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  • About
  • The Global ETD Search service is a free service for researchers to find electronic theses and dissertations. This service is provided by the Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations.
    Our metadata is collected from universities around the world. If you manage a university/consortium/country archive and want to be added, details can be found on the NDLTD website.
11

Branch & price for the virtual network embedding problem / Branch & price para o problema de mapeamento de redes virtuais

Moura, Leonardo Fernando dos Santos January 2015 (has links)
Virtualização permite o compartilhamento de uma rede física entre uma ou mais redes virtuais. O Problema de Mapeamento de Redes Virtuais é um dos principais desafios na virtualização de redes. Esse problema consiste em mapear uma rede virtual em uma rede física, respeitando restrições de capacidade. O presente trabalho mostra que encontrar uma solução factível para esse problema é NP-Difícil. Mesmo assim, muitas instâncias podem ser pode ser resolvidas na prática através da exploração de sua estrutura. Nós apresentamos um algoritmo de Branch & Price aplicado a instâncias de diferentes topologias e tamanhos. Os experimentos realizados sugerem que o algoritmo proposto é superior ao modelo de programação linear resolvido com CPLEX. / Virtualization allows one or more virtual networks to share physical infrastructures. The Virtual Network Embedding problem (VNEP) is one of the main challenges in the virtualization of physical networks. This problem consists in mapping a virtual network into a physical network while respecting capacity constraints. This work shows that finding a feasible solution for this problem is NP-Hard. However, many instances can be solved up to optimality in practice by exploiting the problem structure. We present a Branch & Price algorithm applied to instances of different topologies and sizes. The experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm is superior to the Integer Linear Programming model solved by CPLEX.
12

Uma abordagem baseada em aspectos topológicos para expansão de redes físicas no contexto de virtualização de redes / An approach based on topological factors for the expansion of physical infrastructure in the context of network virtualization

Luizelli, Marcelo Caggiani January 2014 (has links)
A virtualização de redes é um mecanismo que permite a coexistência de múltiplas redes virtuais sobre um mesmo substrato físico. Um dos desafios de pesquisa abordados na literatura é o mapeamento eficiente de recursos virtuais em infraestruturas físicas. Embora o referido desafio tenha recebido considerável atenção, as abordagens que constituem o estado-da-arte apresentam alta taxa de rejeição, i.e., a proporção de solicitações de redes virtuais negadas em relação ao total de solicitações efetuadas ao substrato é elevada. Nesta dissertação, caracteriza-se, inicialmente, a relação entre a qualidade dos mapeamentos de redes virtuais e as estruturas topológicas dos substratos subjacentes. Avalia-se as soluções exatas de um modelo de mapeamento online sob diferentes classes de topologias de rede. A partir do entendimento dos fatores topológicos que influenciam diretamente o processo de mapeamento de redes virtuais, propõe-se uma estratégia para planejar a expansão de redes de provedores de infraestrutura de forma a reduzir consistentemente a taxa de rejeição de requisições de redes virtuais e melhor aproveitar os recursos ociosos da mesma. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que grande parte das rejeições de redes virtuais ocorre em situações em que há grande disponibilidade de recursos, mas alguns poucos já saturados acabam inviabilizando, em função de características de conectividade do substrato, o atendimento de novas requisições. Ademais, os resultados obtidos utilizando a estratégia proposta evidenciam que o fortalecimento de partes-chave da infraestrutura levam a uma ocupação muito mais satisfatória. Uma expansão de 10% a 20% dos recursos da infraestrutura contribui para um aumento sustentado de até 30% no número de redes virtuais aceitas e de até 45% no aproveitamento dos recursos em comparação com a rede original. / Network virtualization is a mechanism that allows the coexistence of multiple virtual networks on top of a single physical substrate. One of the research challenges addressed recently in the literature is the efficient mapping of virtual resources on physical infrastructures. Although this challenge has received considerable attention, state-of-the-art approaches present, in general, a high rejection rate, i.e., the ratio between the number of denied virtual network requests and the total amount of requests is considerably high. In this thesis, we characterize the relationship between the quality of virtual network mappings and the topological structures of the underlying substrates. Exact solutions of an online embedding model are evaluated under different classes of network topologies. From the understanding of the topological factors that directly influence the virtual network embedding process, we propose an expansion strategy of physical infrastructure in order to suggest adjustments that lead to higher virtual network acceptance and, in consequence, to improved physical resource utilization. The obtained results demonstrate that most of rejections occur in situations in which a significant amount of resource is available, but a few saturated devices and links, depending on connectivity features of the physical substrate, hinder the acceptance of new requests. Moreover, the obtained results using the proposed strategy evidence that an expansion of 10% to 20% of the infrastructure resources leads to a sustained increase of up to 30% in the number of accepted virtual networks and of up to 45% in resource usage compared to the original network.
13

