Reproduction de : Thèse d'exercice : Médecine vétérinaire : Toulouse 3 : 2008. / Titre provenant de l'écran titre. Bibliogr. p. 97-102.

Orientador: Ana Carolina Gomes Jardim / Resumo: Nas últimas décadas, diversos vírus que tinham sua ocorrência limitada a pequenas regiões se espalharam pelo globo, causando epidemias e preocupação entre as autoridades de saúde. Apesar dos inúmeros avanços no tratamento das infecções virais, vários destes vírus ainda não possuem tratamento especifico e eficaz. Adicionalmente, a alta taxa de resistência e o surgimento de novas mutações, torna a busca por novos antivirais desafiadora e de extrema importância. Desta forma, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo investigar a atividade antiviral de compostos de origem natural ou sintética contra os vírus da Chikungunya (CHIKV) e Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Contra o CHIKV, 48.750 compostos sintéticos foram inicialmente avaliados in silico por docking molecular, dos quais 12 compostos demonstraram apresentar interação com a região de ligação a ADP-ribose do dominío macro da proteína viral não estrutural 3 (nsP3), e foram selecionados para ensaios in vitro. Ensaios de viabilidade celular foram realizados para determinar a máxima concentração não tóxica de cada composto, que foi utilizada nos ensaios anti-CHIKV em células de hepatocarcimona humano Huh-7, transfectadas com os replicons subgenômicos do CHIKV. Os resultados demonstraram que os compostos C5 e C13 na concentração de 20 µM inibiram 53 e 76% da replicação do CHIKV em células Huh-7, respectivamente. Contra o EV-A71, 6 proteínas isoladas da peçonha de serpentes foram testadas em concentrações não tóxicas em células Vero infect... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: In the last decades, several viruses that had their occurrence limited to small regions spread through the globe, causing epidemics and concern among health authorities. Despite the numerous advances in the treatment of viral infections, several of these viruses have no specific and effective treatment yet. In addition, the high rate of resistance and the emergence of new mutations, makes the search for new antivirals challenging and extremely important. The present work aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of compounds from natural or synthetic origin against Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) and Enterovirus A71 (EV-A71). Against CHIKV, 48,750 synthetic compounds were initially evaluated in silico by molecular docking, of which 12 compounds demonstrated to be interacting with the ADP-ribose binding region of viral non- structural protein 3 (nsP3) macro domain and were selected for in vitro assays. Cell viability assays were performed to determine the maximum non-toxic concentration of each compound and used in anti-CHIKV assays in human hepatocarcinoma cells (Huh-7) transiently transfected with the CHIKV subgenomics replicons. The results demonstrated that the C5 and C13 compounds at 20 µM inhibited 53 and 76% of CHIKV replication in Huh-7 cells, respectively. Against EV-A71, 6 proteins isolated from snake venom were tested at non-toxic concentrations in infected Vero cells, and the virucidal, protective and anti-EV-A71 replication activity was evaluated. From the tested toxi... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Les virus sont des parasites intracellulaires obligatoires recrutant des cofacteurs cellulaires afin de détourner les différents processus biologiques leur permettant notamment de répliquer leur génome et de former d'autres particules virales. Si des cofacteurs cellulaires de la réplication du virus Semliki Forest ont été récemment identifiés, très peu d'études ont permis de révéler des partenaires de la réplication du proche Alphavirus Chikungunya (CHIKV). Nous avons découvert, au cours de cette étude, un recrutement d'Hélicases à domaine DExD/H au niveau de sites de réplication du CHIKV. Parmi elles, DHX9 ou RNA Helicase A (RHA), grâce à ses propriétés de liaison et de modulation de structures des ARNs ou de complexes de Ribonucléoprotéines, est impliquée dans diverses fonctions depuis la transcription, la traduction, la réplication de génomes et jusqu'à la production de particules infectieuses de nombreux virus. Dans le cas du virus Chikungunya, nous avons caractérisé une fonction provirale dans la traduction de protéines non-structurales et une fonction antivirale dans la réplication du génome. Cette double fonction opposée est manipulée par le CHIKV afin d'assurer une production de protéines non-structurales composant le complexe de réplication tout en maintenant sa réplication. Ces travaux révèlent un nouveau mécanisme de régulation de la traduction d'ARN génomique de CHIKV et apportent des éléments de compréhension dans la dynamique de passage du phénomène de traduction à l'étape de réplication du génome CHIKV. / Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites recruiting cellular cofactors to divert different biological processes enabling them to replicate their genome and to form other viral particles. If cellular cofactors of Semliki Forest virus replication have recently been identified, very few studies have revealed the replication partners of the very close Alphavirus Chikungunya (CHIKV). During this study, We have discovered recruitments of several DExD/H Box Helicases at the CHIKV replication sites. Among them, DHX9 or RNA Helicase A (RHA) through its RNA binding properties and in modulating RNA secondary structures or Ribonucleoproteins complexes, is involved in various functions from transcription, translation, replication of genomes and up to production of infectious particles of many viruses. In the case of Chikungunya virus, we have characterized a proviral function in the translation of non-structural proteins and an antiviral function in the genome replication. These opposite functions are manipulated by CHIKV to ensure production nonstructural proteins, components of the CHIKV replication complex while maintaining its replication. These works reveal a new translation regulation mechanism of CHIKV genomic RNA and bring some knowledge on the passage from the translation stage to the replication step of CHIKV genome.