Essa tese é dedicada ao estudo do romance Essa Terra, do escritor Antônio Torres, que dramatiza o conflito entre as expectativas positivas em relação ao progresso e o modo como este se impõe com violência gerando crises agudas, sofrimento, loucura e morte. O desfecho da trajetória de Nelo, personagem que depois de vinte anos vivendo em São Paulo retorna à terra natal e se suicida, suscita uma série de indagações acerca do sentido do processo social do qual a migração é momento. Mais do que uma leitura temática, propomos examinar na construção formal do romance alguns aspectos que lhe imprimem uma configuração trágica, e permitem apreender a complexidade da experiência que ele formaliza, bem como os vínculos dessa experiência com um processo mais geral de formação da sociabilidade capitalista, considerando a particularidade que esse processo assume na formação nacional brasileira. Esse exame se concentra nas estratégias narrativas mobilizadas para a construção da trama, identificando e acompanhando um movimento gradual de aproximação do narrador Totonhim com os personagens do irmão, do pai e da mãe, por meio do qual podemos reconhecer a posição implicada do personagem que narra, de modo a redimensionar os conflitos que ele apresenta a partir da posição fixa dos outros personagens e daquilo que eles personificam. Esse movimento permite abarcar o modo como os personagens vivenciam esses conflitos tanto externa quanto internamente, configurando uma experiência que podemos reconhecer como trágica à medida que recompomos os vínculos entre sua dimensão pessoal e social. Destacamos, em especial, a presença da culpa para examinar de que modo o romance dramatiza a constituição fetichista do sujeito moderno, ao mesmo tempo dotado e destituído de autonomia, aspecto que nos parece decisivo para apreender a especificidade da forma de dominação capitalista e da experiência trágica que nos é contemporânea. / This thesis studied the novel Essa Terra, written by Antonio Torres, which dramatizes the conflict between positive expectations regarding progress and the violent way it imposes itself, creating sharp crises, suffering, craziness and death. The outcome of Nelo\'s path, a character who after had lived twenty years in São Paulo city returns back home and commits suicide, raises a series of issues around the meaning of the social process of which migration is a moment. Rather than a thematic understanding of the novel, we proposed ourselves to examine, regarding its formal construction, some aspects that impress a tragic configuration to it and allow us to grasp the complex experience it formalizes, as the relations between this experience and the more general process of the capitalist society formation. To do that we have also to consider the particularities in the process of the Brazilian national formation. This examination concentrates itself in the narrative strategies that are mobilized to construct the plot. Thus we identified and followed a gradual movement of approximation of the narrator Totonhim with the characters of his brother, father and mother, through which we can grasp the involved position of the character that narrates the story, in such a manner that allows us to reframe the conflicts that he presents in relation with the fixed position of the \"other\" characters and from that that they represents. This movement allows us to grasp the way the characters experience these conflicts, either externally either internally speaking, creating an experience we can recognize as tragical, as soon as we find the links between its personal and its social dimensions. We highlight, with special emphasis, the presence of guiltiness to examine how the novel dramatizes the fetishist constitution of the modern subject, at the same time this subject has and does not have autonomy, a determinant aspect for us to be able to grasp the specificity of the capitalist form of domination and the tragical experience that is contemporary to us.

(English): In the face of the scandal arising from the persistence of numerous systems of oppression in our time, which ravage and enslave both human beings and other species, often in a cumulative manner: capitalist, patriarchal, racist-colonial, rationalist-ableist and anthropocentrist-productivist systems, the so-called "post-modern" theories fail as well to provide emancipatory analyses and ways out of these systems of domination as do the "traditional Marxist" and classical anarchist theories, because all these theories lack a radical critique of the basic categories of capitalism-patriarchy that only the "value-dissociation critique" offers (at least as far as we are aware of). Since the mid-1980s and with a feminist turn in 1992, first in Germany and then also in Brazil and many other countries, the philosophical current of the "critique of value-dissociation" has been working to rethink a critical theory of patriarchal capitalism based on a radical overcoming of the whole "traditional Marxism". This is done by demonstrating the urgent need to deploy a critique of the basic categories of capitalism, namely work, value, money, commodities, fetishism, patriarchy, and the state; of these categories themselves, and not simply of their phenomenal forms. But how can a critical theory of such power...