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31	Valor prognóstico de marcadores imunohistoquímicos em mastocitomas cutâneos caninos / Prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers in canine cutaneous mast cell tumors Freytag, Jennifer Ostrand 22 February 2017 (has links) O mastocitoma (MCT) é um dos tumores mais frequentes em cães, compreendendo de 16 a 21% de todas as neoplasias cutâneas nesta espécie. A graduação histológica é considerada o padrão ouro na avaliação prognóstica dos MCTs, porém seu comportamento biológico variado ressalta a necessidade de métodos complementares para uma avaliação precisa. Atualmente, identifica-se na literatura indexada uma série de estudos propondo novos marcadores moleculares como fatores prognósticos em MCTs caninos, porém poucos estão consolidados na rotina clínica e/ou diagnóstica. Assim, este trabalho teve como objetivo principal investigar o valor prognóstico de marcadores imunohistoquímicos publicados em artigos científicos através de uma revisão sistemática e meta-análise, assim como avaliar o valor prognóstico do fator de crescimento do endotélio vascular (VEGF) em MCTs caninos. O processo de revisão sistemática se iniciou com 124 estudos identificados em 5 bases de dados e, após a aplicação dos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 7 artigos foram selecionados para a meta-análise. Os resultados demonstraram que o marcador de proliferação celular Ki67 pode ser considerado um bom fator prognóstico nos MCTs caninos. Porém, a baixa qualidade dos artigos e a insuficiência de dados publicados impossibilitaram a avaliação de outros marcadores, incluindo o receptor de tirosina quinase KIT. No estudo retrospectivo, a imunoexpressão dos marcadores KIT, Ki67 e VEGF foi avaliada em MCTs cutâneos de 43 cães. O marcador Ki67 apresentou correlação significativa com a taxa de mortalidade e sobrevida e o marcador KIT apresentou diferença significativa de sobrevida entre o padrão membranoso e citoplasmático difuso, porém não foram observadas diferenças no VEGF. Em conclusão, estes estudos validaram os marcadores de proliferação celular Ki67 e o receptor de tirosina quinase KIT como principais fatores prognósticos em MCTs caninos, enquanto o VEGF não foi indicado. Por fim, a revisão sistemática permitiu uma análise crítica da qualidade dos trabalhos publicados na área, ressaltando a importância da padronização de metodologias analíticas e da documentação completa de dados clínicos, patológicos e estatísticos empregados em estudos controlados na oncologia veterinária. / Mast cell tumor (MCT) is one of the most frequent tumors in dogs, accounting for 16 to 21% of all cutaneous tumors in this species. Histological grading is considered the standard evaluation method to access the prognostic of MCTs. However, its varied biological behavior highlights the need of complementary methods for an accurate evaluation. Currently, a number of studies proposing new molecular markers as prognostic factors in canine MCTs is identified in the indexed literature, but few are consolidated in the clinical and/or diagnostic routine. The aim of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of immunohistochemical markers published in scientific articles through a systematic review and meta-analysis, as well as to evaluate the prognostic value of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in canine MCTs. The systematic review process has started with 124 studies identified in 5 databases and, after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 7 articles were selected for the meta-analysis. The results demonstrated that the cell proliferation marker Ki67 can be considered a good prognostic factor in canine MCTs. However, poor quality of the articles and insufficient published data made it impossible to evaluate other markers, including the tyrosine kinase receptor KIT. In the retrospective study, immunoexpression of KIT, Ki67 and VEGF markers was evaluated in cutaneous MCTs from 43 dogs. The Ki67 marker showed a significant correlation with the mortality and survival rates, and the KIT marker showed a significant difference in survival between the membranous and diffuse cytoplasmic patterns groups, but no differences were observed in VEGF. In conclusion, these studies validated the cell proliferation marker Ki67 and the KIT tyrosine kinase receptor as major prognostic factors in canine MCTs, whereas VEGF was not indicated. Finally, the systematic review allowed a critical analysis of the quality of the published studies in this area, emphasizing the importance of the standardization of analytical methodologies and the complete documentation of clinical, pathological and statistical data used in controlled studies in veterinary oncology. cães dogs fatores prognósticos immunohistochemical markers marcadores imunohistoquímicos mast cell tumor mastocitoma meta-análise meta-analysis oncologia veterinária prognostic factors revisão sistemática systematic review VEGF VEGF veterinary oncology
