Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. / Committee Chair: Hesketh, Peter J.; Committee Member: Allen, Mark G.; Committee Member: Degertekin, F. Levent; Committee Member: Frazier, Bruno A.; Committee Member: Graham, Samuel.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1967. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Wisconsin--Madison, 1963. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Bibliography: l. 73-74.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2007. / Full text release at OhioLINK's ETD Center delayed at author's request

Th. doct.-ing.--Méc.--Toulouse--I.N.P., 1981. N°: 138.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-07T19:20:46Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-16. Added 1 bitstream(s) on 2016-03-07T19:24:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000858626.pdf: 5395021 bytes, checksum: 9effbe891d5fe9c3fbf2e8710f1f9138 (MD5) / Em compressores de refrigeração, as válvulas de sucção e descarga são responsáveis pela retenção e passagem do fluido refrigerante da câmara de sucção ao cilindro, e do cilindro à câmara de descarga. Projetistas trabalham para que essas válvulas tenham baixa perda de carga, aumentando a eficiência do processo. Como a abertura e o fechamento das válvulas são realizados por forças do próprio escoamento, o entendimento do escoamento através das mesmas é fundamental para melhorar o desempenho do sistema de válvulas. Esta tarefa pode ser realizada eficientemente com o uso de ferramentas numéricas. Devido à complexidade da geometria real das válvulas, encontram-se na literatura diversos trabalhos que utilizam modelos simplificados na representação das válvulas. Em particular, a geometria do difusor radial se destaca como o modelo simplificado mais utilizado nesse tipo de escoamento, e importantes conclusões foram obtidas devido ao uso adequado do modelo. O Método da Fronteira Imersa é um método promissor no estudo de problemas de geometria complexa e envolvendo interações de fluido-estrutura. Com esse método, é possível investigar o escoamento em modelos mais complexos, sem grandes complicações no processo de geração de malha. No presente trabalho, utiliza-se o método de Multi-Forçagem Direta proposto por Wang (2007) para os cálculos de forças na representação do corpo rígido. A solução do escoamento incompressível e viscoso é feita através do código AMR3D (Adaptive Mesh Refinement 3D), composto por um esquema de avanço temporal semi-implícito de segunda ordem e um método de projeção no acoplamento pressão-velocidade. A malha gerada pelo código consiste em blocos de refinamento localizado alocados de acordo com uma sequência de níveis de refinamento, que se adapta ao campo de vorticidade e a presença de uma fronteira imersa. O método numérico é... / In refrigeration compressors, the suction and discharge valves are responsible for the retention and passage of the refrigerant fluid from the suction chamber to the cylinder, and from the cylinder to the discharge chamber. Valve system designers seek for valves with small overall flow pressure drop in order to increase the compressor efficiency. As the opening and closing of the valves are caused by the forces produced by the refrigerant flow, the understanding of the flow through the valve is of fundamental importance in order to enhance the efficiency of the valve system. The numerical simulation of the flow is an efficient method to perform this task. Due to the complex geometry usually found in this type of valve, simplified geometries have been used to represent the valve, particularly the radial diffuser geometry. The Immersed Boundary method is very attractive when it comes to complex geometries and fluid-structure interaction, for it allows the simulation of fluid flow past complex geometries, with boundary movement, without complicating the mesh generation process. In the present work, the Multi-Direct Forcing introduced by Wang (2007) is used for the rigid body force calculations. The incompressible, viscous flow is solved by the AMR3D (Adaptive Mesh Refinement 3D) which contains a semi-implicit time discretization scheme of second order and a projection method for the pressure-velocity coupling. The mesh generated by the code consists in sequences of nested, progressive finer rectangular grid patches, which dynamically adapts to the flows vorticity field and the presence of an immersed boundary. The numerical method is validated with experimental data obtained for the flow through the radial diffuser's geometry. A model that represents well the real geometry of the real valve is proposed, with angular movement imposed for valve opening and closing simulation. Results show that the ...