Branch & price for the virtual network embedding problem / Branch & price para o problema de mapeamento de redes virtuais

Moura, Leonardo Fernando dos Santos January 2015 (has links)
Virtualização permite o compartilhamento de uma rede física entre uma ou mais redes virtuais. O Problema de Mapeamento de Redes Virtuais é um dos principais desafios na virtualização de redes. Esse problema consiste em mapear uma rede virtual em uma rede física, respeitando restrições de capacidade. O presente trabalho mostra que encontrar uma solução factível para esse problema é NP-Difícil. Mesmo assim, muitas instâncias podem ser pode ser resolvidas na prática através da exploração de sua estrutura. Nós apresentamos um algoritmo de Branch & Price aplicado a instâncias de diferentes topologias e tamanhos. Os experimentos realizados sugerem que o algoritmo proposto é superior ao modelo de programação linear resolvido com CPLEX. / Virtualization allows one or more virtual networks to share physical infrastructures. The Virtual Network Embedding problem (VNEP) is one of the main challenges in the virtualization of physical networks. This problem consists in mapping a virtual network into a physical network while respecting capacity constraints. This work shows that finding a feasible solution for this problem is NP-Hard. However, many instances can be solved up to optimality in practice by exploiting the problem structure. We present a Branch & Price algorithm applied to instances of different topologies and sizes. The experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm is superior to the Integer Linear Programming model solved by CPLEX.
14

Branch & price for the virtual network embedding problem / Branch & price para o problema de mapeamento de redes virtuais

Moura, Leonardo Fernando dos Santos January 2015 (has links)
Virtualização permite o compartilhamento de uma rede física entre uma ou mais redes virtuais. O Problema de Mapeamento de Redes Virtuais é um dos principais desafios na virtualização de redes. Esse problema consiste em mapear uma rede virtual em uma rede física, respeitando restrições de capacidade. O presente trabalho mostra que encontrar uma solução factível para esse problema é NP-Difícil. Mesmo assim, muitas instâncias podem ser pode ser resolvidas na prática através da exploração de sua estrutura. Nós apresentamos um algoritmo de Branch & Price aplicado a instâncias de diferentes topologias e tamanhos. Os experimentos realizados sugerem que o algoritmo proposto é superior ao modelo de programação linear resolvido com CPLEX. / Virtualization allows one or more virtual networks to share physical infrastructures. The Virtual Network Embedding problem (VNEP) is one of the main challenges in the virtualization of physical networks. This problem consists in mapping a virtual network into a physical network while respecting capacity constraints. This work shows that finding a feasible solution for this problem is NP-Hard. However, many instances can be solved up to optimality in practice by exploiting the problem structure. We present a Branch & Price algorithm applied to instances of different topologies and sizes. The experimental results suggest that the proposed algorithm is superior to the Integer Linear Programming model solved by CPLEX.
15

P-Cycle-based Protection in Network Virtualization

Song, Yihong January 2013 (has links)
As the "network of network", the Internet has been playing a central and crucial role in modern society, culture, knowledge, businesses and so on in a period of over two decades by supporting a wide variety of network technologies and applications. However, due to its popularity and multi-provider nature, the future development of the Internet is limited to simple incremental updates. To address this challenge, network virtualization has been propounded as a potential candidate to provide the essential basis for the future Internet architecture. Network virtualization is capable of providing an open and flexible networking environment in which service providers are allowed to dynamically compose multiple coexisting heterogeneous virtual networks on a shared substrate network. Such a flexible environment will foster the deployment of diversified services and applications. A major challenge in network virtualization area is the Virtual Network Embedding (VNE), which aims to statically or dynamically allocate virtual nodes and virtual links on substrate resources, physical nodes and paths. Making effective use of substrate resources requires high-efficient and survivable VNE techniques. The main contribution of this thesis is two high-performance p-Cycle-based survivable virtual network embedding approaches. These approaches take advantage of p-Cycle-based protection techniques that minimize the backup resources while providing a full VN protection scheme against link and node failures.
16

