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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

Análise farmacogenômica de pacientes submetidos à dupla antiagregação plaquetária / Pharmacogenomics analysis of patients undergoing double platelet antiagregation

Luchessi, André Ducati 11 August 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo avaliou o perfil farmacogenômico de 338 pacientes, sob terapia antiagregante. Os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento prévio com AAS (100mg/dia) e clopidogrel (75mg/dia) por no mínimo cinco dias antes da angioplastia coronária. Os indivíduos com resposta considerada indesejada <30% de inibição de PRU (do inglês, P2RY12 Reaction Unit) para clopidogrel e >550 ARU (do inglês, Aspirin Reaction Unit), foram considerados como não respondedores. As concentrações plasmáticas dos antiagregantes foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa do tipo triploquadrupolo (LC-MS/MS). A taxa da inibição da agregação plaquetária foi medida utilizando-se o sistema VerifyNow®. A expressão gênica global das células totais do sangue periférico foi avaliada pela tecnologia de microarranjos de DNA Human Exon ST 1.0 Array. Características genotípicas dos pacientes também foram avaliadas pelo sistema Sequenom®. Assim, foi possível obter como resultados a identificação de 64% e 10% para pacientes não respondedores ao clopidogrel e AAS respectivamente, sendo que para o primeiro foi possível identificar a associação desta não resposta a variáveis clínicas como diabetes (p = 0,003), hipertensão (p = 0,011) e hábito de fumar (p = 0,041) e sexo (p = 0,022) e idade dos pacientes (p = 0,004) em relação à resposta ao AAS. O método de quantificação simultânea do clopidogrel, seu metabólito majoritário e do AS (metabólito do AAS), apresentou limites de quantificação entre de 2 a 500 ng/mL, 2 a 2000 ng/mL e de 20 a 2000 ng/mL, respectivamente. O estudo de associação encontrou uma relação significante da presença dos SNPs presentes nos genes CYP5A1 (rs2299890) e CYP2C19 (rs4244285 e rs3758580), com a variação na resposta ao clopidogrel, obtendo um valor de p corrigido pelo teste de permutação inferior a 0,001. Como também, uma fraca associação da variação na resposta do AAS com o SNP rs9605030 do gene COMT (p = 0,009). Os resultados do microarranjos relacionaram a resposta terapêutica ao clopidogrel com os genes CA2, MKRN1, ABCC3 e MBP seguido dos genes NFIA e IGF1R para a resposta ao AAS. Concluindo que o estudo farmacogenômico apresentou todo o seu potencial para relacionar variáveis como resposta, concentração farmacológica plasmática, SNPs e expressão global de RNAm, possibilitando assim compreender melhor a variação no tratamento antiagregante. / This study investigated the pharmacogenomics profile of 338 patients under antiplatelet therapy. Patients undergoing pretreatment with ASA (100 mg/day) and clopidogrel (75mg/day) for at least five days prior to coronary angioplasty. Individuals with response <30% of PRU (P2RY12 reaction unit) were considering non responder for clopidogrel and >550 of ARU (aspirin reaction unit), were considered as non responders for ASA. Plasma concentrations of the antiagregation drugs were determined by liquid chromatography followed mass spectrometry of triple quadrupole detection (LC-MS/MS). The rate of inhibition of platelet aggregation was measured using the VerifyNow® system. The global gene expression of total cells in blood was assessed by DNA microarray technology Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Genotypic characteristics of the patients were also evaluated by the Sequenom® system. Thus it was possible to obtain results such as identification of 64% and 10% for patients non responders to clopidogrel and aspirin respectively, and for the first could identify the association of this response to variables such as diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.011) and smoking (p = 0.041) for clopidogrel and sex and age in relation to response to ASA (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004, respectively). The method of simultaneous quantification of clopidogrel and its major metabolite of AS (metabolite of ASA), had quantification limits between 200 to 500 ng/mL 2000-2000 ng/mL and 20 to 2000 ng/mL, respectively. The association study found a significant grating presence of SNPs present in genes CYP5A1 (rs2299890) and CYP2C19 (rs4244285 and rs3758580), with the variation in the response to clopidogrel, obtaining a corrected p value by permutation test below 0.001. As well, a weak association of variation in the response of ASA with the SNP rs9605030 of the gene COMT (p = 0.009). The results of microarray related therapeutic response to clopidogrel with genes CA2, MKRN1, ABCC3 and MBP followed by NFIA and IGF1R genes for response to ASA. Concluding that the pharmacogenomics study showed its potential to relate variables such as response, plasma drug concentration, SNPs and global expression of mRNA, thus enabling better understand the variation in antiplatelet treatment.
2

