This investigation is a study of educational and vocational goals of a selected sample of rural youth and the goals of their parents for them. Factors considered were sex, residence (farm or non-farm), level of living, size of family, and membership in certain rural youth organizations. The sample consisted of 285 ninth and tenth grade rural Virginia students and their parents. The sample was chosen by criteria for selection of youths rather than parents. There were 144 boys and 141 girls; 141 students from farm families, 144 from non-farm; 96 students from “high” level of living, 96 from “middle”, 93 from “low” level of living; 143 students were members of rural youth organizations, 142 were non-members; 142 students were from small families, 144 from large families. Questionnaires relating to educational and vocational goals were administered to the students and their parents. Parents were requested to answer as they hoped their child would answer. The data revealed a statistically significant relationship between place of residence and educational aspirations: non-farm youth had higher aspirations than farm youth. A direct relationship existed between level of living and educational aspirations: the higher the level of living, the higher the aspirations. Students who were not members of the Future Farmers of America, Future Homemakers of America, or the 4-H Club placed a higher value on education than did students who were members of these organizations. Parents from the “middle” level of living group placed the highest value on education; parents from the “low” level of living group placed the least value on the importance of education. / Master of Science

no abstract provided by author / Master of Science

This problem was begun with the idea that the Negro housing problem existed in Blacksburg as in many other cities and towns all over America. The Negro population here was thought to be decreasing as in many rural areas and small towns. Lack of Housing was given as the chief cause of this migration because the financial status of the local Negro was considered to be very good This lack was thought to be due chiefly to the unwillingness of white persons to sell property to the colored. / Master of Science

Master of Science

Study of two sections of a stream associated with highways of different traffic densities and a third section used as a reference area demonstrated that concentrations of lead, nickel, cadmium, and zinc in sediments, benthic macroinvertebrates, and fish were highly correlated to the amount of traffic associated with the respective sampling site. Highest sediment concentrations of lead, nickel, and zinc occurred in spring, most likely due to accumulation and subsequent runoff in snow. Accumulation of these metals in invertebrates and fish is probably a more· time-dependent process. Concentrations in these organisms were related to physiological and ecological factors as well as the relative availability of each metal at each study site. The major physiological factor influencing accumulation of heavy metals in stream organisms seemed to be the relative amount of tissue with a high affinity for these metals in each organism. The major ecological factor influencing accumulation of heavy metals seemed to be the relative amount of sediment association characteristic of each species. Invertebrates contained the highest levels of each metal, followed by bottom-oriented fish with a small proportion of muscle, while species of fish with a large percentage of muscle inhabiting the upper water column contained the lowest concentrations. Biomagnification of these four metals was not demonstrated. Significant bioaccumulation of lead, nickel, and cadmium in bone; and cadmium in the kidneys of fish was found to occur. Major biological uptake of lead, nickel, cadmium, and zinc in these organisms was via water and/ or sediment-water interaction. / Master of Science

In the study of psychology, physical and mental securities are found to be two of the main objectives of the human race. Physical security is emphasized to an overwhelming extent due to the wars and domestic strifes our country has had. Many philosophers maintain that the only real security man can have is the security of his soul. Man finds this real security in the belief of a supreme being, in our case the Christian God. Organizations are extensive throughout the world for the advocation of a belief in God. These groups deal with different beliefs and different types of people within sects or denominations. The type of person with whom this thesis is concerned is a college student who has had indoctrination and training in a home church. In college he is being exposed to a new type of environment and learning that, for the most part, will affect his physical security. The church is left with a small remaining part of the student's mind; with this, the church must try to develop a more mature person of the student. Many buildings are built for the advancement of religion. The purpose of this thesis is to show the need for a building to house the activities of a student group working toward Christian fellowship. The building shall be designated as a Baptist Student Center. The purpose of this Baptist Student Center is to provide a center for the religious, cultural, and intrafaith activities of the Baptist students of the University of Virginia in Charlottesville, Virginia. / Master of Science

