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The solute carrier SLC23A1, encoded by the SLC23A1 gene, is the key membrane transporter mediating the reabsorption of ascorbic acid, the reduced form of vitamin C, in the renal proximal tubule. It had been shown that a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in SLC23A1 could alter the proteins ability to transport ascorbic acid. Recently, through various human re-sequencing projects, many novel single nucleotide variations (SNV) have been discovered and their information has been deposited in genomic databases. However, their impact on the proteins functions remains to be determined. In a first step for functional studies, SNV need to be introduced into an existing SLC23A1 expression plasmids. The objective of this study was to introduce selected SNVs into the coding region, or Open Reading Frame (ORF), of the SLC23A1 expression plasmid pReceiver-M55-SLC23A1. Six SNVs located proximal to the 5’ and 3’ ends of the SLC23A1 ORF were successfully introduced. / February 2017

by Xiao-Qing Jin. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1986 / Bibliography: leaves 47-48

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The main focus of this PhD thesis is the study of microstructures and geometric patterns in materials, in the framework of the Calculus of Variations. My PhD research, carried out in collaboration with my supervisor Mariapia Palombaro and Marcello Ponsiglione, led to the production of three papers [21, 22, 23]. Papers [21, 22] have already been published, while [23] is currently in preparation. This thesis is divided into two main parts. In the first part we present the results obtained in [22, 23]. In these two works geometric patterns have to be understood as patterns of dislocations in crystals. The second part is devoted to [21], where suitable microgeometries are needed as a mean to produce gradients that display critical integrability properties.

以香港為重點，我們對於地表和地下中由地球圈內因子所引致的宇宙射線變化進行了研究。 / 借用圖像重建演算方法，我們定立了一種可於格狀排列的宇宙射線探測器觀測中重塑宇宙射線分佈的方法，並將其用於香港仔隧道實驗室的渺子探測器中。其結果表明地形對地下宇宙射線分佈的影響。 / 在地面上，我們用微擾蒙地卡羅方法研究了大氣變化對地表宇宙射線的影響。由此我們得到了一考慮到所有高度的空氣密度以還原大氣變化對地表宇宙射線影響的修正方案。 / 我們亦演算了宇宙射線粒子在地球磁場內的軌跡，並以探測器收納向量的概念，表達地面儀器所觀測的宇宙射線量與地球以外的原初宇宙射線之關係。 / 最後，藉我們對地球圈內做成宇宙射線變化的眾因子之認識，我們試圖還原它們的作用，以使我們能於地表宇宙射線觀測中探測地外原初宇宙射線的變化。我們的結果表明，在地表宇宙射線中的晝夜變化，有部分是由宇宙中的原初宇宙射線淨流引起。 / Cosmic ray (CR) variations of terrestrial origin were examined, with focus on Hong Kong at both the surface and underground. / Using image reconstruction algorithm, we developed a method to reconstruct CR distribution with measurement from a gridded CR detector, which we then applied to the muon tracker in the Aberdeen Tunnel Lab. The result demonstrated the eect of landscape on underground CR distribution. The good agreement between the measured CR distribution and MUSIC simulation validates the use of such simulation for other underground laboratories. / At the surface, we used perturbative Monte Carlo method to study the effect of atmospheric variations on surface CR counts. The result was a correction scheme to eliminate atmospheric variation in surface CR counts that took the air density at all height levels into consideration. / We also used particle tracing techniques to study the motion of CR particles in Earth’s magnetic field, and how CR counts from surface detectors are related to primary CR beyond Earth through the concept of detector acceptance vector. / With our understanding of CR variations of terrestrial origin, we attempted to undo their effects, and probe primary CR with surface CR observations. Our results suggested that parts of the diurnal variation in surface CR count are related to net streaming in the primary CR. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Chan, Yat Long = 在香港的宇宙射線變化研究 / 陳日朗. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 91-95). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts also in Chinese. / Chan, Yat Long = Zai Xianggang de yu zhou she xian bian hua yan jiu / Chen Rilang. / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgement --- p.iii / Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 2 --- Background --- p.3 / Chapter 2.1 --- Primary and secondary cosmic ray --- p.3 / Chapter 2.2 --- General review on CR variation --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Variation in time --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Variation in directions --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3 --- CR variation of extra-terrestrial origin --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Forbush decrease --- p.6 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- CR co-rotation with sun --- p.7 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- CR variations and periodic solar activities --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Anisotropy of galactic origin --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4 --- CR variations of geomagnetic origin --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Geomagnetic cut off at different latitudes and longitudes --- p.9 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- East-West asymmetry --- p.10 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Time variations of geomagnetic cut-off --- p.10 / Chapter 2.5 --- CR variations of atmospheric origin --- p.12 / Chapter 2.6 --- CR variations from lab overburden --- p.14 / Chapter 2.7 --- Round Up --- p.15 / Chapter 3 --- Muon directional variations in Aberdeen Tunnel Lab --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- The Aberdeen Tunnel Lab --- p.17 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The muon tracker --- p.18 / Chapter 3.2 --- Simulation of muon directional distribution --- p.19 / Chapter 3.3 --- Reconstruction of muon directional distribution --- p.21 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Image restoration analogy --- p.21 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Damped Richardson-Lucy deconvolution algorithm --- p.23 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Obtaining the PSF --- p.24 / Chapter 3.3.4 --- Reconstruction result --- p.25 / Chapter 3.4 --- Comparison of simulation and reconstruction --- p.26 / Chapter 3.5 --- Conclusion --- p.29 / Chapter 4 --- Simulating Cosmic Ray variations at Ground Surface --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1 --- Scope of study --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Geomagnetic variation --- p.30 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Atmospheric variation --- p.31 / Chapter 4.2 --- Layout of Simulation --- p.31 / Chapter 4.3 --- Modelling of Primary CR --- p.32 / Chapter 4.4 --- Modelling of Earth's magnetic field --- p.35 / Chapter 4.5 --- Modelling of atmosphere --- p.36 / Chapter 4.6 --- Modelling of lab overburden --- p.37 / Chapter 4.7 --- Modelling of Physics in cosmic ray cascades --- p.37 / Chapter 4.8 --- Counting considerations --- p.38 / Chapter 4.9 --- Monte Carlo speed up --- p.39 / Chapter 4.9.1 --- Primary particle event biasing --- p.41 / Chapter 4.9.2 --- Weight window technique --- p.41 / Chapter 4.10 --- Differential operator sampling --- p.44 / Chapter 4.10.1 --- Finite perturbation --- p.44 / Chapter 4.10.2 --- In nitesimal perturbation --- p.45 / Chapter 4.11 --- Simulation Result --- p.48 / Chapter 4.11.1 --- Rigidity map at HK --- p.48 / Chapter 4.11.2 --- Zenith angle dependence of muon flux --- p.50 / Chapter 4.11.3 --- Density correction coefficients --- p.51 / Chapter 5 --- Analysis of surface CR data --- p.55 / Chapter 5.1 --- Detector description --- p.55 / Chapter 5.1.1 --- The CUHK Muon Telescope --- p.55 / Chapter 5.1.2 --- The Nagoya Multi-Directional Muon Telescope --- p.56 / Chapter 5.2 --- Characterizing the detectors --- p.58 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Coupling function for rigidity --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Acceptance vectors of detectors --- p.60 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Sensitivity towards Atmospheric conditions --- p.64 / Chapter 5.3 --- Time series of surface CR data --- p.65 / Chapter 5.4 --- Diurnal variations in CR data --- p.67 / Chapter 5.5 --- Inferring CR streaming from surface measurement --- p.69 / Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.75 / Chapter A --- Density correction coefficients and averaged atmospheric profile --- p.77 / Chapter B --- Acceptance vector of the detectors --- p.87 / Bibliography --- p.91