Análise farmacogenômica de pacientes submetidos à dupla antiagregação plaquetária / Pharmacogenomics analysis of patients undergoing double platelet antiagregation

André Ducati Luchessi 11 August 2011 (has links)
O presente estudo avaliou o perfil farmacogenômico de 338 pacientes, sob terapia antiagregante. Os pacientes foram submetidos a tratamento prévio com AAS (100mg/dia) e clopidogrel (75mg/dia) por no mínimo cinco dias antes da angioplastia coronária. Os indivíduos com resposta considerada indesejada <30% de inibição de PRU (do inglês, P2RY12 Reaction Unit) para clopidogrel e >550 ARU (do inglês, Aspirin Reaction Unit), foram considerados como não respondedores. As concentrações plasmáticas dos antiagregantes foram determinadas por cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massa do tipo triploquadrupolo (LC-MS/MS). A taxa da inibição da agregação plaquetária foi medida utilizando-se o sistema VerifyNow®. A expressão gênica global das células totais do sangue periférico foi avaliada pela tecnologia de microarranjos de DNA Human Exon ST 1.0 Array. Características genotípicas dos pacientes também foram avaliadas pelo sistema Sequenom®. Assim, foi possível obter como resultados a identificação de 64% e 10% para pacientes não respondedores ao clopidogrel e AAS respectivamente, sendo que para o primeiro foi possível identificar a associação desta não resposta a variáveis clínicas como diabetes (p = 0,003), hipertensão (p = 0,011) e hábito de fumar (p = 0,041) e sexo (p = 0,022) e idade dos pacientes (p = 0,004) em relação à resposta ao AAS. O método de quantificação simultânea do clopidogrel, seu metabólito majoritário e do AS (metabólito do AAS), apresentou limites de quantificação entre de 2 a 500 ng/mL, 2 a 2000 ng/mL e de 20 a 2000 ng/mL, respectivamente. O estudo de associação encontrou uma relação significante da presença dos SNPs presentes nos genes CYP5A1 (rs2299890) e CYP2C19 (rs4244285 e rs3758580), com a variação na resposta ao clopidogrel, obtendo um valor de p corrigido pelo teste de permutação inferior a 0,001. Como também, uma fraca associação da variação na resposta do AAS com o SNP rs9605030 do gene COMT (p = 0,009). Os resultados do microarranjos relacionaram a resposta terapêutica ao clopidogrel com os genes CA2, MKRN1, ABCC3 e MBP seguido dos genes NFIA e IGF1R para a resposta ao AAS. Concluindo que o estudo farmacogenômico apresentou todo o seu potencial para relacionar variáveis como resposta, concentração farmacológica plasmática, SNPs e expressão global de RNAm, possibilitando assim compreender melhor a variação no tratamento antiagregante. / This study investigated the pharmacogenomics profile of 338 patients under antiplatelet therapy. Patients undergoing pretreatment with ASA (100 mg/day) and clopidogrel (75mg/day) for at least five days prior to coronary angioplasty. Individuals with response <30% of PRU (P2RY12 reaction unit) were considering non responder for clopidogrel and >550 of ARU (aspirin reaction unit), were considered as non responders for ASA. Plasma concentrations of the antiagregation drugs were determined by liquid chromatography followed mass spectrometry of triple quadrupole detection (LC-MS/MS). The rate of inhibition of platelet aggregation was measured using the VerifyNow® system. The global gene expression of total cells in blood was assessed by DNA microarray technology Human Exon 1.0 ST Array. Genotypic characteristics of the patients were also evaluated by the Sequenom® system. Thus it was possible to obtain results such as identification of 64% and 10% for patients non responders to clopidogrel and aspirin respectively, and for the first could identify the association of this response to variables such as diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.011) and smoking (p = 0.041) for clopidogrel and sex and age in relation to response to ASA (p = 0.022 and p = 0.004, respectively). The method of simultaneous quantification of clopidogrel and its major metabolite of AS (metabolite of ASA), had quantification limits between 200 to 500 ng/mL 2000-2000 ng/mL and 20 to 2000 ng/mL, respectively. The association study found a significant grating presence of SNPs present in genes CYP5A1 (rs2299890) and CYP2C19 (rs4244285 and rs3758580), with the variation in the response to clopidogrel, obtaining a corrected p value by permutation test below 0.001. As well, a weak association of variation in the response of ASA with the SNP rs9605030 of the gene COMT (p = 0.009). The results of microarray related therapeutic response to clopidogrel with genes CA2, MKRN1, ABCC3 and MBP followed by NFIA and IGF1R genes for response to ASA. Concluding that the pharmacogenomics study showed its potential to relate variables such as response, plasma drug concentration, SNPs and global expression of mRNA, thus enabling better understand the variation in antiplatelet treatment.
3

