The aim of this thesis is to investigate the use of a Dynamic Vibration Absorber to control vibration in a beam. Traditional means of vibration control have involved the use of passive and more recently, active methods. This study is different in that it involves an adaptive component in the design of vibration absorber using two novel designs for the adaptive mechanism. The first design incorporates the use of an enclosed air volume to provide the variable stiffness component in the absorber. By adjusting the volume of compressible air within the absorber, the stiffness characteristics of the absorber can be altered, enabling the device to adapt to changing vibration frequencies. Work here includes a theoretical investigation of the device. Following this, two prototypes are constructed and tested, the second of which is the refined model used for further testing. The second design incorporates the use of two concentrated masses cantilevered from two rods. The adaptive solution is achieved by moving the two masses along the length of the rod, producing a changing natural frequency for the absorber device. An analytical model of this device is developed as well as a finite element model. Results from both are compared to those obtained experimentally. Finally, a tuning algorithm is derived for the second absorber, and a control system constructed to make the dynamic vibration absorber "adaptive". Experiments are undertaken to determine the effectiveness of the absorber on the beam subject to changing excitation frequencies. The outcome of this research is that an Adaptive Vibration Absorber has been constructed with a computer interface such that the device can be used "on line". / Thesis (M.Eng.Sc.)--Mechanical Engineering, 1999.

Tuned vibration absorbers (TVAs) are spring-mass-damper devices used to mini-mize energy in a vibrating body. TVAs decrease in efficiency when the vibrating body is subjected to variable, broadband, or random excitation. A state-switched absorber (SSA) can be used in these variable, broadband, or random excitation cases to more effectively reduce excitation. An SSA is a mass-spring-damper where one or more of these elements can instantaneously and discretely change. An SSA was designed, built and tested to fit the specifications for TVAs found on ATR 72 and 42 airplane fuselages. A magnetorheological elastomer (MRE), an elastomer with imbedded iron particles, was selected as a variable spring. Flux lines concentrated through all MREs in absorber configurations. MREs containing 35% iron by volume yielded the largest frequency shift. A 35% MRE based absorber had a frequency range of 45-183 Hz, which corresponds to a 360% frequency increase. Transient absorber behavior was observed by recording rise and drop times to step field intensity changes.The 35% MRE absorber yielded a 0.20 second rise time and a 0.03 second drop time. Future work will determine whether a modified input signal can generate an appropriate transient response.

Secondary structures may have to endure severe vibration amplitudes under the influence of the primary structures on which they are mounted. A series of numerical case studies are presented in this thesis to investigate the effectiveness of a passive vibration controller which combines a conventional tuned absorber with an impact damper, to attenuate the excessive vibration amplitudes of light secondary structures. In addition, experimental measurements are reported for some selective cases and comparisons are made with numerical predictions. This suggested configuration seems to suit ideally as an add-on enhancer for existing conventional absorbers. Most of the Results are presented for random white noise excitation, and a few representative transient vibration cases are also studied. / Thesis / Master of Engineering (ME)

Tuned vibration absorbers (TVA) have been discussed in literature since the early twentieth century. These devices are implemented to suppress the system's vibration by transferring energy to the absorber mass. This research examines an electromagnetic tuned vibration absorber that can have its tuned frequency altered by gap and current variation. The advantage of an adjustable TVA is that the system can be tuned to various excitation frequencies to cancel vibration. This research examines a unique embodiment using permanent magnets and an electromagnetic absorber to alter the system dynamics. The focus is to allow changes in tuned frequency to cancel system vibrations. This research develops the electromagnetic theory, presents absorber system simulations, and tests the dynamic absorber's response. The electromagnetic field is investigated to determine the field between a stationary magnet and the absorber electromagnet. This field can be numerically calculated as the superposition of four constituent fields. With the electromagnetic field determined, the force to displacement relation between the stationary magnet and the absorber electromagnet is calculated. The best fit is determined to be an inverse square relationship. Once the spring force relation is determined, the damping mechanisms are discussed and experiments proposed to isolate the different damping mechanisms. In the simulations, it is found that by having an adjustable electromagnetic TVA the natural frequency can be adjusted 2-3% with a +10 amp input and over 50% for a variable gap. The advantage of the variable gap is that it may be adjusted once and then no additional energy is needed, while the advantage of the variable current is that the system may be rapidly altered. The experiments are undertaken to test the constructed absorber for the spring and damping force. The tests confirm the spring force relation and quantify the high damping present in the tested configuration. Then the absorber system transfer functions are recorded. The absorber is then applied to a single degree of freedom system to verify its cancellation results by a gap variation. / Ph. D.