32	Evaluation of valosin containing protein (P97) as a cancer biomaker in canine lymphomas Filimon, Sabin Dragos 08 1900 (has links) Le lymphome est l'une des tumeurs les plus communes tant chez le chien que l’humain. Chaque année, un nombre important de chiens développe ce cancer agressif. La majorité décédant un an suivant le diagnostic. Le lymphome canin est maintenant identifié comme un excellent modèle de recherche pour la tumeur chez l'homme, particulièrement en ce qui concerne la biologie moléculaire de la maladie. En conséquence, la recherche sur le lymphome canin sera bénéfique non seulement pour les chiens mais aussi pour l’oncologie humaine. Parmi les méthodes diagnostiques de choix pour dépister de façon hâtive le lymphome se trouve la mesure de marqueurs tumoraux. Ceci a l’avantage d’être peu invasive, simple et peu dispendieuse. Ainsi, dans le but d’évaluer la protéine VCP (valosin containing protein) comme biomarqueur tumoral dans les lymphomes canins à cellules B et T, nous avons évalué la protéine VCP par immunobuvardage sur sérums et tissus tumoraux de chiens atteints et par immunohistochimie sur des tumeurs de haut grade, grade intermédiaire et bas grade. Pour mieux définir l’expression de VCP dans les cellules cancéreuses, nous avons également examiné par immunobuvardage les niveaux de VCP dans 3 lignées cellulaires: CLBL-1, CL-1, et 17-71. Il s’avère que les lymphomes à cellules B de haut grade avaient une élévation significative du taux de VCP comparé aux tumeurs de bas grade (P < 0,05). De même, une accumulation importante de VCP a également été détectée dans les lignées tumorales comparées aux cellules mononucléaires du sang périphérique (P < 0,05). D’autre part, le taux sérique de VCP est resté similaire à ceux des chiens normaux. Ces résultats suggèrent une corrélation entre le taux de VCP et le degré de malignité des lymphomes à cellules B. En conclusion, la protéine VCP doit faire l’objet d’une évaluation approfondie pour déterminer son utilité comme marqueur pronostique. / Lymphoma is one of the common malignancies in both dogs and humans. Annually, an important number of canine patients develop this aggressive cancer and a majority succumbs to the disease within one year. In recent years, canine lymphoma has been increasingly recognized as an excellent model for the disease in humans, especially with regards to the molecular biology of the disease. Consequently, research targeted at canine lymphoma benefits not only dogs but the field of human oncology as well. Among the most desirable diagnostic and screening tests for lymphoma is the measurement of cancer biomarkers. They have the advantage of being minimally invasive, simple, and inexpensive. Thus, with the aim of evaluating valosin containing protein (VCP) as a cancer biomarker in canine B and T-cell lymphomas, we first performed western blots on sera and tumor tissue of dogs with lymphoma and then immunohistochemical analysis on low, intermediate and high-grade tumors. To further determine VCP expression in cancer cells, we also examined VCP levels by immunoblotting in 3 tumor cell lines: CLBL-1, CL-1, and 17-71. High-grade B-cell lymphomas had significantly increased levels of VCP compared to low-grade tumors (P < 0.05). Additionally, we detected a corresponding accumulation of VCP in tumor cells lines compared to peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) (P < 0.05). In contrast, VCP levels were not elevated in sera of dogs with lymphoma compared to healthy controls. These results suggest that VCP positively correlates with malignancy in canine B-cell lymphomas. We conclude that VCP merits further investigation to determine its potential as a clinically useful prognosis biomarker for canine B-cell lymphoma. La proteine VCP Marqueurs tumoraux Lymphome canine Lymphome à cellules B Oncologie vétérinaire Chien Tumeur maligne Valosin containing protein (p97) Cancer biomarker Canine Lymphoma B-cell lymphoma Veterinary oncology Dog Malignancy
