Master's thesis "VRF system" aims on the energy simulation of energy needs for HVAC system of one floor of the FSI NetMe Research Centre building and followed evaluation of the advantage of using VRF system with heat recovery function. The first part is a theoretical introduction, which describes the basics of the mechanical refrigeration, following the differences and ways of functioning of the VRF system with heat recovery function. Practical part of this work is aimed on the description of the way of data input into the simulation tool. Finally, the results of the simulation and economical comparation of the VRF system and the existing four-pipe cold and warm water distribution system are presented

As concern for the environment has been dramatically raised over the recent decade, all fields have increased their efforts to reduce impact on environment. The field of construction has responded and started to develop the building performance strategies as well as regulations to reduce the impact on the environment. HVAC systems are obviously one of the key factors of building energy consumption. This study investigates the system performance and economic value of variable refrigerant flow (VRF) systems relative to conventional HVAC systems by comparing life-cycle cost of VRF systems to that of conventional HVAC systems. VRF systems consist mainly of one outdoor unit and several indoor units. The outdoor unit provides all indoor units with cooled or heated refrigerant; with these refrigerants, each indoor unit serves one zone, delivering either heating or cooling. Due to its special configuration, the VRF system can cool some zones and heat other zones simultaneously. This comparative analysis covers six building types—medium office, standalone retail, primary school, hotel, hospital, and apartment—in a eleven climate zones—1A Miami, 2A Houston, 2B Phoenix, 3A Atlanta, 3B Las Vegas, 3C San Francisco, 4A Baltimore, 4B Albuquerque, 4C Seattle, 5A Chicago, and 5B Boulder. Energy simulations conducted by EnergyPlus are done for each building type in each climate zone. Base cases for each simulation are the reference models that U.S. Department of Energy has developed, whereas the alternative case is the same building in the same location with a VRF system. The life-cycle cost analysis provides Net Savings, Savingto- Investment ratio, and payback years. The major findings are that the VRF system has an average of thirty-nine percent HVAC energy consumption savings. As for the results of the life-cycle cost analysis, the average of simple payback period is twelve years.

This master thesis deals with integration of IPv6 network protocol into production computer network of Mendel University in Brno in the routing field. The integration includes the Dual Stack transition mechanism, IPv6 address plan, static routing at the perimeter of the university network, and OSPFv3 and MP-BGP routing protocols. Proposed integration plan was verified in the Laboratory of computer networking at the Department of Informatics at FBE MENDELU, and it serves as a template for a final implementation in the production network.

In the introduction of this thesis the reasons for transition from older to a new technology called MultiProtocol Label Switching are mentioned – the modern technology enables simple network extension. The theoretical part contains basic principles of this techno- logy and their practical application for supplying private networks to the customers using provider’s network. In practical part packets are analyzed considering the theory. In addi- tion. All the technologies tested on a real network. Experience gained while working on this thesis are assessed during creating laboratory task for class Architecture of Networks intended for students of Bachelor’s study programme.

This master thesis deals with VRF systems, which are used for extensive commercial and office buildings, or for buildings where there are multiple zones with different required parameters. The aim of the thesis is to explain the functions of the system and their evaluation and inclusion into energy classes according to the new legislation. The practical part deals with an application of the VRF system and its variants in the building of bank branch. The comparison of initials costs and resultant costs to operate the system. The experiment focuses on comparison of the measured values of VRF system and their comparison with data from the manufacturer.

This thesis describes the design of a multifunctional three-storey house. The proposal includes the choice of the structural system, the choice of walls, windows, designing footings, staircases, numerous parking areas, flat roof drainage, management of rainwater. The specialized section is designed ventilating buildings with VRF systems heating / cooling with heat pumping. A check is a calculation of bearing capacity of ceiling construction.

The aim of my thesis is to design the project documentation of an energy-efficient house for doctors and nurses, located near the hospital in Kroměříž. The work is divided into three parts. The first part focuses on the architectural and construction design of the building. The second part deals with the design of the technical equipment of the building and its layout. The third part deals with the design and comparison of different cooling sources. The building is a two-storey building with a flat, vegetated roof and its design is in the building permit stage. On the ground floor there is a bistro, a dining room with food preparation, technical rooms and 3 apartments. On the second floor there are 9 apartments and a lounge. In the middle of the building there is a circulation area with a staircase, a glass elevator and a large skylight that illuminates the whole area. Heating is provided by a gas condensing boiler. Ventilation is provided by three air handling units. A hybrid cooling system with heat recuperation from the refrigerant is designed. For partial electricity demand, 62 photovoltaic panels are installed on the roof of the building. The third part deals with the design of alternative cooling solutions for the building. Multi split, VRV and water cooling system with roof top chiller are proposed in addition to the already designed hybrid system. These four alternatives are compared with each other and the most suitable option is then designed.

