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<p> The Rayleigh-Ritz method of Trial Function has been adopted to solve problems of translational shells under uniform external pressure. The basic energetical expressions have been written in terms of direct tensor notation. The stress-strain displacement relations are given in linear sense. Three different kinds of boundary conditions --- all four edges fixed, one pair of edges fixed and another pair of edges simply supported, and all four edges simply supported --- have been analysed. The stress and moment resultants at different points of the shell have been computed by means of IBM 7040, and are plotted into curves and figures to show their variations. The convergence of the displacement function uz is roughly verified. Certain comparison with other established results have been made. The results obtained by the present approach are satisfactory, at least from an engineering point of view.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

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Broadly speaking, cluster analysis is the organization of a data set into meaningful groups and mixture model-based clustering is recently receiving a wide interest in statistics. Historically, the Gaussian mixture model has dominated the model-based clustering literature. When model-based clustering is performed on a large number of observed variables, it is well known that Gaussian mixture models can represent an over-parameterized solution. To this end, this thesis focuses on the development of novel non-Gaussian mixture models for high-dimensional continuous and categorical data. We developed a mixture of joint generalized hyperbolic models (JGHM), which exhibits different marginal amounts of tail-weight. Moreover, it takes into account the cluster specific subspace and, therefore, limits the number of parameters to estimate. This is a novel approach, which is applicable to high, and potentially very- high, dimensional spaces and with arbitrary correlation between dimensions. Three different mixture models are developed using forms of the mixture of latent trait models to realize model-based clustering of high-dimensional binary data. A family of mixture of latent trait models with common slope parameters are developed to reduce the number of parameters to be estimated. This approach facilitates a low-dimensional visual representation of the clusters. We further developed the penalized latent trait models to facilitate ultra high dimensional binary data which performs automatic variable selection as well. For all models and families of models developed in this thesis, the algorithms used for model-fitting and parameter estimation are presented. Real and simulated data sets are used to assess the clustering ability of the models. / Thesis / Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)

This thesis presents a study of the applications of the variational principle to periodic lattices. A calculation of the conduction Knight Shift in the Alkali Meals is chosen as an example of the calculations possible with this method. The Knight Shift is discussed with reference to the contributions of both the core and conduction electrons. The approximation of neglect of the effect of the core electrons as found in previous calculations is discussed and its validity questioned. / Thesis / Master of Science (MS)

This thesis presents a new active-passive treatment developed to reduce structural vibrations and their associated radiated sound. It is a contribution to the research of efficient and low cost devices that implement the advantages of active and passive noise control techniques. A theoretical model has been developed to investigate the potential of this new "active-passive distributed absorber". The model integrates new functions that make it extremely stable numerically. Using this model, a genetic algorithm has been used to optimize the shape of the active-passive distributed absorber. Prototypes have been designed and their potential investigated. The device subsequently developed can be described as a skin that can be mechanically and electrically tuned to reduce unwanted vibration and/or sound. It is constructed from the piezoelectric material polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and thin layers of lead. The tested device is designed to weight less than 10% of the main structure and has a resonance frequency around 1000 Hz. Experiments have been conducted on a simply supported steal beam (24"x2"x1/4"). Preliminary results show that the new treatment out-performs active-passive point absorbers and conventional constrained layer damping material. The compact design and its efficiency make it suitable for many applications especially in the transportation industry. This new type of distributed absorber is totally original and represent a potential breakthrough in the field of acoustics and vibration control. / Master of Science