33	Analyse génétique du cancer du mammaire chez le rat: étude de lignées congéniques Piessevaux, Géraldine 03 July 2008 (has links) \ / Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished Sciences exactes et naturelles Biologie Veterinary genetics Veterinary oncology Breast -- Cancer Cancer in animals Rats -- Diseases -- Genetic aspects Génétique vétérinaire Cancérologie vétérinaire Sein -- Cancer Cancer chez les animaux Rats -- Maladies -- Aspect génétique Génétique lignée congénique rattus norvegicus cancer
34	Clients' Service Expectations and Practitioners' Treatment Recommendations in Veterinary Oncology Stoewen, Debbie Lynn 18 May 2012 (has links) Service provision in veterinary oncology in Ontario was examined using a mixed methods approach. First, an interview-based qualitative study explored the service expectations of oncology clients at a tertiary referral centre. Next, a survey-based quantitative study established an understanding of oncology service in primary care practice and investigated the treatment recommendations of practitioners for dogs diagnosed with cancer. The first study, which involved 30 individual and dyadic interviews, identified “uncertainty” (attributable to the unpredictable nature of cancer and its treatment) as an overarching psychological feature of clients’ experience. Consequently, “the communication of information” (both content and process) was the foremost service expectation. For clients, it enabled confidence in the service, the ability to make informed patient care decisions, and preparedness for the potential outcomes of those decisions; it also contributed to creating a humanistic environment, which enhanced client resiliency. Findings suggest that services can support client efforts to manage uncertainty through strategic design and delivery of service, and incorporate intentional communication strategies to support clients’ psychological fortitude in managing the cancer journey. The second study, a vignette-based survey of primary care practitioners across Ontario (N=1071) which investigated veterinarian decision-making in relation to oncology care, determined that 56% of practitioners recommended referral as their first choice of intervention, while 28% recommended palliative care, 13% in-clinic treatment, and 3% euthanasia. Recommendations were associated with patient, client and veterinarian factors. Specifically, referral and treatment were recommended for younger dogs, healthier dogs, and dogs with lymphoma versus osteosarcoma; for strongly bonded clients, and financially secure clients; and by veterinarians who graduated from a North American college, had experience with treating cancer, felt confident in the referral centre, and believed treatment was worthwhile, with variation in relation to practitioner gender and the type of medicine practiced. The human-animal bond appeared to be the primary factor associated with practitioners’ advocacy for quality of medical care for patients. Through a blend of qualitative and quantitative methodologies, this thesis contributes to the evidence upon which best practices may be built so as to enhance the quality of patient and client care in veterinary oncology. / Ontario Veterinary College Pet Trust Fund 049406 and 049854 client expectations treatment recommendations veterinary oncology practitioner service expectations qualitative research quantitative research thematic analysis vignette-based vignette-based inquiry full factorial experiment vignette-based research specialty oncology service primary care practice veterinary client logistic regression analysis uncertainty client uncertainty interview cancer cancer care canine cancer lymphoma osteosarcoma veterinary communication communication communication skills information content and process veterinary cancer care Ontario survey questionnaire referral euthanasia in-clinic treatment palliative care quality of care quality of medical care illness uncertainty service provision oncology epidemiology tertiary referral centre social epidemilogy veterinary epidemiology client well-being human-animal bond practitioner attitude best practice information preferences preparatory information cancer journey communication process continuity of care clinical decision making decision making practice variation adaptation

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