Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-08-18T14:48:21Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Raiana Lira Cabral.pdf: 5762124 bytes, checksum: ae5d7569483058004f7d1bc4e55c48c8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-18T14:48:21Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Raiana Lira Cabral.pdf: 5762124 bytes, checksum: ae5d7569483058004f7d1bc4e55c48c8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / Ethnopedological studies have focused, mainly, agricultural practices land use. However, peasant and indigenous populations often use soil and land resources for various purposes, including ceramics. This study aimed to describe and analyze the knowledge and use of soils related to the ceramic manufacture, within a group of potter-farmers ("loiceiros") in the municipality of Altinho, State of Pernambuco, Northeast Brazil. The practices and soil knowledge of farmers were described and analyzed by Ethnoscientific’s techniques, giving emphasis to the task of evoking, among potters, the categories of soil (or soil materials) that they recognize, the attributes used to characterize soil materials and the criteria to differentiate and to relate them. According to local knowledge, the material ("clay"), which brings plasticity to the ceramic paste was categorized as "barro vermelho‖ (red clay), "barro preto‖ (black clay) and "barro de pote" (pot clay). The "loiceiros" used to collect "red clay" in three main claypits (―barreiros‖). Soils found near two of these pits were classified as Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico solódico and the other one was classified as Planossolo Nátrico Órtico típico, according to the Brazilian System of Soil Classification. The potters recognized variations in soil properties with depth. In this sense, three types of soil materials emerged in their discourse ("terra", "barro" and "piçarro"), which occurred in overlapping each other in the soil profile, similar to the arrangement of pedogenic horizons. The distinction between the soil materials by the artisans followed mainly morphological and utilitarian criteria. The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction of the soil materials under study included, mainly, 2:1 clay minerals from the group of smectites and micas, as well as kaolinite, feldspar and quartz. The ethnopedological approach carried out within the cultural context of farmers potters allowed to elicit useful information for the advancement of soil science and for a better understanding and appreciation of local knowledge and use of soils. / Os estudos etnopedológicos têm enfocado, majoritariamente, o uso agrícola dos solos. Contudo, as populações camponesas e indígenas costumam utilizar solos para múltiplos fins, inclusive cerâmica. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de descrever e analisar os conhecimentos e usos de solos relacionados à confecção de vasos cerâmicos junto a um grupo de artesãos camponeses (―loiceiros‖), no município de Altinho, Agreste Pernambucano, Nordeste do Brasil. As práticas e conhecimentos pedológicos dos camponeses foram descritos e analisados por meio de técnicas etnocientíficas, dando-se ênfase à tarefa de evocar, entre os informantes, as categorias de solos (ou materiais de solo) que eles fossem capazes de reconhecer, os atributos usados para caracterizá-las e os critérios adotados para diferenciá-las e relacioná-las. De acordo com o conhecimento local, o material (―barro‖) que confere plasticidade à massa cerâmica foi categorizado em ―barro vermelho‖, ―barro preto‖ e ―barro de pote‖ (―massapê‖). Os ―loiceiros‖ costumavam coletar ―barro vermelho‖ em solos de três localidades, dois destes solos foram classificados como Planossolo Háplico Eutrófico solódico e um deles como Planossolo Nátrico Órtico típico de acordo com o Sistema Brasileiro de Classificação de Solos. Os ceramistas estudados reconheceram variações nas propriedades do solo em função da profundidade. Neste sentido, três categorias de materiais de solo emergiram no discurso dos informantes (―terra‖, ―barro‖ e ―piçarro‖), as quais se apresentaram sobrepostas umas às outras no perfil de solo, de modo semelhante ao arranjo dos horizontes pedogenéticos. A distinção entre os materiais de solo pelos artesãos entrevistados seguiu, principalmente, critérios morfológicos e utilitários. A composição mineralógica da fração argila dos materiais de solo estudados incluiu, principalmente, argilominerais do tipo 2:1 do grupo das esmectitas e das micas, além de caulinitas, feldspatos e quartzo. A abordagem etnopedológica utilizada na pesquisa permitiu evocar dentro do contexto cultural dos agricultores ceramistas informações úteis para o avanço da pedologia e para uma melhor compreensão e valorização dos sistemas locais de conhecimento e uso de solos.

South African studio pottery of the later twentieth century has consistently been described as ‘Anglo-Oriental’, because it was perceived to adhere to the standard forms of utilitarian wares in plain or subdued colours and decorations, as promoted by the Anglo-Oriental tradition of studio pottery. This dissertation investigates the validity of such an epithet, based on evidence that the pioneer South African studio potters and their successors were exposed to broader pottery influences, and that the oeuvres which they developed reflect what they borrowed, adapted and re-interpreted from such influences. The studio pottery careers and influences of the pioneers Esias Bosch, Hyme Rabinowitz and Bryan Haden are discussed, and the oeuvres of the second generation of studio potters are also investigated. Attention is given to both the ethics and aesthetics of their studio pottery practices. The dissertation further explores whether the era’s studio potters contributed towards the creation of a distinctive South African pottery identity. / Art History, Visual Arts and Musicology / M.A. (Art History)