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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
1

The neural correlates of human vibrotactile working memory

Preuschhof, Claudia 08 December 2008 (has links)
Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Mechanismen und die neuronale Implementierung des taktilen Arbeitsgedächtnisses (AG) zu erleuchten. Dazu wurde eine vibrotaktile Diskriminationsaufgabe mit den Methoden der funktionellen Magnetresonanztomografie (fMRT), Elektroenzephalografie (EEG), subliminalen elektrischen Stimulation und Psychophysik untersucht. Eine fMRT-Studie (Studie I) zeigte, dass ein ausgedehntes neuronales Netzwerk mit den einzelnen Aufgabenphasen, Enkodierung, Aufrechterhaltung, und Entscheidung, verbunden ist. Die Analyse oszillatorischer EEG-Aktivität (Studie II) und die selektive Inhibition des primären somatosensorischen Kortex (S1) durch subliminale Stimulation (Studie III) legen nahe, dass S1 nicht an der Aufrechterhaltung der vibrotaktilen Gedächtnisrepräsentation beteiligt ist. Das Ausmaß der S1-Aktivierung während der frühen Haltephase hängt vielmehr von der Effizienz, mit welcher Versuchspersonen den vibrotaktilen Reiz enkodieren, ab. Außerdem weisen Studie II and III darauf hin, dass bereits der physiologische Zustand von S1 in der Phase vor Beginn eines Versuchsdurchgangs eine einflussreiche Rolle spielt. Während Studie II zeigte, dass S1-Aktivität in dieser Phase, vermutlich durch attentionale top-down Modulation, unter AG-Anforderungen erhöht ist, ergab Studie III, dass eine optimierte bottom-up Verarbeitung in S1 zu einer verbesserten Aufgabenleistung führt. Verhaltensexperimente zeigten, dass Repräsentationen im Langzeitgedächtnis über die durchschnittliche Frequenz der präsentierten Vibrationsreize erheblich die Verhaltensleistung beeinflussen und den Zeitrichtungseffekt verursachen (Studie IV). Die Analyse der fMRT-Daten (Studie V) offenbarte außerdem, dass ein Netzwerk somatosensorischer Areale Informationen über die aktuelle Vibrationsfrequenz und die durchschnittliche Vibrationsfrequenz während der Enkodier- und Haltephase integriert. / The present dissertation aimed to shed more light on the psychological mechanisms and the neural basis of tactile working memory (WM). For this purpose, a vibrotactile delayed discrimination task was studied using the methods of functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), electroencephalography (EEG), concurrent subliminal electrical stimulation and psychophysics. The fMRI study (Study I) showed that a broad network of brain regions - much broader than known from previous studies in non-human primates - supports the performance of a vibrotactile delayed discrimination task in the different task periods: encoding, maintenance, decision making. The analysis of oscillatory activity over the somatosensory cortex in the EEG study (Study II) and the experiment using subliminal electrical stimulation to locally inhibit the primary somatosensory cortex (S1) (Study III) suggest that S1 does not contribute to the active maintenance of the vibrotactile memory trace. The level of activity in S1 during the early delay period depends on the efficiency with which subjects encode the vibrotactile stimulus. Study II and III also showed that the activation level of S1 in the pre-trial period plays an important role. Study III suggests that, in this task period, S1 activity is up-regulated under WM demands probably reflecting the operation of top-down attentional control. Study III indicates that increasing local inhibition of S1 in the pre-trial period improves performance by facilitating bottom-up processing. Importantly, long-term memory representations of the average frequency of the stimulus set strongly influence performance giving rise to the time-order effect (Study IV). Additionally, the fMRI data (Study V) showed that a somatosensory network integrates information about the current vibrotactile stimulus and the representation of the average vibration frequency during stimulus encoding and maintenance.
2

Haptic Navigation in Virtual Reality : Investigating and developing guidelines for vibrotactile feedback using multiple types of information simultaneously

Davidsson, Victor January 2018 (has links)
In recent years, progress has been made regarding the use of tactile devices such as belts and helmets for navigational tasks. As most of the devices and solutions so far have focused on presenting one type of information at a time, the potential for tactile devices for simultaneous multiple tasks have yet to be properly explored. Based on such research, this study investigates various methods of presenting multiple simultaneous information using a vibrotactile head-mounted device for navigational tasks in a virtual space. The goal is to determine if it is possible to effectively present various simultaneous navigational information with vibrotactile feedback in a virtual space, and if so, determine guidelines for doing so while avoiding cognitive overload. Using a tactile head-mounted device known as the Perman Helmet various functions related to several navigational tasks in a virtual space were developed. These tasks were collision avoidance, object search and compass orientation. First a test was conducted to determine the most suitable solution for each given task. For each task three different types of solutions were developed, tested, and evaluated in an appropriate testing scenario. Afterwards, a second test was conducted to determine guidelines for how to combine those various solutions to present as much information as possible while avoiding cognitive overload. A new testing environment was created that incorporated all three tasks and various combination of the solutions were tested, along with two special configurations to test other factors. The results from the experiments shows that using several simultaneous vibrotactile signals representing different types of information is feasible and practical with at least 3 different types of signals. Furthermore, various types approaches and combinations have been considered and compared. Based on these findings, several guidelines when developing systems informing a user with multiple vibrotactile feedback signals have been proposed. These findings could help hasten the development of commercial and industrial multiuse vibrotactile devices, making it a relevant field of study. / Under senare år har en rad framsteg gjorts i utveckling av haptiska enheter så som bälten och hjälmar för navigation. Då fokus har legat på att en enhet ska lösa ett specifikt problem saknas det ordentlig utredning av haptiska enheters potential att hantera flera uppgifter simultant. Baserat på tidigare forskning utforskas det i denna rapport olika metoder att presentera multipla simultana informationsflöden via en vibrotaktil huvudmonterad enhet i syfte att navigera en virutell miljö. Baserat på om dessa metoder kan användas effektivt utan att överbelasta en användare tas därefter riktlinjer för sådana system fram. Med hjälp av en taktil huvudmonterad enhet kallad Perman Hjälmen togs en rad funktioner ämnade för att navigera i en virtuell rymd fram. Dessa funktioner var kollisionsförebyggande system, målsökning samt kompassorientering. För varje funktion togs tre olika lösningar fram och utvärderades i en lämplig miljö. Efteråt utfördes ett andra experiment för att ta fram riktlinjer för hur olika lösningar för olika uppgifter bör kombineras för att presentera maximal mängd information utan att överbelasta användare. En ny anpassad testmiljö utvecklades och olika kombinationer av lösningar till de olika uppgifterna utvärderades. Även två specialkonfigurationer togs fram för att testa specifika faktorer. Resultaten från experimenten visade att använda flera simultana vibrotaktila informationsflöden var praktiskt möjligt med åtminstone tre distinkta typer av flöden. Utöver detta har olika tillvägagångssätt och kombinationer övervägts och jämförts. Baserat på detta har flera riktlinjer tagits fram för utveckling och vidareforskning av system med multipla simultana vibrotaktila informationsflöden. Dessa slutsatser kan komma att bidra till vidareutveckling av framtida kommersiella och industrianpassade vibrotaktila enheter, vilket gör detta ett relevant forskningsområde.

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