Uma abordagem baseada em aspectos topológicos para expansão de redes físicas no contexto de virtualização de redes / An approach based on topological factors for the expansion of physical infrastructure in the context of network virtualization

Luizelli, Marcelo Caggiani January 2014 (has links)
A virtualização de redes é um mecanismo que permite a coexistência de múltiplas redes virtuais sobre um mesmo substrato físico. Um dos desafios de pesquisa abordados na literatura é o mapeamento eficiente de recursos virtuais em infraestruturas físicas. Embora o referido desafio tenha recebido considerável atenção, as abordagens que constituem o estado-da-arte apresentam alta taxa de rejeição, i.e., a proporção de solicitações de redes virtuais negadas em relação ao total de solicitações efetuadas ao substrato é elevada. Nesta dissertação, caracteriza-se, inicialmente, a relação entre a qualidade dos mapeamentos de redes virtuais e as estruturas topológicas dos substratos subjacentes. Avalia-se as soluções exatas de um modelo de mapeamento online sob diferentes classes de topologias de rede. A partir do entendimento dos fatores topológicos que influenciam diretamente o processo de mapeamento de redes virtuais, propõe-se uma estratégia para planejar a expansão de redes de provedores de infraestrutura de forma a reduzir consistentemente a taxa de rejeição de requisições de redes virtuais e melhor aproveitar os recursos ociosos da mesma. Os resultados obtidos evidenciam que grande parte das rejeições de redes virtuais ocorre em situações em que há grande disponibilidade de recursos, mas alguns poucos já saturados acabam inviabilizando, em função de características de conectividade do substrato, o atendimento de novas requisições. Ademais, os resultados obtidos utilizando a estratégia proposta evidenciam que o fortalecimento de partes-chave da infraestrutura levam a uma ocupação muito mais satisfatória. Uma expansão de 10% a 20% dos recursos da infraestrutura contribui para um aumento sustentado de até 30% no número de redes virtuais aceitas e de até 45% no aproveitamento dos recursos em comparação com a rede original. / Network virtualization is a mechanism that allows the coexistence of multiple virtual networks on top of a single physical substrate. One of the research challenges addressed recently in the literature is the efficient mapping of virtual resources on physical infrastructures. Although this challenge has received considerable attention, state-of-the-art approaches present, in general, a high rejection rate, i.e., the ratio between the number of denied virtual network requests and the total amount of requests is considerably high. In this thesis, we characterize the relationship between the quality of virtual network mappings and the topological structures of the underlying substrates. Exact solutions of an online embedding model are evaluated under different classes of network topologies. From the understanding of the topological factors that directly influence the virtual network embedding process, we propose an expansion strategy of physical infrastructure in order to suggest adjustments that lead to higher virtual network acceptance and, in consequence, to improved physical resource utilization. The obtained results demonstrate that most of rejections occur in situations in which a significant amount of resource is available, but a few saturated devices and links, depending on connectivity features of the physical substrate, hinder the acceptance of new requests. Moreover, the obtained results using the proposed strategy evidence that an expansion of 10% to 20% of the infrastructure resources leads to a sustained increase of up to 30% in the number of accepted virtual networks and of up to 45% in resource usage compared to the original network.
17

Conception et analyse d’algorithmes d’approximation dans les réseaux de communication de nouvelle génération / Approximation algorithm design and analysis in next generation communication networks

