This Critical Review discusses the significance of the author’s published works and their impact on the history of the emergence of British television between 1926 and 1936. Although events in television within this period have since been well-documented, the related debates have tended to be specialist in scope and restricted to technology-centric or institution-centric viewpoints. Within this period of complex, rapid technological change, the author’s published works introduce the principle of embracing multiple disciplines for comparative analysis. The author’s application of that principle opens up long-established views for further debate and provides a re-assessment of early British television within a broader context. The rewards of this approach are a view of events that not only avoids nationalistic bias and restrictions of a single institutional viewpoint, but also tackles the complex inter-dependencies of technology, of service provision and of content creation. These published works draw attention to the revolutionary improvements that enabled the BBC’s 1936 service and the re-definition of television, yet also emphasise the significance of the previous television broadcast services. The most important innovation within these works has been the author’s discovery and in-depth study of artefacts from that earlier period. His recovery, analysis and presentation of video recordings of historic early television from 1927-1935 is original and remains unique. It has had a significant impact on the field of Media Archaeology, where Ernst considers the book Restoring Baird’s Image as a ‘seminal’ work and the overall restoration project ‘a brilliant case of “Digital Humanities” research’ (Appendix 2). The author’s curation of content from the period 1927-1935 enhances our understanding of a time where previously no direct television footage was thought to exist. The author extends his forensic-level investigative ‘hands-on’ techniques from this recovery to the analysis of the surviving artefacts from the time of John Logie Baird’s claimed first demonstration of television in 1926. The results clarify not only the functions of the equipment but also the circumstances and validity of the event, and hence its true place in the history of television.

