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The judicial response to family violence in Montreal during the period 1825 to 1850 was marked by paradox. The criminal justice system, driven by private prosecutors, limited the ability of some victims to seek the law's protection, but it allowed others to exercise considerable discretion and influence over the pursuit of justice. The legal response to the crimes of infanticide, child abuse, domestic violence, and spousal murder was equally contradictory. Infanticide may have been depicted as a horrific crime, but the call for justice was never strong. Society became increasingly sensitive to the notion that parents should be held accountable for causing injury to children, but a belief in the sanctity of the family was still paramount. When child abuse cases did come before courts, children were often accorded the same legal remedies by courts as were adult victims. Similarly, while the issue of family violence was not then a widespread societal concern, and while the notion that a wife was subordinate to her husband remained a prominent part of early-Victorian life, hundreds of abused wives prosecuted their husbands for assault. Those cases reflect not only that abused wives were contesting their partner's use of violence, but also that courts were willing to intervene. Spousal murder cases were further evidence of contradiction: women were subject to heightened legal penalties for killing their partners, but their gender also insulated them from the full severity of the law. / In a period before the sweeping public movements that developed in the last several decades of the nineteenth century, courts were forced to grapple with family violence because private prosecutors brought those issues before them. In their willingness to hear cases involving infanticide, child abuse, domestic violence, and spousal murder, courts made public some of Victorian Montreal's darkest secrets. While the privately-driven system of justice was slowly to erode over the intervening decades, that erosion was to coincide with the rise of public crusades against child-cruelty, domestic violence, and other social issues. The visibility of family violence likely fueled, and in turn was fueled by, those social movements.

Despite increasing interest on the topic of violence in intimate relationships, research exploring the experiences of same sex domestic violence among lesbians from "ethno-racial" communities remains considerably rare. In this qualitative study, semi structured interviews were conducted with four (4) lesbians (one experiencer, one aggressor and two community workers) and one heterosexual shelter worker. The aim was to explore the intersections of gender, "race"/ethnic group, and sexual orientation and their impact upon the experience of violence. The accounts of the participants demonstrated that converging identities and experiences of oppression, such as homophobia, heterosexism, sexism and racism, affect the nature of same sex domestic violence and negatively impact upon the conceptualization of the experience of violence. The attitudes of social workers and other professionals are also identified as being a significant barrier to the help seeking strategies of both experiencers and aggressors.

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L'étude cherche à préciser les corrélats psychosociaux de la violence des hommes envers leur conjointe. La population se compose de 60 couples de langue française du Québec répartis dans le groupe clinique où l'homme est diagnostiqué avoir des comportements violents envers sa conjointe et le groupe contrôle où l'homme ne fait pas l'objet de ce diagnostic. Les agresseurs affichent une attitude très peu stéréotypées envers les rôles des hommes et des femmes, ils s'attribuent beaucoup moins de comportements violents qu'en rapporte sa conjointe et ils affichent plus qu'elle des problèmes psychopathologiques. Ils adoptent un style d'attachement sécurisant et sa conjointe possède généralement un style d'attachement différent du sien. Les couples aux prises avec un problème de violence souffrent de détresse conjugale. La dépression majeure, les antécédents judiciaires et la dépendance à l'alcool sont de bons prédicteurs de violence chez les hommes alors que l'ajustement dyadique et les antécédents judiciaires du conjoint sont de bons prédicteurs.

The purpose of this study is to describe and provide a critical review of a program called peer mediation currently adapted by a Montreal Area Anglophone School Board or MAASB. This program was implemented to address the growing incidence of violence and conflict within MAASB high schools. This study focuses on the objectives that the MAASB established in addressing the problem of violence in their high schools and the peer mediation programs' ability to meet these objectives based on the claims it purports to. Described and examined in this study is the setting in which peer mediation becomes a suitable "response" to conflict and violence in high schools and including: the role and responsibilities of schools; some of the sources and causes of violence; some of the challenges facing adolescents; and the links between violence as the problem, peer mediation as a possible solution, and the role schools play to make this happen. Of specific interest and addressed in this study is whether or not the peer mediation program is resolving violence and conflict at the source, or if the program serves primarily as problem management. Following a qualitative approach to research, observation and interviews were conducted using semi-structured and open-ended methods. This study also includes some recommendations for further research.

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La présente recherche s’intéresse aux parcours de vie d’adultes ayant été victimes d’exposition à la violence conjugale (EVC) dans leur enfance ou leur adolescence. Cette étude a pour objectifs de : 1) mieux comprendre les effets perçus de l’EVC sur les différentes trajectoires de vie d’adultes ayant vécu cette victimisation, et ce, tout au long de la vie des individus; 2) d’explorer, auprès de ces adultes, les liens qu’ils perçoivent entre cette victimisation, les autres expériences vécues dans les différentes trajectoires de vie ainsi que les facteurs aidants dans leur parcours. L’approche qualitative et descriptive de l’étude permet de donner la parole aux personnes directement concernées. Afin de répondre aux objectifs de la recherche, une approche mixte a été utilisée. Un questionnaire en ligne quantitatif visant à mesurer l’ensemble des victimisations subies incluant l’EVC et une entrevue individuelle qualitative ont été réalisés avec les neuf participants à l’étude. Les données quantitatives ont été analysées de manière descriptive à l’aide du logiciel SPSS et ont aussi servi à orienter les questions pertinentes à explorer dans l’entrevue qualitative. Les transcriptions des données qualitatives ont été codifiées et analysées avec le logiciel N’Vivo. L’analyse des transcriptions a révélé que les participants considèrent que l’EVC qu’ils ont vécue dans leur enfance a eu des impacts et des répercussions sur leurs différentes trajectoires de vie, et ce, même rendu à l’âge adulte. Des problèmes de santé mentale, de la difficulté à entrer en relation avec d’autres gens, la transmission intergénérationnelle de la victimisation et de la violence et la polyvictimisation ont été nommés comme des conséquences de l’exposition. Des facteurs aidants tels que du soutien informel, des services d’aide formels parfois dans l’enfance mais surtout à l’âge adulte, leurs caractéristiques personnelles ainsi que leurs stratégies ont permis aux participants de passer à travers les violences vécues.