The purpose of this document is to provide a recording and a performer’s analysis of the piano work titled Partita-Variations by American composer George Rochberg, as well as to provide an accessible guide for the pianist in understanding his role as a musician of the twenty-first century. Partita-Variations for Piano Solo, composed in 1976, is a large-scale keyboard work that features a juxtaposition of two different musical genres (partita and variations) and consists of twelve variations on a theme. Chapter One presents an introductory statement of the need and the purpose of the study, including an introduction, review of the literature, methodology, and organization. Chapter Two consists of two parts: an overview of Rochberg’s compositional techniques and styles, and a survey of Rochberg’s published works for solo piano. Rochberg experimented with various musical styles and techniques over the course of his career. His style evolved in the mid-1960s from serialism to conventional tonal idioms to create a unique and expressive voice in the twentieth-century. The chapter concludes with a brief discussion of the musical characteristics of each of Rochberg’s published solo keyboard works. Chapter Three is devoted to an analysis and interpretation of the Partita-Variations. The analysis focuses on characteristics such as harmony, texture, form, referenced musical styles, quotation technique, and specific thematic relationships of the pieces. Chapter Four summarizes the analysis of Partita-Variations and concludes with observations on how Rochberg absorbs and transforms musical elements from the past within his own distinctly twentieth-century approach. Finally, a recording of Rochberg’s Partita- Variations is provided as an aid for performance interpretation. / School of Music

Sergei Rachmaninoff was a major composer in the twentieth century and also a great piano virtuoso. With his unique life experience and personality, Rachmaninoff¡¦s music reveals both deep nostalgia mood and Russian style. Variations on a Theme of Corelli, composed in 1931, was Rachmaninoff¡¦s final piano solo work. His writing style and compositional technique have reached maturity in this piece, which is one of the most representative works during his late period. The Corelli Variations were based on the melody from traditional Portugal dance La Folia. Rachmaninoff employed the virtuoso piano techniques and different musical elements to create diversity for each variation. To all pianists, this work definitely is a big challenge . This lecture paper contains two main sections. The first section focuses on the life background and musical style of Rachmaninoff. The second section discusses Corelli variations, including its compositional background, formal structure and variation technique.