A fotogrametria é um instrumento de avaliação simples, de baixo custo e objetivo que fornece resultados fáceis de interpretar, precisos e reprodutíveis, sendo muito usada atualmente. Apesar disso, a os protocolos de avaliação por fotogrametria não apresentam uma padronização a ser seguida, tornando difícil a obtenção de um padrão de avaliação com relação a alguns aspectos, como por exemplo, a posição dos pés, carecendo também de informações acerca do comportamento das variáveis associadas a esse tipo de avaliação durante um determinado intervalo de tempo. Essa dissertação foi dividida em dois estudos: Estudo 1: realizou-se uma revisão sistemática com o objetivo de investigar os posicionamentos de pés usados para a realização da avaliação postural semi-estática por meio de fotogrametria. Esse estudo trata-se de uma revisão sistemática de estudos observacionais e ensaios clínicos randomizados e seguiu as recomendações da Colaboração Cochrane. Com as palavras chave “photogrammetry” e “spinal postural evaluation”, realizou-se uma pesquisa nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, Science, Scopus, Embase e Bireme. Foram incluídos 40 estudos após crivo dos critérios de elegibilidade, sendo os principais posicionamentos de pés encontrados: autorreferido, paralelos separados, paralelos unidos e posicionamento autorreferido padronizado. Apenas três estudos foram avaliados de baixa qualidade metodológica. Como em nenhum dos estudos incluídos houve comparação de resultados de avaliações realizadas em diferentes posicionamentos de pés, faz-se necessário que estudos que abarquem esse tipo de análise sejam desenvolvidos, também se julgando importante que sejam respeitadas as determinações específicas de cada protocolo de análise. Estudo 2: esse estudo objetivou determinar (1) a reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador das diferentes posições de pés, (2) a classificação das variáveis posturais em estacionária/não estacionária e ergódica/não ergódica, (3) se existe uma posição dos pés com menor variabilidade postural, e (4) se existe uma posição de pés mais confortável para a realização da avaliação postural semi-estática utilizando a fotogrametria. A amostra foi composta por 24 indivíduos adultos de ambos os sexos, sendo eles submetidos à avaliação postural em dois momentos por meio de fotogrametria aonde foram filmados durante 35 segundos em quatro posições de pés: autorreferido (AR), paralelos separados (PS), paralelos unidos (PU) e autorreferido padronizado (ARP). Ao final de cada avaliação o indivíduo apontou em uma escala analógica a sensação subjetiva de desconforto. Após as avaliações, cada filmagem foi dividida em sete fotografias, sendo elas digitalizadas no software Digital Imagem-based Postural Assessment (DIPA). Na análise estatística foram utilizados os seguintes testes: Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC), erro padrão da medida (SEM), mínimo erro detectável (MDC) e média absoluta das diferenças (MAD) para a reprodutibilidade intra-avaliador; ANOVA de medidas repetidas para testar a estacionariedade e ANOVA one-way para testar a ergodicidade das variáveis posturais; Coeficiente de Variação (CV) e ANOVA one-way para análise da variabilidade postural em diferentes posições de pés; e ANOVA oneway para verificar as diferenças entre a sensação subjetiva de desconforto nas posições de pés. A reprodutibilidade das variáveis independeu da posição de pés, sendo todas elas classificadas como excelente. Das doze variáveis analisadas, cinco foram classificadas como estacionárias e ergódicas em todas posições de pés, quatro tiveram classificações dependentes das posições de pés e três foram classificadas como não estacionárias. Quanto à variabilidade postural, os resultados apontam que foram pequenas e semelhantes em todas as posições de pés, não sendo possível apontar uma única posição que apresentasse a menor variabilidade. A posição AR foi a que teve menor sensação subjetiva de desconforto. Concluiu-se que a maioria das variáveis posturais apresentam características estacionárias, que as posições de pés não interferem nos resultados. / Photogrammetry is a low cost and simple objective instrument of evaluation, that provides accurate and reproducible results of easy understanding, being very used nowadays. Nevertheless, the protocols of photogrammetry evaluation do not have a standard to be followed, making it difficult to obtain a standard of evaluation regarding some aspects, for example, the feet positioning, that also lack information about the behavior of variables associated with this type of evaluation for a certain period of time. This dissertation was divided in two studies: Study 1: executed a systematic review with the objective of investigate the feet positioning used to hold the semi-static postural assessment through photogrammetry. This study is a systematic review of observational studies and randomized clinical trials that followed recommendations of the Cochrane Collaboration. With the keywords "photogrammetry" and "spinal postural evaluation", a survey was conducted in the following databases: PubMed, Science, Scopus, Embase and Bireme. 40 studies were included after a scrutiny of eligibility criteria, the main feet positioning found were: self-referred, separated in parallel, united in parallel and standardized self-referred position. Only three studies were graded as low methodological quality. As there was no comparison of results of the included studies in different feet positioning, it is necessary that studies that utilize this type of analysis are developed and it is also deemed important that the specific determinations of each analysis protocol are respected. Study 2: The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the intra-rater reproducibility of different feet positioning, (2) the classification of postural variables in stationary / non-stationary and ergodic / nonergodic, (3) if there is a feet positioning with less postural variability, and (4) whether there is a more comfortable feet positioning for the semi-static posture evaluation using photogrammetry. The sample consisted of 24 adults of both genresas they were submitted totwo stages of postural assessment through photogrammetry, where they were filmed for 35 seconds on four feet positions: self-referred (AR), separated in parallel (PS), parallel and united (PU) and standardized self-referred (ARP). At the end of each assessment, the individual pointed the subjective feeling of discomfort in na analogical scale. After the evaluation, each film was divided into seven photographs, which were scanned in the software Digital Image-based Postural Assessment (DIPA). In the statistical analysis, the following tests were used: intra class correlation coefficient (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), minimum detectable error (MDC) and mean absolute differences (MAD) to the intra-rater reproducibility; Repeated measures ANOVA to test the stationarity and one-way ANOVA to test the ergodicity of postural variables; Coefficient of Variation (CV) and one-way ANOVA for analysis of postural variability in different feet positioning; and one-way ANOVA to determine differences between the subjective sensation of discomfort in the feet positioning. Irrespective of feet positioning, the reproducibility of variables it was classified as excellent. Of twelve variables, five were classified as stationary and ergodic in all feet positioning, four had dependent classifications of foot positioning and three were classified as non-stationary. The postural variability, the results were similar in all feet position, it is not possible to identify the position that has the lowest variability. The AR position was the one that had less subjective feeling of discomfort. It was concluded that most variables have stationary characteristics, that feet position does not interfere with results.