The objective of this study was to describe the biology of Sassafras albidum growing on upland hardwood sites in the Ridge and Valley Physiographic Province of Virginia ln an attempt to better understand how this common understory species becomes a dominant vegetative component following clear-felling. Biomass and leaf area regressions were developed using data collected from stems growing on xeric sites (SI₅₀ < 15.2 m) and mesic sites (SI₅₀ > 18.3 m). Due to strong heteroscedasticity in the data, logarithmic allometric equations were found to be the best fitting models. No significant differences were found between biomass equations from the two site qualities. Leaf area regressions were found to be significantly different. Excavations of the root systems of stumps and residual stems found in clear-felled upland hardwood sites indicated that sassafras has a prominent lateral root system. Roots were between 5 and 15 cm in-depth and contained several sprouts. A comparison of the regeneration origin of sassafras stems growing on two sites with differing available soil moisture suggests that root sprouting was the dominant form of regeneration on dry sites, whereas on most sites root sprouting and seedling origin stem were present in equal amount. Root sprouts were significantly larger in size than seedlings. Sex ratio determinations across four site qualities showed a male biased sex ratio. Although sassafras is reported to be delicious, hermaphroditic flowers were found on all sites. Comparison between male and female plants on each site suggest that males have a slight competitive advantage. / Master of Science

Along the southeast flank of the Flattop Mountain anticline in Washington, Smyth, and Tazewell counties, Virginia from Tumbling Creek, Washington County, northeast to and beyond Tannersville, Tazewell County, the Silurian Tonoloway limestone is intercalated within a succession of otherwise impervious strata. Groundwater circulation is localized within the Tonoloway in which large groundwater conduits have been created by dissolution. The area studied contains sedimentary rocks that range in age from Upper Silurian to Upper Devonian, inclusive. This report describes the lithology and terrain distribution of these formations and discusses their effect on the groundwater circulation in the area. The Tonoloway limestone serves a special function in controlling the infiltration and direction of movement of subsurface waters. The locally reversed hydraulic gradients of groundwater infiltrating the Tonoloway in various portions of the area along Poor Valley between Tumbling Creek and Tannersville are largely determined by streams, tributary to the North Fork of the Holston River, which have eaten headward through Brushy Mountain to become extended subsequent streams draining segments of Poor Valley. Subsurface conditions are favorable for recovering large quantities of groundwater for industrial use from the cavernous Tonoloway during the warm months of the year with subsequent recharge during the colder months when cool groundwater is not needed by nearby industries. Recharge could be substantially increased by installation of infiltration wells which would convey a larger quantity of surface water leaving such remote valleys as Redrock Cove directly into the cavernous Tonoloway. The advantage of infiltration conduits would be to effect some semblance of continuous recharge and thus increase the quantity of water that could be withdrawn during the summer periods when demand for industrial water is particularly great. / Master of Science

Detailed mapping along the northern terminus of the Carolina slate belt in the area of Meherrin, Virginia extends the previously known limits of the Hyco and Aaron Formations from the greenschist metamorphic facies Carolina slate belt northward across a staurolite isograd into the amphibolite metamorphic facies Charlotte belt. The Hyco formation is subdivided into four facies: a crystal tuff facies, a felsic tuff facies, an interlayered mafic and felsic volcanic facies, and a feldspathic wacke facies. The Aaron formation is dominantly a pelitic schist. Three deformational events are identified. F₁ produced the initial foliation. F₂ produced the dominant penetatrive foliation, isoclinally folding the earlier foliation. F₃ produced a crenulation cleavage. The Hyco and Aaron formations are folded into a tight, steeply southeastward dipping, and slightly refolded syncline. The undifferentiated Charlotte belt rocks form a doublely plunging antiform of refolded F₂ folds. The syncline formed by the Hyco and Aaron formations is northeastward along strike from the type location of the Virgilina synclinorium. Glover and Sinha (1973) attribute the formation of the Virgilina synclinorium to a late Precambrian and (or) early Cambrian orogenic event, and Glover and others (1983) attribute late folding and metamorphism to the Taconic orogeny. F₁ is attributed to the Virgilina deformation. F₂ and F₃ are attributed to the Taconic and/or Acadian orogenies. / Master of Science

The Commission on State Governmental Management has nearly completed a five-year study of the executive branch of Virginia government and has developed a number of recommendations which have been implemented to varying degrees at this time. The reorganization efforts of this Commission have resulted in the initiation of a more integrated management and decision-making system--a system that promises to improve procedures for allocating resources and encourage increased accountability for performance in state government. The degree of success and also the particular failures that the Commission has experienced are explained through examination of previous reorganization efforts and the problems in state governmental management which prompted its formation--providing an outline of the historical and contemporary constraints and opportunities influencing the reform process. The Commission's approach and procedures, its specific proposals and the present status of these proposals are discussed. Special emphasis is placed on evaluating the management, planning, and budgeting systems developed as a result of Commission recommendations. This analysis is intended to provide a background for suggesting the difficulties that Commission reforms face in implementation and for preliminarily assessing the impact of the Commission's work on Virginia government. / Master of Urban Affairs