Wu, Haitao 05 November 2018 (has links)
Avec l’avènement de l’ère intellectuelle et de l’Internet of Everything (IoE), les besoins de la communication mondiale et des applications diverses ont explosé. Cette révolution exige que les futurs réseaux de communication soient plus efficaces, intellectuels, agiles et évolutifs. De nombreuses technologies réseau sont apparues pour répondre à la tendance des réseaux de communication de nouvelle génération tels que les réseaux optiques élastiques (EONs) et la virtualisation de réseau. De nombreux défis apparaissent avec les apparences de la nouvelle architecture et de la nouvelle technologie, telles que le routage et l’allocation de ressource spectrale (RSA) dans les EONs et l’intégration de réseaux virtuels (Virtual Network Embedding ou VNE) dans la virtualisation de réseau.Cette thèse traite la conception et l’analyse d’algorithmes d’approximation dans trois problèmes d’optimation du RSA et du VNE : les impacts de la distribution du trafic et de la topologie du réseau sur le routage tout optique, de l’allocation de ressource spectrale, et du VNE dans les topologies des chemins et cycles. Pour le routage tout optique, le premier sous-problème du RSA, il y a toujours un problème en suspens concernant l’impact de la distribution du trafic et de la topologie EON. Comme le routage tout optique joue un rôle essentiel pour la performance globale de la RSA, cette thèse fournit une analyse approfondi théorique sur ces impacts. Pour le deuxième sous-problème du RSA, l’allocation de ressource spectrale, deux chemins optiques quelconques partageant des fibres optiques communes pourraient devoir être isolés dans le domaine spectral avec une bande de garde appropriée pour empêcher la diaphonie et / ou réduire les menaces de sécurité de la couche physique. Cette thèse considère le scénario dans lequel les exigences de bandes de garde réelles optiques sont différentes pour différentes paires de chemins, et étudie comment affecter les ressources spectrales efficacement dans une telle situation. L’hétérogénéité de la topologie des demandes de réseau virtuel (VNR) est un facteur important qui entrave les performances de la VNE. Cependant, dans de nombreuses applications spécialisées, les VNR ont des caractéristiques structurelles communes par exemple, des chemins et des cycles. Pour obtenir de meilleurs résultats, il est donc essentiel de concevoir des algorithmes dédiés pour ces applications en tenant compte des caractéristiques topologiques. Dans cette thèse, nous prouvons que les problèmes VNE dans les topologies de chemin et de cycle sont NP-difficiles. Afin de les résoudre, nous proposons des algorithmes efficaces également analysons leurs ratios d’approximation / With the coming of intellectual era and Internet of Everything (IoE), the needs of worldwide communication and diverse applications have been explosively growing. This information revolution requires the future communication networks to be more efficient, intellectual, agile and scalable. Many technologies have emerged to meet the requirements of next generation communication networks such as Elastic Optical Networks (EONs) and networking virtualization. However, there are many challenges coming along with them, such as Routing and Spectrum Assignment (RSA) in EONs and Virtual Network Embedding (VNE) in network virtualization. This dissertation addresses the algorithm design and analysis for these challenging problems: the impacts of traffic distribution and network topology on lightpath routing, the distance spectrum assignment and the VNE problem for paths and cycles.For lightpath routing, the first subproblem of the RSA, there is always a pending issue that how the changes of the traffic distribution and EON topology affect it. As the lightpath routing plays a critical role in the overall performance of the RSA, this dissertation provides a thoroughly theoretical analysis on the impacts of the aforementioned two key factors. To this end, we propose two theoretical chains, and derive the optimal routing scheme taking into account two key factors. We then treat the second subproblem of RSA, namely spectrum assignment. Any two lightpaths sharing common fiber links might have to be isolated in the spectrum domain with a proper guard-band to prevent crosstalk and/or reduce physical-layer security threats. We consider the scenario with diverse guard-band sizes, and investigate how to assign the spectrum resources efficiently in such a situation. We provide the upper and lower bounds for the optimal solution of the DSA, and further devise an efficient algorithm which can guarantee approximation ratios in some graph classes.The topology heterogeneity of Virtual Network Requests (VNRs) is one important factor hampering the performance of the VNE. However, in many specialized applications, the VNRs are of some common structural features e.g., paths and cycles. To achieve better outcomes, it is thus critical to design dedicated algorithms for these applications by accounting for topology characteristics. We prove the NP-Harness of path and cycle embeddings. To solve them, we propose some efficient algorithms and analyze their approximation ratios.
18

