The purpose of this essay was to investigate and compare the treatment of patients at Vilhelmsro’s hospital for children with epilepsy in Jönköping, Sweden, to the treatment of mentally deficient patients in Sweden during the 19th and 20th century. To fulfill the purpose of this investigation the administrative and medicinal archive at Jönköping’s county hospital Ryhov, and the provincial archives in Vadstena were used. The basis and the results of the investigation were drawn from studying and analyzing patient records, seizure books and enrollment charts of discharged patients, dated from 1928 to 1939. The investigation shows that although the treatment of patients at Vilhelmsro share a lot of fundamental values with the treatment of mentally deficient patients at mental institutions around Sweden at that time, such as correctness of behavior in order to fit into the norms of society, the hospital’s main concern was to educate and care for the children with epilepsy in hopes of adapting into society. This was not always possible, and the care at Vilhelmsro mainly had three outcomes which consisted of either being discharged due to recovery from illness, being discharged into the care of a more severe care facility or death from severe seizures. The hospital did concern itself with making sure that the children were molded into fitting into society’s interests and behavior and unfortunately this might have taken away from the actual medical care.