Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T20:19:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2006-Marcos Aurelio Campos de Queiroz.pdf: 479215 bytes, checksum: da501a36f5b471686739cc04b11bafad (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-08 / This work aims to study legal entities with up to four professionals, located in Downtown Rio de Janeiro, and acting at four services segments selected in the Economic Activities National Classification (CNAE): Financial Intermediation, Computing Activities and Related Services, Services Specially Rendered to Other Enterprises and Recreative, Cultural and Sportive Activities. The research characterizes the profile of these legal entities, observing their dynamics and acting logics, from the reporting supplied by the Central Register of Enterprises (CEMPRE) of Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The random stratified sampling was selected by Excel for Windows software, and a questionnaire was elaborated to collect data so as to register the opening reasons of these legal entities, experience level of consulted professionals, business maintenance difficulties, means of rendering services, type of clients and professional performance motivation in the near future. The study shows the context of the recent economics trajectory of Rio de Janeiro, discusses the changes in the labor market which resulted in job offer decrease, the service sector characteristics and their importance in the contemporary world, entrepreneurship characteristics, the importance of very small and small businesses and the opening of legal entities as an alternative for professional performance. From the assessment of the data acquired through the research questionnaire and observations done during the investigation, there is a descriptive analysis of the present reality of each of the four researched services segments, and the motivation behind the opening of legal entities and their maintenance, either as a result of entrepreneurship spirit of the professionals and/or their adaptation to the present reality of the labor market. The study reveals a high instability of the researched legal entities, indicating that the high number of new units opening as a result of the involved professional's entrepreneurship spirit, as an adapting movement of these professionals to the scarcity of formal labor market vacancy, which has been accentuated in the last years. It has been noticed that the opening of legal entities is a means used by entrepreneurs in order to legalize their activities and to act in the formal economy, which confirms the predominance of the so-called entrepreneurship by necessity , as it is the most common modality of entrepreneurship in Brazil. / Este trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as pessoas jur?dicas com at? quatro profissionais, localizadas no Centro do munic?pio do Rio de Janeiro e atuantes em quatro segmentos de servi?os selecionados na Classifica??o Nacional de Atividades Econ?micas (CNAE): Intermedia??o Financeira, Atividades de Inform?tica e Servi?os Relacionados, Servi?os Prestados Principalmente ?s Empresas e Atividades Recreativas, Culturais e Desportivas. A pesquisa caracteriza o perfil destas pessoas jur?dicas, observando sua din?mica e l?gica de funcionamento, a partir da rela??o fornecida pelo Cadastro Central de Empresas (CEMPRE) do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estat?stica (IBGE). A amostra aleat?ria estratificada foi selecionada atrav?s do software Excel for Windows, e para a coleta de dados foi elaborado um question?rio, visando o registro dos motivos de abertura das pessoas jur?dicas, o n?vel de experi?ncia dos profissionais consultados, dificuldade de manuten??o do neg?cio, meios utilizados de presta??o de servi?os, o tipo de clientes e a motiva??o para atua??o profissional no futuro pr?ximo. O estudo contextualiza a trajet?ria econ?mica recente do Rio de Janeiro, discute as altera??es ocorridas no mercado de trabalho que resultaram na diminui??o da oferta de empregos, as caracter?sticas do setor de servi?os e sua import?ncia no mundo contempor?neo, as caracter?sticas do empreendedorismo, a import?ncia das micro e pequenas empresas e abertura de pessoas jur?dicas enquanto alternativa para atua??o profissional. A partir do processamento dos dados coletados por meio do question?rio de pesquisa e de constata??es feitas durante o trabalho de pesquisa, ? apresentada uma an?lise descritiva da realidade atual de cada um dos quatro segmentos de servi?os pesquisados, e discutida a motiva??o para abertura e manuten??o das pessoas jur?dicas, seja por esp?rito empreendedor destes profissionais e/ou por adapta??o ? realidade atual do mercado de trabalho. O estudo revela uma elevada instabilidade das pessoas jur?dicas pesquisadas, indicando que o elevado n?mero de abertura de novas unidades ? resultado tanto do esp?rito empreendedor dos profissionais envolvidos, quanto de um movimento de adapta??o destes profissionais ? escassez de vagas no mercado de trabalho formal, que tem se acentuado nos ?ltimos anos. Foi observado que a abertura de pessoas jur?dicas ? um recurso utilizado para atua??o dos empreendedores no sentido de legalizar suas atividades e atuar na economia formal, sendo confirmada a predomin?ncia do chamado empreendedorismo por necessidade , tal qual ? a modalidade de empreendedorismo mais comum no Brasil.

