Recently, the novel development of light guide is V-cut light guide which integrate the micro-prisms on the top and bottom surface of the light guide. Although the V-cut light guide can use the energy of light source efficiently, its uniformity is lower than the traditional scattering dots light guide. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to improve the low uniformity phenomenon of V-cut light guide. First, this study designs three micro-structures on the bottom surface of light guide, and analyzes the influences of shape and geometric parameters of each micro-structure on the luminous flux enhancement. Then, on the top surface of light guide, the micro-lens are modeled which includes the scattering characteristic of diffuser in order to improve the backlight uniformity. It can achieve the effect of diffuser does through the design of scattering micro-lens, so it can save the cost of diffuser. Finally, the integrated design of 7 inches light guide and diffusion structures was simulated by using commercial software LightTools, and the result shows that the backlight uniformity can achieve 90.6%.

LGP( Light Guide Plate) is the important part of the BLM(Back Light Modulus). It makes the BLM high illuminance and uniformity with leading light direction. LED(Light Emitting Diode) is the light source of the BLM. In this study there are V-Cut of the micro-structure applying on the LGP to discuss and research with optical simulation software TracePro. A 2.5 inch BLM with LED is building to analysis. First, the beginning side of the LGP has been studied with V-Cut. The purpose is making the distribution angel larger and upgrading brightness. Then, with the V-Cut micro-structure on the out-light surface and optical sheets get the largest light availability ratio. Finally, the reflect surface divides to five parts with different pitches design. The results show the good benefit by more uniformly light distribution and illuminance.

The research direction is to apply the precision machining and the micro-electroform technology on LCD back light module (BLM). The goal is to strengthen the BLM energy utility, increase the BLM brightness, and save the material cost. In experiments we adopted the ultra precise machining and the micro-electroform technology in the LGP mold processing in order to enhance the BLM brightness. Since both technologies are different from the commonly used etching processing way, therefore, this study will be aimed at the analysis on three different processing technology in LGP. Consider the general LGP reflecting surface as the etching way is the base-line data for BLM average brightness, the change of reflecting surface is the V-cut processing way. After injection the reflecting surface of LGP is convex V-cut that may increase 6% brightness in comparison with the etching way. However, the application of the micro-electroform way of injection the concave V-cut LGP may again promote 6% brightness in its optics performance. Therefore, the increase of micro-electroform processing, the BLM brightness promotes approximately 12% compared to the etching way. That may reduce the lens use of the BLM and achieve the economic efficiency in cost redution.

Liquid crystal display (LCD) has been widely used as an important human interface with typical portable devices such as notebook-type computers, digital camera and cell phones, etc. The LCD panel does not emit light spontaneously, and thus it needs a surface backlight source. The function of light guide plate (LGP) was to guide light from a light source and radiates it homogeneously from all over its output surface. In this thesis, the research object was focused on this optical component. This thesis mainly concludes two major parts. The first part focused on the design of cold fluorescent lamp (CCFL) light source LGP. If the bottom structure of the LGP in a backlight module was made up of V-Cut micro-structures, then conventionally, the shape and spacing between any two adjacent columns of micro-structure should be designed specifically in order to obtain a more uniform illuminance distribution. It was required to apply complicated mathematics and cost a lot of time to design. In this study, a simplified bottom structure of the LGP was proposed. The considered bottom structure of the LGP was proposed to be made up of same shape high energy V-Cut micro-structures, and the spacing between any two adjacent columns of the micro-structure was also the same. The design parameters were determined by using optimization technique. Also, the LCD design time could be reduced. In order to eliminate the dark region phenomenon caused by the proposed simplified bottom structure of the LGP, a simple new type of edge structure of the LGP was proposed also. The proposed simplified LGP design concepy has many merits, such as only three design parameters needed, manufacturing easily, the design time can be reduced, and can prevent the consumption of light source energy between the gaps of CCFL and LGP. The proposed design concept was applied on the design of 7 inches, 15 inches and 20 inches of backlight module (BLM). Through the numerical simulation by utilizing commercial software Light Tools, it can be shown that more than 80% of uniformity can be easily obtained. The second part focused on traditional dot pattern bottom structures. As the same concept mentioned in the first part, the proposed dot pattern was made up of same geometrival shape of dots, and the spacing between any two adjacent columns of the dots was also the same. The design parameters were determined by using optimization technique. The proposed design concept of the dot patten distribution can be applied on the design of LGP with either LED or CCFL light source. Also, the dark phenomenon did not occur, and so the corresponding edge structure did not need either. The proposed design concept was applied on the design of 7 inches, 15 inches and 20 inches of BLM with CCFL light source and on the design of 7 inches of BLM with LED light sources. The optical simulation results showed that about 90% of uniformity can be easily obtained.

The aim of this diploma thesis is to get acquainted with modern technological elements currently used in shell-and-tube heat exchanger in the shell-side and tube-side, thermal-hydraulic calculation of selected elements and comparison of thermal-hydraulic properties with classically used competing technological elements. The work deals mainly with EM baffle in the tube-side and tube inserts like the twisted tape type (and its modifications) and coiled wire in the tube-side. The theoretical part is focused on acquaintance with classical technological elements in shell-and-tube heat exchanger and with basic thermal-hydraulic calculations, practical part then on acquaintance with modern elements and thermal-hydraulic calculation of selected elements. These calculations are then compared with the results of the thermo-hydraulic calculation of similar elements.