Toward cost-efficient Dos-resilient virtual networks with ORE : opportunistic resilience embedding / Provendo resiliência de baixo custo às redes virtuais com ORE: mapeamento com resiliência oportunística (opportunistic resilience embedding)

Oliveira, Rodrigo Ruas January 2013 (has links)
O atual sucesso da Internet vem inibindo a disseminação de novas arquiteturas e protocolos de rede. Especificamente, qualquer modificação no núcleo da rede requer comum acordo entre diversas partes. Face a isso, a Virtualização de Redes vem sendo proposta como um atributo diversificador para a Internet. Tal paradigma promove o desenvolvimento de novas arquiteturas e protocolos por meio da criação de múltiplas redes virtuais sobrepostas em um mesmo substrato físico. Adicionalmente, aplicações executando sobre uma mesma rede física podem ser isoladas mutuamente, propiciando a independência funcional entre as mesmas. Uma de suas mais promissoras vantagens é a capacidade de limitar o escopo de ataques, através da organização de uma infraestrutura em múltiplas redes virtuais, isolando o tráfego das mesmas e impedindo interferências. Contudo, roteadores e enlaces virtuais permanecem vulneráveis a ataques e falhas na rede física subjacente. Particularmente, caso determinado enlace do substrato seja comprometido, todos os enlaces virtuais sobrepostos (ou seja, alocados neste) serão afetados. Para lidar com esse problema, a literatura propõe dois tipos de estratégias: as que reservam recursos adicionais do substrato como sobressalentes, protegendo contra disrupções; e as que utilizam migração em tempo real para realocar recursos virtuais comprometidos. Ambas estratégias acarretam compromissos: o uso de recursos sobressalentes tende a tornar-se custoso ao provedor de infraestrutura, enquanto a migração de recursos demanda um período de convergência e pode deixar as redes virtuais inoperantes durante o mesmo. Esta dissertação apresenta ORE (Opportunistic Resilience Embedding – Mapeamento com Resiliência Oportunística), uma nova abordagem de mapeamento de redes para proteger enlaces virtuais contra disrupções no substrato físico. ORE é composto por duas estratégias: uma proativa, na qual enlaces virtuais são alocados em múltiplos caminhos para mitigar o impacto de uma disrupção; e uma reativa, a qual tenta recuperar, parcial ou integralmente, a capacidade perdida nos enlaces virtuais afetados. Ambas são modeladas como problemas de otimização. Ademais, como o mapeamento de redes virtuais é NP-Difícil, ORE faz uso de uma meta-heurística baseada em Simulated Annealing para resolver o problema de forma eficiente. Resultados numéricos mostram que ORE pode prover resiliência a disrupções por um custo mais baixo. / Recently, the Internet’s success has prevented the dissemination of novel networking architectures and protocols. Specifically, any modification to the core of the network requires agreement among many different parties. To address this situation, Network Virtualization has been proposed as a diversifying attribute for the Internet. This paradigm promotes the development of new architectures and protocols by enabling the creation of multiple virtual networks on top of a same physical substrate. In addition, applications running over the same physical network can be isolated from each other, thus allowing them to coexist independently. One of the main advantages of this paradigm is the use of isolation to limit the scope of attacks. This can be achieved by creating different, isolated virtual networks for each task, so traffic from one virtual network does not interfere with the others. However, routers and links are still vulnerable to attacks and failures on the underlying network. Particularly, should a physical link be compromised, all embedded virtual links will be affected. Previous work tackled this problem with two main strategies: using backup resources to protect against disruptions; or live migration to relocate a compromised virtual resource. Both strategies have drawbacks: backup resources tend to be expensive for the infrastructure provider, while live migration may leave virtual networks inoperable during the recovery period. This dissertation presents ORE (Opportunistic Resilience Embedding), a novel embedding approach for protecting virtual links against substrate network disruptions. ORE’s design is two-folded: while a proactive strategy embeds virtual links into multiple substrate paths in order to mitigate the initial impact of a disruption, a reactive one attempts to recover any capacity affected by an underlying disruption. Both strategies are modeled as optimization problems. Additionally, since the embedding problem is NP-Hard, ORE uses a Simulated Annealing-based meta-heuristic to solve it efficiently. Numerical results show that ORE can provide resilience to disruptions at a lower cost.
19