A State-Switched Absorber (SSA) is a device capable of instantaneously changing its stiffness, thus it can switch between resonance frequencies, increasing its effective bandwidth as compared to classical tuned vibration absorbers for vibration control. This dissertation considers the performance of the SSA for vibration suppression of continuous systems, specifically a beam and a plate. The SSA tuning frequencies and attachment point on the continuous body were optimized using a simulated annealing algorithm. It was found that an optimized SSA outperforms and optimized TVA at controlling vibrations of both a beam and a plate. These performance gains were also observed experimentally employing magneto-rheological elastomers to achieve a stiffness change. This dissertation also considers zero strain switching criteria and the maximum work extraction switching rule used by the SSA. The zero strain switching criteria ensures the system remains stable as no energy is added or released across a switch event. The maximum work extraction switching rule is designed to maximize the power dissipated by the absorber, but also guarantees minimization of the motion of the base to which the absorber is attached.

<p>An investigation of the steady state response of a non-linear system provided with an impact vibration absorber is made. The term non-linear in the present case refers to a system in which the spring restoring force is bi-linear./p><p> The effect of two main parameters viz. clearance d o (i.e. the free path of travel of the mass particle) and mass ratio μ = m/M (i.e. mass ratio between the mass particle and the primary system) on amplitude of vibration of the system has been investigated experimentally over a range of frequency.</p> <p>A numerical analysis of the problem is made with the aid of a digital computer to supplement the experimental results.</p> <p> It has been found that with proper choice of parameters an impact vibration absorber is effective in reducing vibration level of a nonlinear system undergoing sinusoidal excitation.</p> / Thesis / Master of Engineering (MEngr)

This work investigates the use of multi-degree of freedom (MDOF) passive and active vibration absorbers for the control of structural vibration as an improvement to conventional single degree of freedom (SDOF) vibration absorbers. An analytical model is first used to compare passive two degree of freedom (2DOF) absorbers to SDOF absorbers using point impedance as the performance criterion. The results show that one 2DOF absorber can provide the same impedance at two resonance frequencies as two SDOF absorbers for equal amounts of total mass. Experimental testing on a composite cylindrical shell supports the assertion that a 2DOF absorber can attenuate two resonance frequencies. Further modeling shows that MDOF absorbers can utilize the multiple mode shapes that correspond to their multiple resonance frequencies to couple into modes of a distributed primary system to improve the attenuation of structural resonance. By choosing the coupling positions of the MDOF absorber such that its mode shape mirrors that of the primary system, the mass of the absorber can be utilized at multiple resonance frequencies. For limited ranges of targeted resonance frequencies, this technique can result in MDOF absorbers providing attenuation equivalent to SDOF absorbers while using less mass. The advantage gained with the MDOF absorbers is dependent on the primary system. This work compares the advantage gained using the MDOF absorbers for three primary systems: MDOF lumped parameter systems, a pinned-pinned plate, and a cylindrical shell. The active vibration absorber study in this work is highly motivated by the desire to reduce structural vibration in a rocket payload fairing. Since the efficiency of acoustic foam is very poor at low frequencies, the target bandwidth was 50 to 200 Hz. A 2DOF active vibration absorber was desired to exhibit broad resonance characteristics over this frequency band. An analytical model was developed to facilitate the design of the mechanical and electrical properties of the 2DOF active vibration absorber, and is supported by experimental data. Eight active vibration absorbers were then constructed and used in a multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) feed-forward control system on a mock payload fairing under high level acoustic excitation. The results show significant levels of global attenuation within the targeted frequency band. / Master of Science

