L'objet d'étude de ce mémoire est la géométrie des courbes holomorphes entières à valeurs dans le complémentaire d'hypersurfaces génériques de l'espace projectif complexe. Les conjectures célèbres de Kobayashi et de Green-Griffiths énoncent que pour de telles hypersurfaces, de grand degré, les images de ces courbes entières doivent satisfaire certaines contraintes algébriques. En adaptant les techniques de jets développées notamment par Bloch, Green-Griffiths, Demailly, Siu, Diverio-Merker-Rousseau, pour les courbes à valeurs dans une hypersurface projective (cas dit compact), nous obtenons la dégénérescence algébrique des courbes entières f : ℂ→Pⁿ∖Xd (cas dit logarithmique), pour les hypersurfaces génériques Xd de Pⁿ de degré d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ. Comme dans le cas compact, notre preuve repose essentiellement sur l'élimination algébrique de toutes les dérivées dans des équations différentielles qui sont vérifiées par toute courbe entière non constante. L'existence de telles équations différentielles est obtenue grâce aux inégalités de Morse holomorphes et à une variante simplifiée d'une formule de résidus originalement élaborée par Bérczi à partir de la formule de localisation équivariante d'Atiyah-Bott. La borne effective d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ est obtenue par réduction radicale d'un calcul de résidus itérés de très grande ampleur. Ensuite, la déformation de ces équations différentielles par dérivation le long de champs de vecteurs obliques, dont l'existence est ici généralisée et clarifiée, nous permet d'engendrer suffisamment de nouvelles équations pour réaliser l'élimination algébrique finale évoquée ci-dessus. / The topic of this memoir is the geometry of holomorphic entire curves with values in the complement of generic hypersurfaces of the complex projective space. The well-known conjectures of Kobayashi and of Green-Griffiths assert that for such hypersurfaces, having large degree, the images of these curves shall fulfill algebraic constraints. By adapting the jet techniques developed notably by Bloch, Green-Griffiths, Demailly, Siu, Diverio-Merker-Rousseau, in the case of curves with values in projective hypersurfaces (so-called compact case), we obtain the algebraic degeneracy of entire curves f : ℂ→Pⁿ∖Xd (so called logarithmic case), for generic hypersurfaces Xd in Pⁿ of degree d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ. As in the compact case, our proof essentially relies on the algebraic elimination of all derivatives in differential equations that are satisfied by every nonconstant entire curve. The existence of such differential equations is obtained thanks to the holomorphic Morse inequalities and a simplified variant of a residue formula firstly developed by Bérczi from the Atiyah-Bott equivariant localization formula. The effective lower bound d ≥ (5n)² nⁿ is obtained by radically simplifying a huge iterated residue computation. Next, the deformation of these differential equations by derivation along slanted vector fields, the existence of which is here generalized and clarified, allows us to generate sufficiently many new differential equations in order to realize the final algebraic elimination mentioned above.

This thesis deals with cohomologies on the symplectic quotient of a Frölicher space which is locally diffeomorphic to a Euclidean Frölicher subspace of Rn of constant dimension equal to n. The symplectic reduction under consideration in this thesis is an extension of the Marsden-Weinstein quotient (also called, the reduced space) well-known from the finite-dimensional smooth manifold case. That is, starting with a proper and free action of a Frölicher-Lie-group on a locally Euclidean Frölicher space of finite constant dimension, we study the smooth structure and the topology induced on a small subspace of the orbit space. It is on this topological space that we will construct selected cohomologies such as : sheaf cohomology, Alexander-Spanier cohomology, singular cohomology, ~Cech cohomology and de Rham cohomology. Some natural questions that will be investigated are for instance: the impact of the symplectic structure on these di erent cohomologies; the cohomology that will give a good description of the topology on the objects of category of Frölicher spaces; the extension of the de Rham cohomology theorem in order to establish an isomorphism between the five cohomologies. Beside the algebraic, topological and geometric study of these new objects, the thesis contains a modern formalism of Hamiltonian mechanics on the reduced space under symplectic and Poisson structures. / Mathematical Sciences / D. Phil. (Mathematics)

This thesis deals with cohomologies on the symplectic quotient of a Frölicher space which is locally diffeomorphic to a Euclidean Frölicher subspace of Rn of constant dimension equal to n. The symplectic reduction under consideration in this thesis is an extension of the Marsden-Weinstein quotient (also called, the reduced space) well-known from the finite-dimensional smooth manifold case. That is, starting with a proper and free action of a Frölicher-Lie-group on a locally Euclidean Frölicher space of finite constant dimension, we study the smooth structure and the topology induced on a small subspace of the orbit space. It is on this topological space that we will construct selected cohomologies such as : sheaf cohomology, Alexander-Spanier cohomology, singular cohomology, ~Cech cohomology and de Rham cohomology. Some natural questions that will be investigated are for instance: the impact of the symplectic structure on these di erent cohomologies; the cohomology that will give a good description of the topology on the objects of category of Frölicher spaces; the extension of the de Rham cohomology theorem in order to establish an isomorphism between the five cohomologies. Beside the algebraic, topological and geometric study of these new objects, the thesis contains a modern formalism of Hamiltonian mechanics on the reduced space under symplectic and Poisson structures. / Mathematical Sciences / D. Phil. (Mathematics)