Firstly, the characteristics of HD videos are studied quantitatively. The results show that HD videos distinguish from other lower resolution videos by higher spatial correlation and special power spectral density (PSD), mainly distributed along the vertical and horizontal directions. / Secondly, two techniques for HD video coding are developed based on the aforementioned analysis results. To exploit the spatial property, 2D order-16 transforms are proposed to code the higher correlated signals more efficiently. Specially, two series of 2D order-16 integer transforms, named modified integer cosine transform (MICT) and non-orthogonal integer cosine transform (NICT), are studied and developed to provide different trade-offs between the performance and the complexity. Based on the property of special PSD, parametric interpolation filter (PIF) is proposed for motion-compensated prediction (MCP). Not only can PIF track the non-stationary statistics of video signals as the related work shows, but also it represents interpolation filters by parameters instead of individual coefficients, thus solving the conflict of the accuracy of coefficients and the size of side information. The experimental results show the proposed two coding techniques significantly outperform their equivalents in the state-of-the-art international video coding standards. / Thirdly, interlaced HD videos are studied, and to satisfy different delay constraints, two real-time de-interlacing algorithms are proposed specially for H.264 coded videos. They adapt to local activities, according to the syntax element (SE) values. Accuracy analysis is also introduced to deal with the disparity between the SE values and the real motions and textures. The de-interlacers provide better visual quality than the commonly used ones and can de-interlace 1080i sequences in real time on PCs. / Today, High-Definition (HD) videos become more and more popular with many applications. This thesis analyzes the characteristics of HD videos and develops the appropriate coding and processing techniques accordingly for hybrid video coding. / Dong, Jie. / Adviser: King Ngi Ngan. / Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-01, Section: B, page: . / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 153-158). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstract also in Chinese.

Introdução: danos ao sistema vestibular no nascimento ou na primeira infância podem ocorrer e impactar significativamente o desenvolvimento de uma criança em diversas áreas. A avaliação e o diagnóstico infantil na área da otoneurologia têm se revelado ainda como um desafio pela dificuldade de identificar as alterações vestibulares e pelo fato do desconforto dos exames vestibulares clássicos, que se potencializam para essa faixa etária. O avanço tecnológico tem proporcionado considerável progresso quanto à avaliação do reflexo vestíbulo-ocular (RVO) nessa população de modo menos invasivo e desconfortável por meio do video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). Objetivo: este trabalho se propõe a caracterizar o ganho do RVO para os canais semicirculares (CSC) horizontais e verticais em crianças hígidas quanto às variáveis sexo, diferença entre lados e faixa etária, bem como a aplicabilidade do vHIT. Metodologia: trata-se de um estudo clínico, observacional, transversal com análise de dados de modo descritivo e inferencial. Para a avaliação do RVO por meio do vHIT foi utilizado o equipamento Sistema de Impulso ICS Otometrics. A casuística incluiu 52 crianças hígidas na faixa etária de 5 a 10 anos de idade. Resultados: quanto ao ganho do RVO, observou-se diferença significativa em relação ao sexo para CSC posterior esquerdo, diferença significante do ganho entre lados para todos os CSC, mas não foi verificada correlação entre o ganho e a faixa etária. Em relação à aplicabilidade, foram observadas dificuldades na avaliação da população infantil no que diz respeito aos aspectos físicos e comportamentais, sendo comum a presença de artefatos nessa população. Conclusão: a caracterização do ganho do RVO para os CSC apresentou diferença significativa para a variável sexo, mas não para a variável faixa etária, e, quanto aos lados, verificou-se diferença significativa maior à direita. A caracterização da aplicabilidade do exame vHIT na população estudada evidenciou que apesar de demandar maior cuidado com a realização do exame, é possível minimizar efeitos causados pelos aspectos físicos e comportamentais, demonstrando que novas perspectivas da avaliação otoneurológica infantil são possíveis, tendo como aliado o vHIT. / Introduction: damage to the vestibular system at birth or in early childhood can occur and significantly impact the development of children in several areas. Otoneurologic evaluation and diagnosis in children are still a challenge due to the difficulty in identifying vestibular changes and the discomfort of typical vestibular assessments, which is worse for people in this age group. Technological advances have provided considerable progress in the vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) assessment of such population in a less invasive and more comfortable way through the video Head Impulse Test (vHIT). Objective: this research aims to lay out the VOR gain characteristics for horizontal and vertical semicircular canals (SCC) in healthy children regarding the gender, the difference between sides, and age range variables, as well as the applicability of the vHIT. Methods: this is a cross-sectional, observational, clinical study with descriptive and inferential data analysis. The ICS Otometrics Impulse System was used for evaluating VOR through the vHIT. The sample included 52 healthy children aged 5 to 10 years. Results: regarding the VOR gain, there was a significant difference between genders for left SCC and a significant difference of the gain between sides for all SCC, but no correlation between gain and age group was found. In regard to the applicability, difficulties were observed in the evaluation of the child population with respect to physical and behavioral aspects, and the presence of artifacts was common in that population. Conclusion: defining the VOR gain for SCC showed a significant difference for the gender variable, but not for the age group variable. Regarding the sides variable, there was a significantly greater difference on the right. The laying out of the vHIT exam applicability in the studied population showed that, despite demanding greater care with the assessment, it is possible to minimize effects caused by the physical and behavioral aspects, demonstrating that it is possible to have new perspectives on the otoneurological evaluation of children, and vHIT is a valuable tool in that sense.

