Techn. Universiẗat, Diss., 1999--Freiberg (Sachsen).

abstract: This dissertation presents a systematic study of the sorption mechanisms of hydrophobic silica aerogel (Cabot Nanogel®) granules for oil and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in different phases. The performance of Nanogel for removing oil from laboratory synthetic oil-in-water emulsions and real oily wastewater, and VOCs from their aqueous solution, in both packed bed (PB) and inverse fluidized bed (IFB) modes was also investigated. The sorption mechanisms of VOCs in the vapor, pure liquid, and aqueous solution phases, free oil, emulsified oil, and oil from real wastewater on Nanogel were systematically studied via batch kinetics and equilibrium experiments. The VOC results show that the adsorption of vapor is very slow due to the extremely low thermal conductivity of Nanogel. The faster adsorption rates in the liquid and solution phases are controlled by the mass transport, either by capillary flow or by vapor diffusion/adsorption. The oil results show that Nanogel has a very high capacity for adsorption of pure oils. However, the rate for adsorption of oil from an oil-water emulsion on the Nanogel is 5-10 times slower than that for adsorption of pure oils or organics from their aqueous solutions. For an oil-water emulsion, the oil adsorption capacity decreases with an increasing proportion of the surfactant added. An even lower sorption capacity and a slower sorption rate were observed for a real oily wastewater sample due to the high stability and very small droplet size of the wastewater. The performance of Nanogel granules for removing emulsified oil, oil from real oily wastewater, and toluene at low concentrations in both PB and IFB modes was systematically investigated. The hydrodynamics characteristics of the Nanogel granules in an IFB were studied by measuring the pressure drop and bed expansion with superficial water velocity. The density of the Nanogel granules was calculated from the plateau pressure drop of the IFB. The oil/toluene removal efficiency and the capacity of the Nanogel granules in the PB or IFB were also measured experimentally and predicted by two models based on equilibrium and kinetic batch measurements of the Nanogel granules. / Dissertation/Thesis / Ph.D. Chemical Engineering 2011

Theoretical part of this thesis, deals with issues of odor substances found in the interior environment with special focus on solid wood odors and their relationship with VOCs. Although there is no direct impact of odors on human health, they can severely affect physical and mental well-being of the individual and lead to secondary complications and accidents. Subjective evaluation of odor perception is one of the factors that can be decisive when choosing furnishing elements. It is assumed that the human and wood olfactoric interaction could play an important role in marketing strategies of furniture manufacturers and distributors. Therefore, there was also practical part to this project, which deals with subjective odor evaluation of solid wood samples using sensory analysis. Then evaluation of short questionnaires. The obtained data were used to finalize results applicable in practice and useful for further olfactory research. Final part of this thesis deals with possible practical applications of those results, different means of aromatisation and their concrete rendering.

This thesis deals with the characteristics of two wine micro-regions and VOC associations which originated on this territories. Characterizes the local terroir, historical, climatic and geological conditions. It deals with the monitoring of selected analytical parameters in the variety Blaufrankisch on the trails belonging to the VOC Modré hory and in the variety Welschriesling from vineyards belonging to the VOC Pálava during their maturation.

Angl. resumé

No description available.

El presente trabajo ha consistido en desarrollar formulaciones y elaborar, en laboratorio, pinturas anticorrosivas acrílicas base agua y con pigmentos de fosfato de zinc, utilizadas para la protección del acero común como una alternativa ecológica a las pinturas convencionales base solvente. Estas formulaciones han sido evaluadas en ensayos de corrosión acelerada y en un ensayo de larga duración en una atmósfera urbano-marina. Los resultados obtenidos han demostrado que los anticorrosivos acrílicos base agua pueden ofrecer similar protección e incluso superior (ensayos de corrosión acelerada) que algunas pinturas convencionales base solvente de uso común. Siendo las pinturas anticorrosivas base agua una tecnología en desarrollo en países Iberoamericanos, las formulaciones obtenidas constituyen una alternativa ecológica y de bajo impacto ambiental que pueden reemplazar a las pinturas convencionales base solvente y pigmentadas con metales pesados, para la protección del acero en ambientes medianamente agresivos.