Orientador: José Manoel Balthazar / Banca: Angelo Marcelo Tusset / Banca: Bento Rodrigues de Pontes Junior / Resumo: Alves Godoy, Willians Roberto, análise de um oscilador não linear acoplado a um absorvedor tipo "snap through truss" (stta). Bauru: Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Julio de Mesquita Filho", 2011, 102 pp., Dissertação (Mestrado). Recentemente os estudos sobre os absorvedores de energia vêm ganhando importância e destaque, principalmente na indústria automobilística e aeronáutica. Esse tipo de absorvedor permite fazer o controle passivo de um sistema vibratório. Na busca por melhores resultados, verificou-se a ansiedade da utilização de absorvedores não lineares, já que estes demonstraram poder receber energia além de uma pequena faixa de freqüencia de vibração do oscilador. Neste trabalho, considera-se o sistema vibratório constituído de um controlador passivo, o absorvedor tipo "snap-through truss" (STTA) acoplado a um oscilador submetido à excitação de um motor elétrico com uma excentricidade e potência limitada, caracterizando um oscilador não ideal (NIO). Busca-se utilizar o absorvedor STTA como um absorvedor não linear, aproveitando sua não linearidade geométrica, e estabelecer condições para que as amplitudes de movimento do sistema principal se tornem menores em determinadas condições. O principal objetivo nesse trabalho é obter as condições em que as amplitudes de movimento do NIO são menores durante a passagem pela ressonância, atenuando o efeito Sommerfeld. Os resultados obtidos nessa situação mostraram que o STTA é eficiente na redução das amplitudes de movimento do NIO antes e dentro da região de ressonâcia. Em contrapartida, ao sair da ressonância ficou evidente que o absorvedor deve ser retirado do sistema por implicar grandes amplitudes ao NIO. Além disso, um breve estudo da atuação do STTA sobre um sistema... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In recent years studies on energy absorver in order to reduce some systems vibration amplitudes has been gaining importance and prominence. This type of absorber allows vibrating system passive control. In order to better results, it was verified the need to use non-lienar absorbers as these have been shown to receive power more than a small band of vibration frequency of the oscillator. This work considers the vibrating system that consists of a snap-through truss absorber (STTA) coupled to an oscillator under excitation of an electric motor with an eccentricity and limited power, characterizing a non-ideal oscillator (NIO). it is aimed to use the absorver STTA as non-linear absorber and establish the conditions for the motion amplitudes become smaller under certain conditions the mian system. Therefore, this work aims to determine the conditions in which the main system, while it passes through resonance, has attenuated its amplitude of moviment and do not waste energy working in this condition. The main objective of this work is to obtain the conditions under which amplitudes motion of NIO are smaller in the passage through resonance, reducing the Sommerfeld effect. The results obtained in this situation showed that the STTA is effectie to reduce amplitudes motion of NIO before and within region of resonance. In contrast, out of resonance, it was evident that absorber must be removed from the system by imply large amplitudes to the NIO. In addition, a brief study of the performance of STTA on an ideal system was performed. In this situation, the STTA showed significant results in the attenuation of amplitudes motion of the oscillator. Therefore, this work shows that the use of snap-through truss absorber is a good alternative among passive abserbers in attenuation of Sommerfeld effect in non-ideal systems / Mestre