Contribution à une instanciation efficace et robuste des réseaux virtuels sous diverses contraintes / Contribution to an efficient and resilient embedding of virtual networks under various constraints

Li, Shuopeng 09 November 2017 (has links)
La virtualisation de réseau permet de créer des réseaux logiques, dits virtuels sur un réseau physique partagé dit substrat. Pour ce faire, le problème d’allocation des ressources aux réseaux virtuels doit être résolu efficacement. Appelé VNE (Virtual Network Embedding), ce problème consiste à faire correspondre à chaque nœud virtuel un nœud substrat d’un côté, et de l’autre, à tout lien virtuel un ou plusieurs chemins substrat, de manière à optimiser un objectif tout en satisfaisant un ensemble de contraintes. Les ressources de calcul des nœuds et les ressources de bande passante des liens sont souvent optimisées dans un seul réseau substrat. Dans le contexte multi-domaine où la connaissance de l’information de routage est incomplète, l’optimisation des ressources de nœuds et de liens est difficile et souvent impossible à atteindre. Par ailleurs, pour assurer la continuité de service même après une panne, le VNE doit être réalisé de manière à faire face aux pannes. Dans cette thèse, nous étudions le problème d’allocation de ressources (VNE) sous diverses exigences. Pour offrir la virtualisation dans le contexte de réseau substrat multi-domaines, nous proposons une méthode de mappage conjoint des liens inter-domaines et intra-domaines. Avec une information réduite et limitées annoncées par les domaines, notre méthode est capable de mapper simultanément les liens intra-domaines et les liens inter-domaines afin d’optimiser les ressources. De plus, pour améliorer la robustesse des réseaux virtuels, nous proposons un algorithme d’évitement des pannes qui minimise la probabilité de panne des réseaux virtuels. Des solutions exactes et heuristiques sont proposées et détaillées pour des liens à bande passante infinie ou limitée. En outre, nous combinons l’algorithme d’évitement des pannes avec la protection pour proposer un VNE robuste et résistant aux pannes. Avec cette nouvelle approche, les liens protégeables puis les liens les moins vulnérables sont prioritairement sélectionnés pour le mappage des liens. Pour déterminer les liens protégeables, nous proposons une heuristique qui utilise l’algorithme du maxflow afin de vérifier etdedéterminerlesliensprotégeablesàl’étapedumappagedesliensprimaires. Encasd’insuffisance de ressources pour protéger tous les liens primaires, notre approche sélectionne les liens réduisant la probabilité de panne. / Network virtualization allows to create logical or virtual networks on top of a shared physical or substrate network. The resource allocation problem is an important issue in network virtualization. It corresponds to a well known problem called virtual network embedding (VNE). VNE consists in mapping each virtual node to one substrate node and each virtual link to one or several substrate paths in a way that the objective is optimized and the constraints verified. The objective often corresponds to the optimization of the node computational resources and link bandwidth whereas the constraints generally include geographic location of nodes, CPU, bandwidth, etc. In the multi-domain context where the knowledge of routing information is incomplete, the optimization of node and link resources are difficult and often impossible to achieve. Moreover, to ensure service continuity even upon failure, VNE should cope with failures by selecting the best and resilient mappings. Inthisthesis,westudytheVNEresourceallocationproblemunderdifferentrequirements. To embed a virtual network on multi-domain substrate network, we propose a joint peering and intra domain link mapping method. With reduced and limited information disclosed by the domains, our downsizing algorithm maps the intra domain and peering links in the same stage so that the resource utilization is optimized. To enhance the reliability of virtual networks, we propose a failure avoidance approach that minimizes the failure probability of virtual networks. Exact and heuristic solutions are proposed and detailed for the infinite and limited bandwidth link models. Moreover, we combine the failure avoidance with the failure protection in our novel protection-level-aware survivable VNE in order to improve the reliability. With this last approach, the protectable then the less vulnerable links are first selected for link mapping. To determine the protectable links, we propose a maxflow based heuristic that checks for the existence of backup paths during the primary mapping stage. In case of insufficient backup resources, the failure probability is reduced.
20

