digitalisering@umu

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<p>Validerat; 20101217 (root)</p>

During the cold war planned economies tried to separate their internal and external trade, so as not to be affected by international trade cycles while trading with capitalist countries. However, researchers have in both old and recent discussions pointed out that planned economies trade with market economies could have affected their internal trade. This paper studies the effects of market economies foreign trade development on European planned economies foreign trade development between 1958-1991. It combines the theory of transferring market cycles through foreign trade with theories of market economies effects on planned economies. The foreign trade development of market economies had a greater effect on the smaller planned economies than on the Soviet Union. The foreign trade of the planned economies was also affected by the lifting of the CoCom embargo and the foreign trade reforms among Comecon members in 1958. Planned economies also seem to have had an internal investment structure similar to the market economies, since both economic systems were affected in the same way by international price shocks.

<p>Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Handelshögsk.</p>

Diss. Göteborg : Univ., 2003.

Uppsatsens syfte är att undersöka hur Sveriges utrikeshandel har påverkat arbetskraftenssammansättning. Det är viktigt att utreda då den internationella handeln ständigt ökar. Enligthandelsteori leder utrikeshandel till att produktion av varor och tjänster specialiseras efter dekomparativa fördelar som förekommer. I Sveriges fall innebär det specialisering motkapitalintensiv produktion vilket bör leda till en ökad efterfråga på högskoleutbildadarbetskraft.Syftet besvaras med hjälp av en ekonometrisk studie där data från svensk tillverkningsindustriför åren 1995 – 2005 struktureras som paneldata. Andelen importerade insatsvaror användssom proxyvariabel för utrikeshandelns påverkan. Arbetskraftens sammansättning definierassom fördelningen mellan individer med och utan högskoleutbildning.Uppsatsens resultat är att utrikeshandel kan ha påverkat arbetskraftens sammansättning itillverkningsindustrin då efterfrågan på högskoleutbildad arbetskraft har ökat under studeradtidsperiod. Kapitalintensiva näringsgrenar påverkas i lägre grad jämfört medarbetskraftsintensiva näringsgrenar av en förändring i andelen importerade insatsvaror. / The purpose of this study is to analyse how Sweden’s foreign trade has affected thecomposition of the country’s workforce. International trade is growing constantly; thereforethere is a need to understand the importance and consequences of this. According to tradetheory, international trade will lead to specialisation of the production of goods and servicestowards areas where comparative advantages are prominent. In Sweden’s case, this meansspecialisation in capital-intensive production, which should increase the demand for skilledlabour.An econometric study of the Swedish manufacturing industry for the years 1995 – 2005 is thebasis for the study. Data is structured as panel data where the share of imported inputs is usedas a proxy for the impact of foreign trade on the composition of the workforce. Thecomposition consists of skilled and non-skilled labour.Results of this study demonstrate that foreign trade has affected the composition of theworkforce in the manufacturing industry, as the demand for skilled labour has increasedduring the time period.