La croissance du secteur informel en Algérie fait de celui-ci une composante structurelle de l’économie. Les controverses, déjà anciennes, sur son rôle (dynamique, marginal, parasitaire) se poursuivent et témoignent de la complexité du phénomène. L’objet de notre thèse consiste à analyser le secteur informel en Algérie, selon la définition du BIT, afin de comprendre s’il s’agit d’un secteur dynamique ou d’un secteur de subsistance. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé une enquête représentative auprès d’un échantillon de 522 ménages dans la wilaya de Bejaia, soit près de 1000 actifs occupés. L’analyse en coupe instantanée des données de l’enquête, grâce à l’analyse factorielle des correspondances multiples et la régression logistique, a permis de cerner les caractéristiques saillantes des actifs (salariés et non salariés) du secteur informel et d’établir ainsi différentes typologies (informels purs vs. informels hybrides ; travailleuses à domicile couturières, sous-traitantes de pro duits alimentaires et prestataires de services) qui témoignent de son hétérogénéité (diversité des activités et des acteurs, degrés d’informalité variables, différenciation des revenus). L’analyse de la mobilité socioprofessionnelle des actifs informels met en évidence l’existence au sein du secteur informel d’une forte mobilité intra-sectorielle ascendante et une segmentation entre les micro-entrepreneurs non mobiles et les micro-entrepreneurs mobiles. Globalement, la faiblesse du capital humain, le faible niveau des revenus ainsi que la faiblesse des liens avec le reste de l’économie, tout en confortant la thèse de la segmentation entre les deux secteurs (formel et informel) et au sein du secteur informel lui-même, accréditent l’existence d’un secteur informel de subsistance. / The growing informal sector in Algeria has become a structural component of the economy. The old controversies on its role (dynamic, marginal or parasitic) are still going on and account for the complexity of the phenomenon. The subject matter of our thesis is to analyze the informal sector in Algeria, according to the ILO’s definition, in order to understand whether it is a dynamic or a subsistence sector. In this connection, we conducted a representative survey on a sample of 522 households in the wilaya of Bejaia, i.e. nearly 1000 employed workers. The cross-section analysis of the data, thanks to multivariate analysis (multiple correspondences) and the logistic regression, has identified the salient features of employees and self-employed of the informal sector. Thus, we distinguished various types (pure informal vs. hybrid informal; seamstresses, food sub-contractors and service providers homeworkers), which reflect its heterogeneity as regards the diversity of activitie s and actors, varying degrees of informality and income differentiation. The analysis of the informal workers’ mobility highlights strong intra-sectoral upward mobility within the informal sector and the segmentation between non-mobile and mobile self-employed. Low human capital and low income as well as weak linkages with the overall economy support the assumption of segmentation between the two sectors (formal and informal) as well as within the informal sector itself, but emphasize the existence of a large informal subsistence sector.

This thesis investigates the database model selection process in VSEs, looking into how priorities and needs differ compared to what is proposed by existing theory in the area.  The study was conducted as a case study of a two-person company engaged in developing various applications and performing consulting tasks. Data was collected through two semi-structured interviews. The first interview aimed to understand the company's process for selecting a database model, while the second interview focused on obtaining their perspective on any differences in their selection process compared to the theoretical recommendations and suggested methodology. The purpose was to investigate the important factors involved in the process and explore why and how they deviated from what the theory proposes. The study concludes that VSEs have different priorities compared to larger enterprises. Factors like transaction amount does not have to be considered much at the scale of a VSE. It is more important to look into the total cost of the database solution, including making sure that the selected technology is sufficiently efficient to use in development and relatively easy to maintain. Regarding selection methodology it was concluded that the time investment required to decide what is the best available database solution can be better spent elsewhere in the enterprise, and finding a good enough solution to get the wheels of the ground is likely a more profitable aim.