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2011-12-02Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:37:42Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 godoy_wra_me_bauru.pdf: 2181363 bytes, checksum: 2a22bf1c96c4aa3286f7cf3ced444283 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Alves Godoy, Willians Roberto, análise de um oscilador não linear acoplado a um absorvedor tipo snap through truss (stta). Bauru: Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, 2011, 102 pp., Dissertação (Mestrado). Recentemente os estudos sobre os absorvedores de energia vêm ganhando importância e destaque, principalmente na indústria automobilística e aeronáutica. Esse tipo de absorvedor permite fazer o controle passivo de um sistema vibratório. Na busca por melhores resultados, verificou-se a ansiedade da utilização de absorvedores não lineares, já que estes demonstraram poder receber energia além de uma pequena faixa de freqüencia de vibração do oscilador. Neste trabalho, considera-se o sistema vibratório constituído de um controlador passivo, o absorvedor tipo snap-through truss (STTA) acoplado a um oscilador submetido à excitação de um motor elétrico com uma excentricidade e potência limitada, caracterizando um oscilador não ideal (NIO). Busca-se utilizar o absorvedor STTA como um absorvedor não linear, aproveitando sua não linearidade geométrica, e estabelecer condições para que as amplitudes de movimento do sistema principal se tornem menores em determinadas condições. O principal objetivo nesse trabalho é obter as condições em que as amplitudes de movimento do NIO são menores durante a passagem pela ressonância, atenuando o efeito Sommerfeld. Os resultados obtidos nessa situação mostraram que o STTA é eficiente na redução das amplitudes de movimento do NIO antes e dentro da região de ressonâcia. Em contrapartida, ao sair da ressonância ficou evidente que o absorvedor deve ser retirado do sistema por implicar grandes amplitudes ao NIO. Além disso, um breve estudo da atuação do STTA sobre um sistema... / In recent years studies on energy absorver in order to reduce some systems vibration amplitudes has been gaining importance and prominence. This type of absorber allows vibrating system passive control. In order to better results, it was verified the need to use non-lienar absorbers as these have been shown to receive power more than a small band of vibration frequency of the oscillator. This work considers the vibrating system that consists of a snap-through truss absorber (STTA) coupled to an oscillator under excitation of an electric motor with an eccentricity and limited power, characterizing a non-ideal oscillator (NIO). it is aimed to use the absorver STTA as non-linear absorber and establish the conditions for the motion amplitudes become smaller under certain conditions the mian system. Therefore, this work aims to determine the conditions in which the main system, while it passes through resonance, has attenuated its amplitude of moviment and do not waste energy working in this condition. The main objective of this work is to obtain the conditions under which amplitudes motion of NIO are smaller in the passage through resonance, reducing the Sommerfeld effect. The results obtained in this situation showed that the STTA is effectie to reduce amplitudes motion of NIO before and within region of resonance. In contrast, out of resonance, it was evident that absorber must be removed from the system by imply large amplitudes to the NIO. In addition, a brief study of the performance of STTA on an ideal system was performed. In this situation, the STTA showed significant results in the attenuation of amplitudes motion of the oscillator. Therefore, this work shows that the use of snap-through truss absorber is a good alternative among passive abserbers in attenuation of Sommerfeld effect in non-ideal systems

This study investigates energy harvesting characteristics from a spinning device that consists of a proof mass that is supported by two orthogonal elastic structures with the piezoelectric material. Deformation in the piezoelectric structures due to vibration of the proof mass generates voltages to power electrical loads. The governing equations for this electromechanically coupled device are derived using Newtonian mechanics and Kirchhoff's voltage law. The case where the device rotates at a constant speed and is subjected to sinusoidal base excitation is examined in detail. The energy harvesting behavior is investigated for devices with identical piezoelectric support structures (called tuned devices). Closed-form expressions are derived for the steady state response and power harvested. For nonzero rotation speeds, these devices have multifrequency dynamic response and power harvested due to the combined vibration and rotation of the host system. The average power harvested for one oscillation cycle is calculated for a wide range of operating conditions to quantify the devices' performance. Resonances do not occur for cases when the base excitation frequency is fixed and the rotation speed varies. For cases of fixed rotation speed and varying base excitation frequency, however, resonances do occur. The number and location of these resonances depend on the electrical circuit resistances and rotation speed. Resonances do not occur at speeds or frequencies predicted by resonance diagrams, which are commonly used in the study of rotating system vibration. These devices have broadband speed energy harvesting ability. They perform equally well at high and low speeds; high speeds are not necessary for their optimal performance. The impact of the chosen damping model on energy harvesting characteristics for tuned devices is investigated. Two common damping models are considered: viscous damping and structural (hysteretic) damping. Closed-form expressions for steady state dynamic response and power harvested are derived for models with viscous and structural damping. The average power harvested using the model with structural damping behaves similarly at high speeds and low speeds, and at high resistances and low resistances. For the viscous damping model, however, the average power harvested is meaningfully different at high speeds compared to low speeds, and at high resistances compared to low resistances. The characteristics of devices with nonidentical piezoelectric support structures (called mistuned devices) are investigated numerically. Similar to spinning tuned devices, mistuned devices have multifrequency dynamic response and power harvested. In contrast to tuned devices, high amplitude average power harvested occurs near speeds and base excitation frequencies predicted by resonance diagram.