Abstract: There were 75 families, 119 genera and 182 species of ichthyoplankton found in the adjacent areas of Kaohsiung and Liuchiu Yu Island. Fifty families, 82 genera and 111 species were collected in the surface waters, and 37 families, 54 genera and 68 species were collected in oblique tows to 100m with an open 1 m net, while 41 families, 48 genera and 73 species were collected by a multiple opening-closing net. Engraulis japonicus was the most dominant species, and was found all year round; other dominant species included coastal fish species (Apogonidae and Pomacentridae), anadromous species (Scombridae), oceanic species (Engraulidae and Myctophidae), and demersal species (Gobiidae). There were only 3 species of ichthyoplankton belonging to 3 genera and 2 families found in the Tapong Bay, all these species are benthic species. The coastal waters of Kaohsiung and Liuchiu Yu Island might be influenced both by the river and the topography of Kaping Trench, and thus the hydrological conditions of this area were more complex, and the ichthyoplankton was more diverse. On the other hand, the hydrological conditions of the semi-closed Tapong Bay changed less than that of the estuary of Kaoping river, thus the species composition of larval fish was simple and less diverse. Overall, the highest abundance of the ichthyoplankton in the adjacent areas of Kaohsiung and Liuchiu Yu Island was found in the wet season(June), with an average of 108¡Ó 116 ind./100 m3. E. japonicus was the most abundant in February, revealed that might be the breeding season of this species. Other dominant species (eg. Bregmaceros japonica and Tridentiger sp.) also showed significant seasonal variation. Higher abundance of ichthyoplankton was usually found in the entrance of Kaohsiung first harbor(St.1) and the estuary of Kaoping river(ie. St.4~6). No significant diel vertical migration of the ichthyoplankton was observed in this study. Most ichthyoplankton were found in the water column above 100 m during both day and night.

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between vertical teaming in science and student achievement. This study compared student achievement of campuses implementing vertical teaming with schools that do not practice vertical teaming. In addition, this study explored the relationship between selected demographic variables and vertical teaming using Grade 5 Science TAKS results in the Academic Excellence Indicator System (AEIS). Campus demographic variables such as economically disadvantaged, minority students, English language learners, student mobility, and experienced teachers were researched. A call-out yielded 168 responses. With the exclusion of the 12 campuses, a total of 156 participating campuses from 18 traditional school districts remained. Campuses employing vertical teaming were self-identified on the basis of having implemented the process for two or more years. The gain in percent mastered for Science TAKS scores from 2004 to 2007 was used as the Science TAKS score variable. Results indicated that there was no significant difference in student achievement in science for campuses practicing vertical teaming and campuses that did not. The twoway ANOVA was used to measure the relationship between the independent variables (vertical teaming and campus demographic variables) on the dependent variable (student achievement on Science TAKS). The results suggested that campuses having low percentages of economically disadvantaged students statistically gained more on the Science TAKS than campuses that have high percentages of economically disadvantaged students irrespective of vertical teaming practices. In addition, campuses that have low percentages of minority students statistically gained more on the Science TAKS than campuses that have high percentages of minority students despite vertical teaming participation. Recommendations include districts, state, and federal agencies providing campuses with a high percent of economically disadvantaged students with more resources and more flexibility in using those resources. Recommendations for further study included a replication of the study that takes into account the degree of implementation of vertical teaming.

Abstract The purpose of this thesis is to design and fabricate optical waveguide reflectors by using vertical mirror reflector. In order to reflect the incident optical mode of multi-mode interference coupler, we fabricate the etched vertical reflective mirror surface with dry etch processes. We used the design of etched vertical mirror surfaces to bend the incident optical mode, and changed the length of multi-mode interference coupler for the power splitting ratio and high power output. In order to make total internal reflection in vertical reflective mirror, we used ICP-RIE dry etching process to fabricate vertical and smooth mirror. In this part of design the semiconductor optical filter, we design the 90o vertical mirror reflector and the length of MMI by using a 2¡Ñ2 multi-mode interference coupler to get the power splitter with coupling coefficient. We comprise the ring resonator by two vertical mirror reflector and bended waveguide to displace the cleaved of Fabry-Perot resonator in tradition. In fabrication process, we using dry etching (ICP-RIE) process that is the plasma system high density in all part of this paper. first, we defined the device pattern by using photo-lithography technique in our sample . Second, we etched ridge waveguide by using dry etching ICP-RIE method. In order to decrease the scattering loss, we deep etched bended waveguide and the reflector. Then, we etched the reflector mirror by ICP-RIE dry etching process to get smoother surface. Finally, we used polyimide to flatten the sides of the ridge waveguide and evaporated metal electrode. In the device characteristic, we get the waveguide loss in 35.68dB by Fabry-Perot resonator and a power splitter with 85 percent and 15 percent output. Finally, we could get a transmission frequency about 81GHz from optical transmission spectrum in the filter device.