<p>I dagsläget används VPN allt mer bland företagen för att ansluta till olika nätverk. Detta kan medföra att routingtabellen blir alltför stor och det kan i sin tur påverka processorbelastningen på routern som delar ut alla VPN.Detta arbete hade som syfte att granska om det är några märkbara prestandaskillnader på en routers processor när olika routingprotokoll används tillsammans med VRF. Protokollen som detta arbete tog upp var BGP, OSPF och RIP.Tre olika nätverks-scenarier skapades där olika tester genomfördes för de tre nämnda routingprotokollen. Det gjordes även tester på routrar när ingen VRF användes för att jämföra resultaten. Testerna bestod av att granska processorbelastningen på routrar när det fanns många rutter i nätverket och när nätverket var belastat med trafik.Testernas visade att skillnaden mellan BGP och OSPF inte är särskilt stor, men när RIP användes så steg processorbelastningen markant när nätverket hade många rutter. Om däremot VRF användes tillsammans med RIP så sjönk belastningen avsevärt på vissa routrar.</p>

Submitted by Fabricia Fialho Reginato (fabriciar) on 2015-07-23T01:11:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeBrochier.pdf: 2248315 bytes, checksum: 51a12fbb2e530bf08f1847557932b381 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2015-07-23T01:11:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 FelipeBrochier.pdf: 2248315 bytes, checksum: 51a12fbb2e530bf08f1847557932b381 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-02 / Nenhuma / Este trabalho tem como objetivo otimizar o custo operacional dependente dos parâmetros de vazão de ar do condensador, número de aletas e de circuitos do condensador, frequência do compressor e parâmetros do dispositivo de expansão de um sistema de um condicionador de ar do tipo split hiwall unitário com vazão variável de refrigerante (VRV). Para a otimização foram consideradas as freqüências de ocorrência de quatro condições de temperatura do ambiente externo na cidade de Porto Alegre. O condicionador de ar abordado neste trabalho troca calor utilizando um ciclo de compressão de vapor de simples estágio, tendo como fluido de trabalho o refrigerante R-410A. O sistema completo, composto de um compressor, um condensador, um evaporador e tubo capilar, foi modelado analiticamente utilizando o software EES (Engineering Equation Solver) e ajustado de acordo com testes realizados em calorímetro. Para a otimização, um algoritmo genético foi programado no próprio EES. Após a otimização do custo operacional em função dos parâmetros físicos de projeto, o COP aumentou em até 12 % na condição de ar externo a 35 °C. A otimização em função dos parâmetros de controle mostrou aumento ainda mais significativo do COP do sistema. Também é feita uma comparação entre os valores de COP de um sistema de vazão constante de ar e refrigerante e um sistema com vazão variável de ar e refrigerante. / This work aims to optimize the operational cost of an air conditioning system with variable refrigerant flow (VRF). The cost is dependent of the following parameters: condenser air flow, number of condenser fins and circuits, compressor frequency and the expansion device. The optimization considered the frequencies of occurrence of four distinct ambient temperatures in the city of Porto Alegre. The air conditioner presented in this work exchange heat using a single stage vapor compression cycle, with the refrigerant R-410A as the working fluid. The complete system comprises a compressor, a condenser, an evaporator and a capillary tube and was analytically modeled using the EES (Engineering Equation Solver) software. The parameters were fitted according to results obtained in a calorimeter and for optimization, a genetic algorithm was programmed using the same software. After the optimization of the operational cost as a function of the project parameters, the COP was raised up to 12% in external ambient air at 35 °C. The optimization of the operational cost as a function of the control parameters showed even a more significant system COP raise. A comparison between the COP of a constant air and refrigerant flow system and a variable air and refrigerant flow system was also performed.

Neste trabalho é feita uma simulação energética de um prédio de escritórios em Porto Alegre, utilizando um equipamento de ar condicionado de vazão de refrigerante variável (VRF) presente no exemplo do programa simulador (EnergyPlus). Com a carga térmica média (13.600 W) das cargas térmicas resultantes em cada zona térmica, se obteve um equipamento de ar condicionado comercial (unidade interna) com potência (14.000 W) que suprisse a carga térmica média. Através das tabelas do fabricante e do ajuste de curvas são encontradas as equações de desempenho do equipamento comercial e são traçados as curvas características. A seguir é feita uma nova simulação no prédio de escritórios, utilizando o equipamento comercial e comparando resultados com a simulação do equipamento de ar condicionado do exemplo como referência. São comparados os valores de consumo energético da edificação, cargas térmicas das serpentinas de expansão direta de resfriamento e de aquecimento e horas em que a temperatura da zona fica fora do ajuste do termostato no ano. A simulação demonstra que o equipamento VRF comercial (68.297,38 kWh) consome menos energia que o VRF do modelo do EnergyPlus (71.901,99 kWh). / In this dissertation is made an energy simulation of an office building in Porto Alegre, using a variable refrigerant flow air-conditioning (VRF) in this example model of the simulator program (EnergyPlus). With the average thermal load (13.600 W) of thermal loads resulting in each thermal zone, it got a commercial air conditioning unit (Internal unit) VRF with power (14.000 W) that provided the thermal loads of each zone. Through the tables of the manufacturer and the fitting curves are found performance equations of commercial device and their characteristics curves are plotted. The following is made a new office building simulation, using the commercial device and comparing the simulation results with the air conditioning of the example model as a reference. For the comparison are used the values of energy consumption building, the direct expansion cooling coil heat load, the direct expansion heating coil and the annual hours when the temperature zone was outside of set point the thermostat. The simulation shows that the VRF commercial equipment consumes less energy (68.297,38 kWh) than the VRF equipment of EnergyPlus model (71.901,99 kWh).