Orientador: João Antonio Pereira / Banca: Gustavo Luiz Chagas Manhães de Abreu / Banca: Edson Antonio Capello Sousa / Resumo: Em muitos problemas do nosso cotidiano ocorre acoplamento entre a resposta acústica no interior de uma cavidade e a excitação estrutural em um de seus contornos flexíveis, bem como a resposta estrutural nestes contornos também está relacionada à fonte acústica da cavidade. Interior de automóveis, cabine de caminhões e fuselagem de aviões são apenas alguns exemplos práticos destes tipos de sistemas. Acoplamento implica que o comportamento dos sistemas acústico e estrutural não são independentes um do outro, e ambos devem ser considerados como um único sistema global. O propósito deste trabalho é avaliar a técnica de matrizes compactas na solução de problema de acoplamento vibroacústico em cavidades de geometria regular e irregular. Preliminarmente, a análise do acoplamento vibro-acústico é baseado no método dos elementos finitos e o conjunto de equações não simétricas que modela o movimento é discutida. A aproximação vibro-acústica por matrizes compactas é feita utilizando conceitos de impedância e mobilidade. No modelo de matrizes compactas, o acoplamento é obtido através da avaliação dos modos acústicos e estruturais desacoplados da cavidade e da estrutura flexível, respectivamente. Simulações numéricas utilizando o método dos elementos finitos e a técnica de matrizes compactas são apresentadas para modelos vibro-acústicos de geometria regular e irregular. Testes experimentais são realizados em uma cavidade irregular feita de PVC e aço. A metodologia de análise dos resultados é baseada nas FRF(s) definidas pelas relações entre a resposta em pressão acústica da cavidade e a força estrutural e entre a resposta em velocidade e a força estrutural aplicada sobre a superfície flexível. A comparação dos modelos numéricos e experimentais mostra o potencial da técnica de matrizes compactas. / Abstract: In many systems of day-life occurs the coupling between the acoustical response in a cavity and a structural excitation on a flexible boundary, whereas the structural response in this same boundary is also related to acoustical excitation source. Car interiors, cabs of trucks and aircraft fuselage are a just a few practical examples of this sort of systems. Coupling implies that the acoustical and structural system behavior is not independent from each other, and therefore they must be considered as a global system behavior. The aim of this work is to evaluate a compact matrix formulation to solve vibro-acoustic problems in regular and irregular shape cavity. Preliminary, the vibro-acoustic coupling analysis is based on finite element method and the set of non-symmetric equation that represents the movement is discussed. The compact matrix formulation approaches have been done using impedance and mobility concepts. In compact matrix model, the coupling is obtained by evaluating the uncoupled acoustic modes and structural modes of the cavity and flexible structure, respectively. Numerical simulation using the finite element method and the compact matrix formulation are shown for regular and irregular shape cavity model. Experimental tests are evaluated in an irregular rigid cavity made of PVC and steel. The results analysis methodology is based on FRF(s) defined by the relationship between the pressure acoustic response in the cavity and structural force and between the velocity response and structural force applied on the flexible boundary. The comparison of numerical and experimental models shows the potential of the compact matrix formulation. / Mestre

L’identification des efforts vibratoires agissant sur les structures et la détection des défauts à partir des mesures opérationnelles sont des sujets importants dans des projets académiques et industriels. Le choix de l’outil ou de la méthode utilisée dépend de la bande de fréquences d'étude puisqu’il existe des approches appropriées pour chaque domaine fréquentiel. Une méthode énergétique appelée la méthode énergétique simplifiée (MES) est utilisée pour prédire la répartition de la densité d'énergie vibroacoustique en moyennes et hautes fréquences. L'objectif de ce mémoire est d'étendre cette méthode pour résoudre les problèmes vibro-acoustiques inverses pour identifier d'une part les sources de vibration et d'autre part pour détecter les défauts. La formulation MES inverse (IMES) est numériquement validée pour des systèmes continus basés sur le couplage tel que le cas d’un système comportant plusieurs plaques couplées et celui d’un système composé d’une cavité acoustique couplée avec une plaque. En plus, une nouvelle méthodologie numérique est proposée, pour étendre cet outil d'identification IMES pour la détection des défauts. Une analyse paramétrique est effectuée pour le cas d’un modèle présentant des défauts afin de tester la robustesse et l’efficacité de cette approche. Finalement, une étude expérimentale est effectuée pour valider la technique IMES à fin d'identifier et localiser les charges exercées pour plusieurs cas, et détecter les défauts. / The identification of inputs forces acting on structures and the detection of defects from operating measurement have been important topics in both academic and industrial projects. The choice of the used tool or method depends on the frequency band of study since there are appropriate approaches for each frequency domain. An energetic method so called the simplified energy method (MES) is used to predict the distribution of the vibro-acoustic energy density in the medium and high frequency band. The objective of this thesis is to extend this energy method to solve inverse vibro-acoustic problems and to identify the sources of vibrations on one hand and to detect the defects on the other hand. The inverse MES formulation (IMES) is numerically validated for continuous coupling-based systems such as the case of a system composed with several coupled plates and the case of a system composed of an acoustic cavity coupled with a plate. In addition, a new numerical methodology is proposed to extend this IMES identification tool for the detection of defects. A parametric analysis is performed in the case of plate with defects in order to test the robustness and the efficiency of this approach. Finally, an experimental study is carried out to validate the IMES technique to identify and locate the input loads for several scenarios, and detecting the defects.

Ce mémoire de thèse traite la problématique des émissions vibroacoustiques dès les premières phases de conception de machines électriques dans le but de mettre en œuvre des machines robustes, fiables et surtout efficientes répondant aux contraintes dans un large domaine d’applications et spécialement pour le véhicule électrique et hybride. Ce manuscrit ne s’intéresse pas seulement à l’identification et la mise en exergue de la problématique vibroacoustique mais surtout a apporté des solutions et des éléments de réponse à certaines contraintes. La problématique vibroacoustique étant trop vaste et trop complexe, ce travail de thèse se focalise sur les aspects vibroacoustiques d’origine électromagnétiques. Pour ce faire, les méthodes de réduction de bruit sont présentées mais seules les solutions de réduction passive sont évoquées. Ces solutions se basent sur le dimensionnement et la conception par optimisation de machines électriques performantes et moins bruyantes. Cela nous ramène au cœur de ce travail qui est le développement d’outils et de modèles multi-physique réunissant les critères de généricité, rapidité, précision et facilité de couplage. Dans ce cadre, plusieurs modèles électriques, magnétiques, mécaniques, thermiques, et acoustiques sont présentés. Différentes stratégies de couplages et d’approches de modélisation sont investiguées. Des conclusions sont tirées à chaque fois en fonction des besoins pour le cas d’application. / This PhD thesis deals with the issue of vibroacoustic emissions from the first design phases of electrical machines in order to have robust, reliable and above all efficient machines that meet the constraints in a wide range of applications and especially electrical vehicles. This manuscript is not only interested in the identification and highlighting the vibroacoustic problem, but above all to brought solutions and response elements to certain constraints. Knowing that the vibroacoustic problem is too vast and complex, this thesis focuses on vibroacoustic aspects of electromagnetic origin. To do so, the methods of noise reduction are presented but only the passive reduction solutions are used. These solutions are based on the design and optimization of efficient and less noisy electrical machines. This brings us back to the core of this work, which is the development of tools and multi-physics models combining the criteria of genericity, speed, accuracy and simplicity of coupling. In this context, several electric, magnetic, mechanical, thermal and acoustic models are presented. Different coupling strategies and modeling approaches are investigated. Conclusions are drawn each time according to the needs for the application use case.