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The utilization of the expansion accompanying kyanite’s inversion in the production of a dry pressed refractory insulating material has been studied quantitatively with respect to: (1) clay-kyanite-combustible ratio; (2) addition of fluxing and mineralizing materials; (3) variation in forming pressure; (4) variation in grain size of kyanite content; (5) effect of heat treatment; and (6) effect of forming characteristics on fire properties. The resilient property of combustible-containing bodies has been controlled by small additions of bentonite or sodium aluminate. The disruption of the structure of the body during the kyanite’s inversion reaction has been controlled by small additions of Virginia apatite and sodium aluminate and proper heat treatment. Indicative results show that it is possible to produce a dry pressed insulating refractory body from a 3:1:1 ratio of 35 mesh kyanite to clay to combustible which exhibits excellent dry properties, fired properties which comply with A S T W specifications of bulk density and volume stability, and cold crushing strength only slightly less than commercial grades of insulating refractories recommended for service at 2900-3000℉. / M.S.

This paper examines the issues involved in the resolution of interjurisdictional water transfer disputes in Virginia. Current interjurisdictional water transfers take place without the full compensation of all individuals and corporate entities that are damaged by the transfers. Water transfer projects remove land from the property tax base of host jurisdiction without compensation for the permanent loss of property tax revenue involved. Due to these uncompensated losses political resistance to such proposals is automatic and intense and leads to delays in the implementation of even worthwhile projects with low levels of negative environmental and social impacts. The existence of these uncompensated, and in some cases unrecognised, external costs and the delays and costs associated with political opposition to water transfers leads to economically less than optimum proposals being adopted to satisfy the water needs of transferring jurisdictions. After examining the institutional mechanisms available in Virginia to facilitate the resolution of interjurisdictional disputes, and similar mechanisms in other states, a proposal is developed to help resolve such conflicts in a more efficient manner that will lead to more nearly optimum proposals for water supply development being adopted and a lessening of the political conflict currently associated with attempts to implement interjurisdictional water transfer proposals in Virginia. / M.S.

A method of extracting gallium from a Virginia feldspar has been determined. The steps in this method are: 1. Grinding of the ore to a very small particle size (200 mesh) 2. Extraction of gallium by “leaching” the ore with sodium hydroxide 3. Acidification of the sodium hydroxide solution with hydrochloric acid and subsequent extraction of the acid solution with ether to separate the gallium from aluminum, vanadium, and titatium, and other metals 4. Removal of iron by precipitation of ferrous sulphide with hydrogen sulphide 5. Precipitation of gallium by cupferron 6. Ignition of the cupferron precipitate to gallium oxide / M.S.

In keeping with these inquiries the following purposes for this study were conceived: (1) To make a statement of cardinal values to be found in typical English programs on the junior high school level. (2) To explore the procedures used by a representative group of junior high school teachers of English in an attempt to discover what portions of the English curriculum they considered of the greatest importance. (3) To use the cardinal values to which reference has just been made as criteria by which to judge the objectives toward which work was being directed in English classes in the seventh, eighth and ninth grades of Roanoke City and County. After the foregoing purposes had been established, a study was made of the economic and social background in which the study was set, resulting in the findings set forth in Chapter II of this writing. Following this, the literature of the field was surveyed with a view to discovering the ideas of authors respecting the teaching of English. A detailed study was made of various courses of study. Following that survey there was formulated the set of criteria which appears in Chapter III. The next undertaking was to make a schedule composed of items which were deemed appropriate to the various criteria, to be used in gathering data relative to the practices of teachers of English in the City and County of Roanoke, respectively. The successive steps in constructing and administering that instrument, together with data resulting from its use, are given in Chapter IV. The final chapter contains a summary of findings to which reference has just been made and certain recommendations emerging therefrom. / M.S.

No Virginian was more dedicated to the Confederate cause than Stapleton Crutchfield. Born into a prominent and wealthy family, Crutchfield enjoyed and embraced the southern aristocratic lifestyle. He was a Virginian first and a United States citizen second. When Crutchfield was sixteen, he enrolled at the Virginia Military Institute. The young man had been enamored with the military tradition of his family and the extreme militancy of the South. Graduating at the top of his class in 1855, Crutchfield stayed on at the Institute as a mathematics professor. As Virginia prepared for war in 1861, Crutchfield resigned from his post and joined the Confederate army as an officer. The former mathematician was anxious for a fight. He believed that Virginia and the southern lifestyle was endanger of being destroyed by the North. Crutchfield's military training and family connections helped him receive appointment to the rank of major. In 1862, Gen. Thomas Jackson appointed Crutchfield to chief of artillery of his division. While Crutchfield had received training in artillery at the Institute l the instruction he received would not prepare him for the Civil War. New technology and the massive size of the armies had drastically changed the role of artillery in battle. His experience would come through trial and error on the battlefield. As Jackson's successes catapulted him to the top of the Confederate army's hierarchy, Crutchfield assumed additional commands and responsibilities. He became one of the few men to command artillery corps in the Civil War. During his tenure as artillery chief, the "long arm" of the Army of Northern Virginia experienced its largest growth. Furthermore, it is when Lee's army had its greatest successes on the battlefield. Yet, Stapleton Crutchfield has been overlooked by Civil War historians. They have failed to investigate the complexities of being artillery chief during the army's greatest period of growth and success. Crutchfield played an invaluable role in the shaping of the Army of Northern Virginia's artillery. His actions influenced the artillery corps even after his wound forced him to retire from his post. / Master of Arts

Quality awards are formal award programs that have been established to recognize organizations (or sub-units thereof) for achieving excellence in quality and productivity. The criteria of these awards require a systematic and comprehensive program that is mature either from time or results. These awards are issued on a regular, typically annual, basis. The administrators of the awards can range from individual companies to state governments to the federal government. Recipients of these awards can be organizations or sub-units of organizations. Further, the recipients could involve specific projects and programs. The recipients are ultimately defined by the specific award process. This thesis describes the quality award program in the State of Virginia. Overall, this thesis is a formative evaluation of the U.S. Senate Productivity and Quality Award for Virginia. This research reviews the processes used in determining winners for this award. Recommendations are made to improve the application evaluation and feedback processes, in particular. The thesis describes the types of key performance indicators that organizations report in their applications. A set of common key performance indicators were collected to form a type of measurement system to assess the “health” of organizations in the State of Virginia. The purpose of this measurement system is to provide benchmarks to other organizations in the state. As a final output, this research compares the key performance indicators reported in applications to two measurement frameworks provided in the literature. / Master of Science

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