Made available in DSpace on 2015-04-22T22:07:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 orlando.pdf: 5376505 bytes, checksum: 0fe38436ca5d2157e6047c3b7a23d9ef (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-10-22 / Recently, the quantum spin ½ Heisenberg model with antiferromagnetic competitive interactions between first (J1) and second (J2) neighbors on a square lattice (called J1-J2 Heisenberg model) has been extensively studied by several methods, where the critical properties are relatively well known at T = 0. For small (α < α1c) and large (α > α2c) values of the parameter of frustration α = J2/J1 we ordered two states: the state of Néel (or antiferromagnetic-AF) and collinear antiferromagnetic (CAF), respectively, which are separated by a disordered state (spin-liquid SL). The CAF state consists of spins oriented parallel along the chain and antiparalelamente between chains, whereas the SL state is believed to be represented by the settings singlet states of dimers or platelets randomly oriented over the entire square lattice. Many debates were devoted to that kind of phase transition order at points α = α1c and α = α2c, concluding in a first-order one, respectively. Years ago, Oliveira [Phys. Rev. B 43, 6181 (1991)] proposed a variational method which uses as its starting point the ground state of the product states of isolated platelets (singlets), thus obtaining the magnetization subnet A, mA, and average internal energy as a function of α. Qualitative results described above were observed with values for points of the same phase transitions α1c ≈ 0.41 and α2c ≈ 0.68. In this work we will generalize this variational method to include a spatial anisotropy for the exchange, which consists of interactions of different first neighbors J1 - horizontal (vertical) and J1 = λJ1 - vertical (horizontal), with all interactions seconds to neighbors along the diagonals with the same intensity J2 (called model J1-J1 -J2 Heisenberg). We discuss the phase diagram at T = 0 plane λ-α, the behavior of order parameters and average internal energy AF and CAF phases as a function of α for various values of the spatial anisotropy λ. Our goal is to analyze the effect of anisotropy on the disordered state (SL), in which some methods (nonlinear waves spins, expanding in series) have provided that this state exist each value of 0<λ≤1, whereas other ones (field effective spin waves linear, coupled cluster) are foreseen only the SL state to high anisotropy values (λ>λ1) and a first-order phase transition between the phases AF and CAF. / Recentemente, o modelo de Heisenberg quântico antiferromagnético de spin ½ com interações competitivas entre primeiros (J1) e segundos (J2) vizinhos numa rede quadrada (o chamado modelo J1−J2 Heisenberg) tem sido exaustivamente estudado por diversos métodos, onde as propriedades críticas são relativamente bem conhecidas em T = 0. Para pequenos (α < α1c) e grandes (α > α2c) valores do parâmetro de frustração α = J2/J1 temos dois estados ordenados: o estado de Néel (ou antiferromagnético-AF) e colinear antiferromagnético (CAF), respectivamente, que são separados por um estado desordenado (spin líquido-SL). O estado CAF é caracterizado com os spins orientados paralelamente ao longo da cadeia e antiparalelamente entre cadeias, enquanto o estado SL acredita-se que seja representado por configurações de estados singletos de dímeros ou plaquetas orientados aleatoriamente sobre toda a rede quadrada. Muitos debates foram dedicados à que tipo de ordem da transição de fase nos pontos α= α1c e α= α2c, tendo como conclusão sendo de segunda e primeira ordem, respectivamente. Anos atrás, de Oliveira [Phys. Rev. B 43, 6181 (1991)] propôs um método variacional onde usa como ponto de partida o estado fundamental do produto de estados isolados de plaquetas (singletos), obtendo assim a magnetização de sub-rede A, mA, e a energia interna média como uma função de α. Os resultados qualitativos descritos acima foram observados, com os valores para os pontos de transições de fases iguais a α1c ≈ 0,41 e α2c ≈ 0,68. Neste trabalho generalizaremos este método variacional para incluir uma anisotropia espacial no exchange, que consiste em interações de primeiros vizinhos diferentes J1 - na horizontal (vertical) e J1 = λ J1 - na vertical (horizontal), com todas as interações de segundos vizinhos ao longo das diagonais com a mesma intensidade J2 (o chamado modelo J1-J1 -J2 Heisenberg). Discutiremos o diagrama de fase em T=0 no plano λ-α, o comportamento dos parâmetros de ordem e energia interna média nas fases AF e CAF como uma função de α para vários valores da anisotropia espacial λ. Nosso objetivo é analisar o efeito desta anisotropia sobre o estado desordenado (SL), onde alguns métodos (ondas de spins não linear, expansão em séries) têm previsto que este estado existe para todo valor de 0<λ≤1, enquanto outros métodos (campo efetivo, ondas de spin linear, cluster acoplado) têm previsto apenas este estado SL para altos valores de anisotropia (λ>λ1) e uma transição de fase de primeira ordem entre as fases AF e CAF.

Principal components analysis (PCA) has been widely used as a statistical tool for the dimension reduction of multivariate data in various application areas and extensively studied in the long history of statistics. One of the limitations of PCA machinery is that PCA can be applied only to the continuous type variables. Recent advances of information technology in various applied areas have created numerous large diverse data sets with a high dimensional feature space, including high dimensional binary data. In spite of such great demands, only a few methodologies tailored to such binary dataset have been suggested. The methodologies we developed are the model-based approach for generalization to binary data. We developed a statistical model for binary PCA and proposed two stable estimation procedures using MM algorithm and variational method. By considering the regularization technique, the selection of important variables is automatically achieved. We also proposed an efficient algorithm for model selection including the choice of the number of principal components and regularization parameter in this study.

In this thesis, we extend De Giorgi's interpolation method to a class of parabolic equations which are not gradient flows but possess an entropy functional and an underlying Lagrangian. The new fact in the study is that not only the Lagrangian may depend on spatial variables, but also it does not induce a metric. Assuming the initial condition is a density function, not necessarily smooth, but solely of bounded first moments and finite "entropy", we use a variational scheme to discretize the equation in time and construct approximate solutions. Moreover, De Giorgi's interpolation method is revealed to be a powerful tool for proving convergence of our algorithm. Finally, we analyze uniqueness and stability of our solution in L¹.