Lean Six Sigma is one of the tools organizations use to help their processes run faster and thus maximize their profits. It is a thorough approach that can reveal defects in companies' processes through examining customers' needs and its statistical data Its popularity spreads fast from the early adopters such as General Electric, Toyota or Motorola and many companies are keen to get their hands on it and achieve similar success as above mentioned. Czech companies are not different. There is, however, a tendency to lay it aside based on first time impressions. The most frequent reasons are: complexity, need to make dramatic changes in the company's culture and high initial costs. Main goal of this thesis is to show that Lean Six Sigma does not necessarily have to be a thorough approach. It can also be used as a one-time tool to improve company's processes, just by picking the right parts and combining them in the right order. This thesis describes the most useful tools and also shows how they can be used in the real situation. By aligning them in a row it also creates a framework for Lean Six Sigma implementation projects which can be used repeatedly. One chapter also describes various problems that might occur during the implementation and provides readers with possible solutions to overcome them.

La recherche actuelle est entreprise dans l’optique de la révision complète du design chimique et des principes d’élaboration des photocatalyseurs composites supportés (PCCS) afin d’améliorer considérablement leurs capacités réactionnelles, la durabilité de leur action en temps et de résoudre le problème de pollution secondaire des milieux à traiter. Les travaux effectués ont permis la mise en œuvre d’un nouveau modèle de PCCS interactifs dont les composants photosensibles sont en fortes interactions chimiques avec leurs supports appartenant au groupe d’acides de Lewis. Cette particularité assure une grande sélectivité d’action des produits développés, leur fonctionnement durable en régime stationnaire, évite la pollution secondaire des effluents à traiter et garanti une performance photocatalytique comparable à celle du produit de référence Degussa P25.Les travaux réalisés ont permis d’acquérir de nouvelles connaissances scientifiques concernant le rôle de l’acidité de surface dans l’action photocatalytique et du taux de dissociation de l’eau adsorbée sur le produit actif. De plus, un ensemble de huit paramètres principaux assurant les meilleures conditions d’exploitation des PCCS a été établi.Les PCCS développés peuvent être appliqués, tout d’abord, dans le domaine de l’incinération photocatalytique des COV. Un prototype de filtre dynamique capable de traiter 50 m3/h de l’air avec une consommation d’énergie modérée, est conçu. Un nouveau type de matériaux composites à vocation germicide à base de polymères synthétiques fait également l’objet de la partie applicative de ces travaux de thèse. / The current research is undertaken in the context of the complete reconsideration of the supported composite photocatalysts (SCPC) chemical design and elaboration principles in order to improve their reaction capacities, to assure the sustainability of their action in time and to resolve the secondary pollution problem for the media to treat. This work enabled the implementation of a new model of interactive SCPC in which the photosensitive components occur in a strong chemical interaction with their supports belonging to the Lewis acid group. This feature provides the developed products with high selectivity, allows them to function in the stationary conditions, avoids the secondary pollution effect and guarantees the photocatalytic performance comparable with the one of the reference industrial photocatalyst Degussa P25. An important scientific knowledge on the role of the surface acidity in the photocatalytic action and on the dissociation state of the water adsorbed over the active product was acquired. Apart from this, a set of eight main parameters ensuring the best SCPC operation properties was established. The developed SCPC are forecasted to be firstly applied in the photocatalytic VOC oxidation processes. A prototype of such filter capable to treat 50 m3/h of air, having modest energy consumption, was designed. A new composite material with germicidal properties elaborated using synthetic polymer supports, also constitutes a subject of the applications part of this thesis.

In the thesis entitled The possibilities of vinification of grapes of the variety Frankovka for VOC Blue Mountains, the primary objective was to evaluate the influence of autochthonous yeast on the commercial by fermentation in an automatic vinifier, an open and closed vessel. Next, find out by ripening the wines in a wooden barrel and an impervious container whether it suits more maturation with increased or minimal amount of oxygen. The result of this work was then the sensory analysis of the wine was quantified into a 100 point table according to the OIV as well as the aromatic profile and profile of the structure and strength of the wines, which were then processed into the graphs. Experimental samples were analyzed by individual parameters - anthocyanins, total polyphenols, antioxidant capacity and color parameters.