Indoor living wall is a newly developed greening technology that make use of facade to green the interior side of building. Owing to the limited land space in Hong Kong, indoor living wall becomes a new greening alternative in the urban area. Currently, there are three common types of systems: Felt, modular and trellis. Although outdoor living wall is more popular, indoor type is gaining more popularity as it can bring certain environmental benefits to building occupants. However, the construction and operations of indoor living wall will also cause damage to the environment. Under this circumstances, it is important to evaluate the environmental benefits and drawbacks of different indoor living wall systems and thus to find out the most beneficial one. The methodologies used in this study includes literature review, life cycle assessment (LCA), questionnaire and a technical visit. Through studying the literature, the current development and the knowledge gap is identified. This method is also used for summarizing the air purification ability of indoor plants and the living wall. After gaining the fundamental knowledge of the topics, LCA will be conducted to assess the environmental damage of resources, human health and ecosystem. The modular and felt systems under different disposal scenarios will be compared. The LCA results show that modular system has more benefits than the felt system. Also, using recycled material and disposal method is more environmentally friendly than landfills. Afterwards, technical visits to Exchange Tower and IFC 1 is carried out to find out the difficulties encountered during the operation of the living wall. Finally, an online survey is launched which aims at collecting public attitude towards implementation of the indoor living wall as well as how the system affects their psycho. The public shows a supportive attitude for the implementation of system, and they do think the system can help them to reduce stress and pressure. Recommendations are made for the design considerations and the way to enhance benefits. The suggestions on planning and environmental performance of indoor living wall are summarized in the form of checklists. / published_or_final_version / Environmental Management / Master / Master of Science in Environmental Management

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An important consideration for the successful design of flexible pavement systems in Texas is the prediction and control of the vertical change in height of the subgrade soils due to swelling upon wetting and shrinkage upon drying. The purpose of this study was two-fold. The first objective was to measure the volume change characteristics of clayey subgrade soils from the SH130 corridor in Texas through a suction based approach using the pressure plate. The second goal was to test the effects of treating the soils with the EcSS-3000 chemical stabilizer and lime on controlling the vertical movement and moisture susceptibility. Recent research studies have indicated that the suction compression index, γh, is the parameter that has the most significant direct influence on the amount of vertical movement taking place in expansive soils. The results indicate a 40-50 % reduction in the average γh values and a similar magnitude of reduction in combined swell and shrink potential. Further, the resilient modulus (Mr) of representative samples was compared prior to and after treatment separately with 6% hydrated lime and EcSS-3000. The purpose of measuring the Mr of the soils was to analyze the moisture susceptibility of the soils and to study the effects of subgrade stabilization on performance of typical pavement systems against the common distresses using the ME-PDG software tool. Also, the contribution of the expansive soils to pavement roughness was measured in terms of loss of serviceability (ΔPSI) using the measured Mr and vertical movement values. The analysis indicate a significant reduction in drop of Mr values of the lime and EcSS-3000 treated soils and a marked improvement in cracking and subgrade rutting characteristics of the pavements. An average reduction in ΔPSI of the pavements by 0.2 to 0.3 points was observed on the stabilized soils. This study on expansive subgrades and the associated effects of ionic stabilization have yielded the information necessary as guidance for dealing with relevant engineering problems due to expansive soils.

No description available.

Thesis (doctoral)--Freie Universität Berlin, 2004. / Title from cover. "Dezember 2004"--P. [2] of cover. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 103-113). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (doctoral)--Université de Rennes, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 186-202). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Michigan, 1959.