Toward cost-efficient Dos-resilient virtual networks with ORE : opportunistic resilience embedding / Provendo resiliência de baixo custo às redes virtuais com ORE: mapeamento com resiliência oportunística (opportunistic resilience embedding)

Oliveira, Rodrigo Ruas January 2013 (has links)
O atual sucesso da Internet vem inibindo a disseminação de novas arquiteturas e protocolos de rede. Especificamente, qualquer modificação no núcleo da rede requer comum acordo entre diversas partes. Face a isso, a Virtualização de Redes vem sendo proposta como um atributo diversificador para a Internet. Tal paradigma promove o desenvolvimento de novas arquiteturas e protocolos por meio da criação de múltiplas redes virtuais sobrepostas em um mesmo substrato físico. Adicionalmente, aplicações executando sobre uma mesma rede física podem ser isoladas mutuamente, propiciando a independência funcional entre as mesmas. Uma de suas mais promissoras vantagens é a capacidade de limitar o escopo de ataques, através da organização de uma infraestrutura em múltiplas redes virtuais, isolando o tráfego das mesmas e impedindo interferências. Contudo, roteadores e enlaces virtuais permanecem vulneráveis a ataques e falhas na rede física subjacente. Particularmente, caso determinado enlace do substrato seja comprometido, todos os enlaces virtuais sobrepostos (ou seja, alocados neste) serão afetados. Para lidar com esse problema, a literatura propõe dois tipos de estratégias: as que reservam recursos adicionais do substrato como sobressalentes, protegendo contra disrupções; e as que utilizam migração em tempo real para realocar recursos virtuais comprometidos. Ambas estratégias acarretam compromissos: o uso de recursos sobressalentes tende a tornar-se custoso ao provedor de infraestrutura, enquanto a migração de recursos demanda um período de convergência e pode deixar as redes virtuais inoperantes durante o mesmo. Esta dissertação apresenta ORE (Opportunistic Resilience Embedding – Mapeamento com Resiliência Oportunística), uma nova abordagem de mapeamento de redes para proteger enlaces virtuais contra disrupções no substrato físico. ORE é composto por duas estratégias: uma proativa, na qual enlaces virtuais são alocados em múltiplos caminhos para mitigar o impacto de uma disrupção; e uma reativa, a qual tenta recuperar, parcial ou integralmente, a capacidade perdida nos enlaces virtuais afetados. Ambas são modeladas como problemas de otimização. Ademais, como o mapeamento de redes virtuais é NP-Difícil, ORE faz uso de uma meta-heurística baseada em Simulated Annealing para resolver o problema de forma eficiente. Resultados numéricos mostram que ORE pode prover resiliência a disrupções por um custo mais baixo. / Recently, the Internet’s success has prevented the dissemination of novel networking architectures and protocols. Specifically, any modification to the core of the network requires agreement among many different parties. To address this situation, Network Virtualization has been proposed as a diversifying attribute for the Internet. This paradigm promotes the development of new architectures and protocols by enabling the creation of multiple virtual networks on top of a same physical substrate. In addition, applications running over the same physical network can be isolated from each other, thus allowing them to coexist independently. One of the main advantages of this paradigm is the use of isolation to limit the scope of attacks. This can be achieved by creating different, isolated virtual networks for each task, so traffic from one virtual network does not interfere with the others. However, routers and links are still vulnerable to attacks and failures on the underlying network. Particularly, should a physical link be compromised, all embedded virtual links will be affected. Previous work tackled this problem with two main strategies: using backup resources to protect against disruptions; or live migration to relocate a compromised virtual resource. Both strategies have drawbacks: backup resources tend to be expensive for the infrastructure provider, while live migration may leave virtual networks inoperable during the recovery period. This dissertation presents ORE (Opportunistic Resilience Embedding), a novel embedding approach for protecting virtual links against substrate network disruptions. ORE’s design is two-folded: while a proactive strategy embeds virtual links into multiple substrate paths in order to mitigate the initial impact of a disruption, a reactive one attempts to recover any capacity affected by an underlying disruption. Both strategies are modeled as optimization problems. Additionally, since the embedding problem is NP-Hard, ORE uses a Simulated Annealing-based meta-heuristic to solve it efficiently. Numerical results show that ORE can provide resilience to disruptions at a lower cost.

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