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Anti-Terrorism has been a global issue and video surveillance has become increasingly popular in public places e.g. banks, airports, public squares, casinos, etc. However, when encountered with the crowd environment, conventional surveillance technologies will have difficulties in understanding human behaviors in crowded environment. / Firstly, I developed a learning-based algorithm for people counting task in crowded environment. The main difference between this method and traditional ones is that it adopts separated blobs as the input of the people number estimator. The blobs are selected according to their features after background estimation and calibration by tracking. After this, each selected blob in the scene is trained to predict the number of persons in the blob and the people number estimator is formed by combining trained sub-estimators according to a pre-defined rule. / In the last part, I discussed the method to analyze the crowd motion from a different angle: by video energies. I mainly use the defined energies to identify the human crowd density and human abnormal behaviors in the crowd. I define two categories of video energies based on intensity variation and motion features and adopt two surveillance methods for the two energies accordingly. Using wavelet analysis of the energy curves, I obtained a result which shows that both methods can be used to deal with crowd modeling and real-time surveillance satisfactorily. / In this thesis, I address the problem of crowd surveillance and present the methodology of how to model and monitor the crowd. The methodology is mainly based on motion features of crowd under human constrains. By utilizing this methodology, dynamic velocity field is extracted and later used for learning. Thereafter, learning technology based on appropriate features will enable the system to classify the crowd motion and behaviors. In this thesis, I tried four topics in crowd modeling and the contributions are in the following areas, namely, (1) robust people counting in crowded environment, (2) the detection and identification of abnormal behaviors in crowded environment, (3) modeling crowd behaviors via human motion constrains, and (4) modeling crowd behaviors using crowd energy. / Secondly, I introduced a human abnormal behavior identification system in the crowd based on optical flow features. Optical flow calculation is applied to obtain the velocity field of the raw images and the corresponding optical flows in the foreground are selected and processed. Then, the optical flows are encoded by support vector machine to identify the abnormal behaviors of humans in crowded environments. Experimental results show that this method can handle some places where it is very crowded while the traditional methods can not. / The work in this thesis has provided a theoretical framework for crowd modeling research and also proposed corresponding algorithms to understand crowd behaviors. Moreover, it has potential applications in areas such as security monitoring in public regions, and pedestrian fluxes control, etc. / Thirdly, I discussed how crowd modeling using human motion constrains is realized and the quantitative evaluation is given. I declare that the human motion patterns can be added to increase the accuracy and robustness of abnormal behavior identification. In more detail, I applied Bayesian rules to optimize the optical flow calculation result. I also declare that the motion pattern of crowd is similar with that of water when the environment become very crowded and corresponding rules are applied. / Ye, Weizhong. / "May 2008." / Adviser: Yangsheng Xu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: A, page: 0724. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-85). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

A learning-based approach to detect abnormal audio information is presented, which can be applied to audio surveillance systems that work alone or as supplements to video surveillance systems. / An automatic surveillance system is also presented that can generate a density map with multi-resolution cells and calculate the density distribution of the image by using texture analysis technique. Hosed on the estimated density distribution, the SVM method is used to solve the classification problem of detecting abnormal situations caused by changes in density distribution. / Anti-terrorism has become a global issue, and surveillance has become increasingly popular in public places such as elevators, banks, airports, and casinos. With traditional surveillance systems, human observers inspect the monitor arrays. However, with screen arrays becoming larger as the number of cameras increases, human observers may feel burdened, lose concentration, and make mistakes, which may be significant in such crucial positions as security posts. To solve this problem, I have developed an intelligent surveillance system that can understand human actions in real-time. / I have built a low-cost PC-based real-time video surveillance system that can model and analyze human real-time actions based on learning by demonstration. By teaching the system the difference between normal and abnormal human actions, the computational action models built inside the trained machines can automatically identify whether newly observed behavior requires security interference. The video surveillance system can detect the following abnormal behavior in a crowded environment using learning algorithms: (1) running people in a crowded environment; (2) falling down movements when most people are walking or standing; and (3) a person carrying an abnormally long bar in a square. Even a person running and waving a hand in a very crowded environment can be detected using an optical flow algorithm. / I have developed a real-time face detection and classification system in which the classification problem is defined as differentiating and is used to classify the front of a face as Asian or non-Asian. I combine the selected principal component analysis (PCA) and independent component analysis (ICA) features into a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to achieved a good classification rate. The system can also be used for other binary classifications of face images, such as gender and age classification without much modification. / This thesis establishes a framework for video, audio, and crowd surveillance, and successfully implements it on a mobile surveillance robot. The work is of significance in understanding human behavior and the detection of abnormal events, and has potential applications in areas such as security monitoring in household and public spaces. / To test my algorithms, the video and audio surveillance technology are implemented on a mobile platform to develop a household surveillance robot. The robot can detect a moving target and track it across a large field of vision using a pan/tilt camera platform, and can detect abnormal behavior in a cluttered environment; such as a person suddenly running or falling down on the floor. When abnormal audio information is detected, a camera on the robot is triggered to further confirm the occurrence of the abnormal event. / Wu, Xinyu. / "May 2008." / Adviser: Yangsheng Xu. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 70-03, Section: B, page: 1915. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 101-109). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. [Ann Arbor, MI] : ProQuest Information and Learning, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / School code: 1307.

