction performance across all metrics used. It was also able to represent average depreciation much more closely than the other algorithms, at 13.7% predicted annual geometric depreciation for the dataset independent of vehicle age.

La société Autobiz édite et diffuse de l’information sur le secteur automobile. Cette thèse contribue à l’enrichissement de cette information et à une meilleure compréhension du marché de l’occasion par l’élaboration des modèles de prédiction du prix des véhicules et du délai de vente qui leur est associé. Nous avons eu à notre disposition une base de données réelles constituée d’annonces de sources diverses induisant un nombre considérable d’outliers. Ainsi, la première partie de travail s’est consacrée à la construction de méthodes de détection d’outliers incluant aussi bien de simples règles empiriques qu’un test statistique dont les propriétés asymptotiques ont été étudiées. Partant d’un état de l’art sur la prédiction des prix des véhicules d’occasion, il est apparu que les études existantes soulèvent le besoin de fonder une méthodologie d’analyse plus rigoureuse. Cette méthodologie a été développée dans un objectif de proposer des solutions automatisables et adaptées aux contraintes imposées par les experts. Nous faisons alors l’hypothèse que les prix des véhicules d’une même version se déprécient en fonction de l’âge et du kilométrage selon une forme qui lui est propre. La dernière partie du travail est dédiée à l’analyse des délais de vente. Dans un premier temps, nous caractérisons la variable associée aux délais de vente. Ensuite nous proposons une modélisation de cette variable par une régression à l’échelle d’un segment correspondant à l’arborescence marque-modèle-carrosserie-énergie en fonction des variables liées au kilométrage, au prix et à l’âge. Enfin, nous discutons de la possibilité de modéliser le nombre de véhicules vendus dans une période donnée selon une loi binomiale négative. / Autobiz publishes information on the automotive sector. The subject of this the-sis is to give more tools for best understanding the used cars market by proposing modeling the price and the sale duration of vehicles. In our disposal we have a dataset consisted of used car advertisements automatically collected from the most popular website in France. Such data records often include outlying values. So, we need to start our analysis by considering outliers problem and we propose an outliers detector for univariate case for which we study asymptotic properties. Next, we develop a predicting model for used cars price. Although enumerable amount of works are stored in the literature we see that each of them lacks rigorous statistical foundations. We investigate the relationships between the price, the mileage, the age and others vehicle characteristics. More precisely we discuss how incorporate these variables in a model and compare different modeling approaches with the object to find the one best fitting the dataset and easy to implement. Expert’s opinions are minded at different stages of the model-building process. Next, we identify variables and how they affect the probability of a used vehicle’s sale from a list of explanatory variables related to price, mileage and age. In the sequel, we build a model allowing predicting the sale duration. Finally, we discuss about modeling sales of used cars by using the negative binomial distribution.

The aim of the theoretical part of this thesis is to describe different dimensions and elements of marketing strategy of a company and present different steps companies are recommended to take during planning and preparing a marketing strategy. The practical part describes the analysis of the Volkswagen AG program for used cars Das WeltAuto. The analysis focuses on the international marketing strategy that the program follows in the markets where it operates and describes its main elements, goals and implementation. The ultimate aim of this thesis is to analyze the process of integration of different brands on the level of a big corporation and to research the process of implementation of a marketing strategy for special used car program Das WeltAuto on an international level.

Předmětem diplomové práce je analýza potenciálu balkánského trhu pro distribuci luxusních automobilů Bentley a Lamborghini firmou Leonhardt Group Automobile. Společnost působí jako distributor luxusních značek koncernu Volkswagen Group v Německu a management zvažuje vstup na trhy zemí bývalé Jugoslávie. Z důvodu negativního vlivu globální hospodářské krize na automobilový průmysl autor analyzuje vedle distribuce nových automobilů i možnost prodeje ojetých vozů. V první části diplomové práce jsou popsána teoretická východiska vztahující k analýze trhu. Druhá, praktická část, je zaměřena na vlastní analýzu potenciálu vybraných trhů a zhodnocení, jestli má společnost Leonhardt Group na trhy vstoupit a jakou marketingovou strategii zvolit.

Valuation of used cars, affected by various technical attributes and information asymmetry, is the key objective of all agents operating on the automobile mar- ket. This thesis, focusing on a hedonic price analysis, aims to determine basic as well as additional attributes as determinants of a used car market price. In addition, the analysis sheds light upon novel attributes (service records, cigarette smoke pollution of a vehicle interior, selling channel factor in the e- commerce environment, and a German geographical division). The hedonic price research uses the unique data sample of the German used car market, extracted from the database of the e-commerce platform AutoScout24 com- prised of almost 51 thousand vehicles and 57 attributes. The model selection is specified by the incorporation of the Bayesian model averaging approach. The research proves the complexity of a valuation of a used vehicle in a term of a substantial number of relevant variables. The most interesting innovative conclusions are non-significant effect of selling channels and small local price differences among two German regions. Remarkable are also the significant effect of the status of previous owners, bodywork colour, and smoke pollution. The estimated vehicle lifespan of 10 years shows that cars have shorter than...