<p>Active safety systems for automobiles in the form of camera systems have evolved rapidly the last ten years, Autoliv Electronics in Linköping develops multiple such systems. In their development process there is a need for a Break out Box (BoB) to record and playback video and CAN data as if the camera system was used in an actual automobile. The aim of this thesis has been to develop a BoB for these camera systems. The work has been divided into three phases; identification of requirements, design of the BoB and implementation of a prototype. The project has addressed four known issues with the currently used BoB; bandwidth, modularity, synchronization and usability. The result is a new BoB which is based on an FPGA connecting to a PC over Gigabit Ethernet. The design is an extendible platform for multiple channels of video, CAN data, other serial data and future extensions. A prototype proves the design concept by successfully recording video for the Autoliv NightVision system onto a PC.</p>

Thesis (Th. M.)--Dallas Theological Seminary, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 54-58).

Active safety systems for automobiles in the form of camera systems have evolved rapidly the last ten years, Autoliv Electronics in Linköping develops multiple such systems. In their development process there is a need for a Break out Box (BoB) to record and playback video and CAN data as if the camera system was used in an actual automobile. The aim of this thesis has been to develop a BoB for these camera systems. The work has been divided into three phases; identification of requirements, design of the BoB and implementation of a prototype. The project has addressed four known issues with the currently used BoB; bandwidth, modularity, synchronization and usability. The result is a new BoB which is based on an FPGA connecting to a PC over Gigabit Ethernet. The design is an extendible platform for multiple channels of video, CAN data, other serial data and future extensions. A prototype proves the design concept by successfully recording video for the Autoliv NightVision system onto a PC.

Problems in automated video surveillance analysis caused by illumination changes are explored, and solutions are presented. Controlled experiments are first conducted to measure the responses of color targets to changes in lighting intensity and spectrum. Surfaces of dissimilar color are found to respond significantly differently. Illumination compensation model error is reduced by 70% to 80% by individually optimizing model parameters for each distinct color region, and applying a model tuned for one region to a chromatically different region increases error by a factor of 15. A background model--called BigBackground--is presented to extract large, stable, chromatically self-similar background features by identifying the dominant colors in a scene. The stability and chromatic diversity of these features make them useful reference points for quantifying illumination changes. The model is observed to cover as much as 90% of a scene, and pixels belonging to the model are 20% more stable on average than non-member pixels. Several illumination compensation techniques are developed to exploit BigBackground, and are compared with several compensation techniques from the literature. Techniques are compared in terms of foreground / background classification, and are applied to an object tracking pipeline with kinematic and appearance-based correspondence mechanisms. Compared with other techniques, BigBackground-based techniques improve foreground classification by 25% to 43%, improve tracking accuracy by an average of 20%, and better preserve object appearance for appearance-based trackers. All algorithms are implemented in C or C++ to support the consideration of runtime performance. In terms of execution speed, the BigBackground-based illumination compensation technique is measured to run on par with the simplest compensation technique used for comparison, and consistently achieves twice the frame rate of the two next-fastest techniques.

Thèse doctorat : Informatique : Villeurbanne, INSA : 2003. / Thèse rédigée en anglais. Introduction et conclusion générale en français. En 2ème partie, choix d'articles en français avec résumés, mots-clef et réf. bibliogr. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. p. 147-154. Publications de l'auteur p. 155-157.

Thesis (M.S.)--Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, 2000. / Source: Masters Abstracts International, Volume: 45-06, page: 2708. Typescript. Abstract precedes thesis as, preliminary leaves i-ii.