Évaluation de l’utilité des technologies destinées à l’évaluation de la résistance physiologique aux antiplaquettaires en laboratoire.

Blais, Normand 08 1900 (has links)
Introduction : L’effet biologique variable de l’aspirine a été attribué à un état de résistance pharmacologique. L’incidence de cette « résistance » varie selon la population ou la technologie étudiée. Méthodes : Nous avons déterminé la performance de 5 techniques évaluant l’effet de l’aspirine chez des sujets sains, non fumeurs et ne prenant aucune médication pouvant interférer avec la fonction plaquettaire. Des spécimens de sang et d’urine ont été obtenus avant et après 8-10 jours de prise de 80 mg d’aspirine. Résultats: Chez 45 sujets de 19-59 ans, la sensibilité (SE), la spécificité (SP), et la valeur optimale de coupure (CO) pour détecter l’effet de l’aspirine sont : agrégométrie par transmission optique induite avec 1,6 mM d’acide arachidonique (ATO-AA) - SE 100%, SP 95,9%, CO 20%; ATO-ADP 10 μM - SE 84,4%, SP 77,7%, CO 70%; VerifyNow® Aspirin - SE 100%, SP 95,6%, CO 550 ARU; agrégation en tube - SE 82,2%, SP 86,7%, CO 55%; TEG® - SE 82,9%, SP 75,8%, CO 90%; et le dosage de 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 urinaire - SE 62,2%, SP 82,2%, CO 60 pg/ml. Conclusions: La résistance à l’aspirine chez les sujets sains définie par ATO-AA et VerifyNow® Aspirin est rare. Puisque les autres techniques étudiées discriminent de façon sous optimale l’effet de l’aspirine, leur utilité dans la définition de la résistance pharmacologique à l’aspirine semble marginale. Ces résultats suggèrent qu’une proportion de la variabilité de l’incidence rapportée de “résistance à l’aspirine” est artefactuelle et reliée aux limitations technologiques de certaines analyses. / Background: Variable biological effect of aspirin is suggested to be related to pharmacological resistance. The incidence of this so-called “resistant” state varies with the study population and the assay used. Methods: We determined performance features of five assays used to assess aspirin effects in non smoking healthy volunteers not taking any drug known to interfere with platelet function. Blood and urine samples were obtained immediately before and after 8-10 days of aspirin 80 mg intake. Results: Forty-five participants 19-59 years old were enrolled. The sensitivity (SE), specificity (SP), and optimal cut-off (CO) value to detect the effect of aspirin were: light transmission aggregometry (LTA) with 1.6 mM arachidonic acid - SE 100%, SP 95.9%, CO 20%; LTA with ADP 10 μM - SE 84.4%, SP 77.7%, CO 70%; VerifyNow® Aspirin - SE 100%, SP 95.6%, CO 550 ARU; platelet count drop - SE 82.2%, SP 86.7%, CO 55%; TEG® - SE 82.9%, SP 75.8%, CO 90%; and urinary 11-dehydrothromboxane B2 levels - SE 62.2%, SP 82.2%, CO 60 pg/ml. Conclusions: Aspirin resistance in normal individuals as defined by arachidonic acid-induced LTA and the VerifyNow® assay is rare. Because the other assays discriminate suboptimally aspirin effect, they should not be used to define pharmacological “aspirin resistance”. These results suggest that a proportion of the variability in the reported incidence of aspirin resistance is artefactual and related to technical limitations of some assays.
4

Évaluation de l’utilité des technologies destinées à l’évaluation de la résistance physiologique aux antiplaquettaires en laboratoire

Blais, Normand 08 1900 (has links)
No description available.

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