Advances in digital camera technology have led to the development of image sensors that are capable of capturing High Dynamic Range (HDR) images. Although this has enabled the capture of greater depths of colour and illumination, there remain problems with regards to transmitting and displaying the HDR image data. Current consumer level displays are designed to only show images with a depth of 8-bits per pixel per channel. Typical HDR images can be 10-bits per pixel per channel and upwards, leading to the first problem, how to display HDR images on Standard Dynamic Range (SDR) displays. This is linked to a further problem, that of transmitting the HDR data to the SDR devices, due to the fact that most state-of-the-art image and video coding standards deal with only SDR data. Further, as with most technologies of this kind, current HDR displays are extremely expensive. Furthermore, media broadcast organisations have invested significant sums of money into their current architecture and are unwilling to completely change their systems at further cost.

Tang, Kai Lam. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2007. / Includes bibliographical references. / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / Acknowledgement --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / Contents --- p.iv / Publication List --- p.vii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Video Coding --- p.1-1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Temporal prediction --- p.1-5 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Transform Coding --- p.1-9 / Chapter 1.1.3 --- Quantization --- p.1-12 / Chapter 1.1.4 --- Entropy Coding --- p.1-14 / Chapter 1.2 --- H.264/MPEG-4 Part 10 --- p.1-15 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Overview --- p.1-16 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Intra Prediction --- p.1-19 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Inter Prediction --- p.1-20 / Chapter 1.2.4 --- Transform and Quantization --- p.1-23 / Chapter 1.2.5 --- Entropy Coding --- p.1-25 / Chapter 1.2.6 --- Deblocking Filter --- p.1-29 / Chapter 1.3 --- Organization of the Thesis --- p.1-32 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Review of Motion Estimation Techniques --- p.1-32 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- The Proposed Algorithms --- p.1-33 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Optimization of the Codec --- p.1-34 / Chapter 1.4 --- Contributions --- p.1-35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Review of Motion Estimation Techniques --- p.2-1 / Chapter 2.1 --- Fast Full Search --- p.2-2 / Chapter 2.2 --- Hybrid Unsymmetrical-cross Multi-Hexagon-grid Search --- p.2-4 / Chapter 2.3 --- Center biased Fractional Pel Search --- p.2-6 / Chapter 2.4 --- Enhanced Predictive Zonal Search --- p.2-7 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Enhancement Techniques for Intra Block Matching --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Fundamental Principles --- p.3-1 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Variable Block Size Intra Block Matching --- p.3-3 / Chapter 3.2 --- Proposed Techniques --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Padding --- p.3-5 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Modes --- p.3-9 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Performance Enhancement Tools --- p.3-12 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Multiple Best Matches --- p.3-12 / Chapter 3.2.3.2 --- Adaptive Integer and Sub-pixel Intra Block Matching --- p.3-13 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Pseudo Intra Block Matching --- p.3-14 / Chapter 3.3 --- Proposed Fast Algorithms --- p.3-16 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Fast Intra Block Matching Decision --- p.3-16 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Skipping some Intra Block Matching Processes --- p.3-18 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Early Termination --- p.3-19 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- SAD Reuse Techniques --- p.3-21 / Chapter 3.4 --- Experimental Results --- p.3-22 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Enhanced SAD Reuse Fast Motion Estimation --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction --- p.4-1 / Chapter 4.2 --- Proposed Fast Motion Estimation Algorithm --- p.4-3 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Best Initial Motion Vector --- p.4-3 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Initial Search Pattern --- p.4-4 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Initial Search Process and Search Pattern Improvement Process --- p.4-7 / Chapter 4.2.3.1 --- BISPCSP Motion Estimation or Refinement Process Decision --- p.4-8 / Chapter 4.2.3.2 --- ISP Motion Estimation or Refinement Process Decision --- p.4-9 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Motion Estimation Process and Refinement Process --- p.4-9 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Motion Estimation Process --- p.4-9 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- Refinement Process --- p.4-11 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Motion Estimation Skip Process for B Pictures --- p.4-12 / Chapter 4.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.4-13 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Development of Real-Time H.264 Codec on Pocket PC --- p.5-1 / Chapter 5.1 --- Algorithmic Optimizations --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- Fast Sub-Pixel Motion Estimation --- p.5-2 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- Interpolation --- p.5-5 / Chapter 5.1.2.1 --- Revision of Luma Interpolation --- p.5-5 / Chapter 5.1.2.2 --- Fast Interpolation --- p.5-8 / Chapter 5.1.3 --- Skipping Inverse ICT and Inverse Quantization Depends on Coded Block Pattern --- p.5-10 / Chapter 5. 2 --- Code Level Optimizations --- p.5-12 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Merging Loops --- p.5-12 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Moving Independent Code outside the Loop --- p.5-13 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Unrolling Loops --- p.5-14 / Chapter 5.3 --- Experimental Results --- p.5-16 / Chapter 5.4 --- Applications --- p.5-26 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions and Future Development --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1 --- Conclusions --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Enhancement Techniques for Intra Block Matching --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Enhanced SAD Reuse Fast Motion Estimation --- p.6-1 / Chapter 6.1.3 --- Development of Real-Time H.264 Codec on Pocket PC --- p.6-2 / Chapter 6.2 --- Future Development --- p.6-3 / Bibliography --- p.I