Orientador: José Luiz Gasche / Banca: João Batista Campos Silva / Banca: Millena Martins Villar Vale / Resumo: Em compressores de refrigeração, as válvulas de sucção e descarga são responsáveis pela retenção e passagem do fluido refrigerante da câmara de sucção ao cilindro, e do cilindro à câmara de descarga. Projetistas trabalham para que essas válvulas tenham baixa perda de carga, aumentando a eficiência do processo. Como a abertura e o fechamento das válvulas são realizados por forças do próprio escoamento, o entendimento do escoamento através das mesmas é fundamental para melhorar o desempenho do sistema de válvulas. Esta tarefa pode ser realizada eficientemente com o uso de ferramentas numéricas. Devido à complexidade da geometria real das válvulas, encontram-se na literatura diversos trabalhos que utilizam modelos simplificados na representação das válvulas. Em particular, a geometria do difusor radial se destaca como o modelo simplificado mais utilizado nesse tipo de escoamento, e importantes conclusões foram obtidas devido ao uso adequado do modelo. O Método da Fronteira Imersa é um método promissor no estudo de problemas de geometria complexa e envolvendo interações de fluido-estrutura. Com esse método, é possível investigar o escoamento em modelos mais complexos, sem grandes complicações no processo de geração de malha. No presente trabalho, utiliza-se o método de Multi-Forçagem Direta proposto por Wang (2007) para os cálculos de forças na representação do corpo rígido. A solução do escoamento incompressível e viscoso é feita através do código AMR3D (Adaptive Mesh Refinement 3D), composto por um esquema de avanço temporal semi-implícito de segunda ordem e um método de projeção no acoplamento pressão-velocidade. A malha gerada pelo código consiste em blocos de refinamento localizado alocados de acordo com uma sequência de níveis de refinamento, que se adapta ao campo de vorticidade e a presença de uma fronteira imersa. O método numérico é... / Abstract: In refrigeration compressors, the suction and discharge valves are responsible for the retention and passage of the refrigerant fluid from the suction chamber to the cylinder, and from the cylinder to the discharge chamber. Valve system designers seek for valves with small overall flow pressure drop in order to increase the compressor efficiency. As the opening and closing of the valves are caused by the forces produced by the refrigerant flow, the understanding of the flow through the valve is of fundamental importance in order to enhance the efficiency of the valve system. The numerical simulation of the flow is an efficient method to perform this task. Due to the complex geometry usually found in this type of valve, simplified geometries have been used to represent the valve, particularly the radial diffuser geometry. The Immersed Boundary method is very attractive when it comes to complex geometries and fluid-structure interaction, for it allows the simulation of fluid flow past complex geometries, with boundary movement, without complicating the mesh generation process. In the present work, the Multi-Direct Forcing introduced by Wang (2007) is used for the rigid body force calculations. The incompressible, viscous flow is solved by the AMR3D (Adaptive Mesh Refinement 3D) which contains a semi-implicit time discretization scheme of second order and a projection method for the pressure-velocity coupling. The mesh generated by the code consists in sequences of nested, progressive finer rectangular grid patches, which dynamically adapts to the flows vorticity field and the presence of an immersed boundary. The numerical method is validated with experimental data obtained for the flow through the radial diffuser's geometry. A model that represents well the real geometry of the real valve is proposed, with angular movement imposed for valve opening and closing simulation. Results show that the ... / Mestre

Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of requirements for the degree Master Technology: Chemical Engineering in the FACULTY OF ENGINEERING at the CAPE PENINSULA UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2009 / The prediction of the energy losses when designing pipeline and pumping systems requires accurate loss coefficient data. But the loss coefficient data found in the open literature was not adequate for predicting the loss coefficient for Saunders straight-through diaphragm valves. As more accurate loss coefficient data to enable more efficient pipeline designs are scarce in the open literature, it is problematic to predict the head loss due to the pipeline fittings, and particularly for diaphragm valves. Most of the data given in the literature are for turbulent flow based on water. Due to water shortages mining operations are forced to increase their solids concentrations and to operate in laminar flow (Slatter, 2002). Consequently there is a need to determine loss coefficient data in laminar flow for valves used in these industries to ensure energy efficient designs (Pienaar et al., 2001; 2004) or if needed, to derive a new correlation to predict losses through Saunders diaphragm valves. However, a systematic study of various sizes of diaphragm valves of different manufacturers to ascertain, if the same loss coefficient can be applied, has never been done. Therefore a comparison will be made between the data produced in this work and the existing correlations. The objective of this research was to determine loss coefficient data in laminar, transitional and turbulent flow for the Saunders type straight-through diaphragm valves ranging from 40 mm to 100 mm in the fully open, 75 %, 50 % and 25 % open positions, using a range of Newtonian and non-Newtonian fluids. The test work was conducted on the valve test rig in the Flow Process Research Centre at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology. This work investigated only Newtonian and time independent homogeneous non-Newtonian fluids or slurries flowing through Saunders straight-through diaphragm valves in the turbulent, transitional and laminar regimes. Weir-type Saunders valves and time-dependent fluid behaviour were not investigated in this study. Preamble Non-Newtonian Loss Coefficients for Saunders Diaphragm Valves A Mume Kabwe The results for each test are presented in the form of valve loss coefficient (kvalve) against Reynolds number (Re). This thesis adds new loss coefficient data to the open literature, and a new correlation, which will be useful for designing pipelines in industries, as well as contributing to the academic debate in this discipline.

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