Thesis (M.S.V.S.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 1981. / MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND ROTCH. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 60). / Broadcast television is a fixture in our lives, a utility comparable to the telephone or the electric current running into our homes. In developing an artistic statement in the video medium, the artist must take this precedent for television's usage as a context against which to model his or her expression. In my work, as documented by this thesis, I address the need to discover personal forms for expression designed for an intimate one- way , communications medium that is evolving towards greater viewer response and participation. I present my thesis in three parts: 1. The script and working charts used for the production of "Performance in Color Video and Live Time." This twelve minute videotape is a talk on environmental art as it applies to the medium of television and its audience that I give as a video performance. It is my first work in video, produced in October, 1979, at M.I.T., and serves as background for the work of this thesis. 2. A written documentation of "Live Time/Video Time," my thesis exhibition presented December 8 and 12, 1980, at the Center for Advanced Visual Studies. It is described first in general terms as a sculptural environment occurring in time and space. Then, individual tapes and events are discussed, tracing an evolution that leads towards an objective of "open theater." 3. The generation of further work and speculation into the use of the television medium as an extension of my thesis work and outgrowth of the work of those artists and writers who are influencing me. I include a proposal of a project for public broadcast television I plan to accomplish within six months of the submission of this thesis. / by Elliott Vincent Grabill, Jr. / M.S.V.S.

Estágio realizado na MOG e orientado pelo Eng.º Luís Miguel Sampaio / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Informática e Computação. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2009

Estágio realizado na MOG Solutions, S. A / Tese de mestrado integrado. Engenharia Electrotécnica e de Computadores - Major Telecommunications. Faculdade de Engenharia. Universidade do Porto. 2008

Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 2007. / Title from title screen (site viewed Dec. 4, 2007). PDF text: ca. 240 p. : ill. UMI publication number: AAT 3271930. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in microfilm and microfiche formats.

<p>Syftet för detta examensarbete var att utreda hur elever förhåller sig till läxhjälp på Internet i form av inspelade matematiklektioner på video. Samtidigt var syftet att utreda fördelarna och nackdelarna med denna teknik samt vad som krävs av en lärare för att använda sig av detta arbetssätt.</p><p>Den empiriska delen av arbetet gick ut på att jag spelade in sju olika matematiklektioner på cirka fem minuter vardera där teorigenomgångar varvades med lösta uppgifter. Jag lade sedan ut dessa filmer på en hemsida och informerade om den vid tre olika matematiklektioner. Tanken var sedan att se hur stort intresset var hos eleverna och detta utvärderades med en enkätundersökning och en gruppintervju samt en mindre intervju med matematikläraren för klassen.</p><p>Resultatet av undersökningen var att intresset var tämligen svalt. Endast en ur klassen hade sett någon film och många av de andra uppgav att orsaken till att de inte hade gått in på hemsidan var att de hade glömt bort det eller helt enkelt inte brydde sig om det. Samtidigt svarade alla utom en att de tyckte att det var en bra idé att använda filmer på det här sättet. Av gruppintervjun framkom bland annat att filmens fördelar kontra lösta uppgifter i textform främst var att film erbjuder större möjligheter till att förklara teorierna bakom uträkningarna. Enkätundersökningen gav också ett annat bra skäl till att använda filmer nämligen att de flesta har dator och Internet hemma och att de går att titta på flera gånger.</p><p>Orsaken till det svala intresset av filmerna trots att nästan hela klassen tyckte att det var en bra idé kan bero på en mängd orsaker. Det framkom av enkätundersökningen att många har ett bra kontaktnät för att fråga om matematik där mer än hälften frågade föräldrar eller syskon. Att arbeta i grupp verkar också vara vanligt. Gruppintervjun visade också att det är vanligt att hellre vänta till nästa matematiklektion när eleverna inte förstår en uppgift istället för att söka hjälp. Samtidigt har eleverna många ämnen parallellt vilket kan göra att matematiken ibland kommer lite i skymundan medan behovet av hjälp hemma i ämnet är störst innan ett prov. </p><p>Skall det vara lyckat att använda filmer på Internet på detta sätt så krävs att arbetssättet blir förankrat hos eleverna. Genom att förflytta uppgifter och inlämning av dessa över till någon hemsida eller Webportal kan det bli naturligt för eleverna att använda Internet i matematikundervisningen. Att erbjuda någon sorts belöning, åtminstone i initieringsfasen, såsom gratispoäng på prov kan vara ett annat sätt.</p>