Yes / Aim: To assess the ability of critical flicker frequency (CFF) and optimal reading speed (ORS) to predict the potential vision in patients with cataract with and without ocular comorbidity. Methods: The two novel tests were compared with two well established potential vision tests (PVTs), the potential acuity meter (PAM) and the laser interferometer (LI). Measurements were made preoperatively in 1 eye of 88 subjects using the battery of 4 PVTs. Postoperative measurements were made with the CFF and the ORS. The subjects studied were consecutive cases over a 12-month period who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria, and agreed to participate in this study. Results: CFF was the PVT most resistant to the presence of cataract. Both CFF and ORS give a similar predictive precision in the presence of cataract and ocular comorbidity, although CFF seems more precise when the cataract is dense. Conclusions: The PAM and the LI showed a limited clinical capability in predicting postoperative visual acuity, particularly with dense opacities. The CFF shows the most promise as a PVT, particularly with dense cataract. Further evaluation is required for both CFF and ORS. / Federation of Ophthalmic and Dispensing Opticians

No / Purpose To determine the usefulness of a battery of potential vision tests (PVTs) including potential acuity meter (PAM), laser interferometer (LI), critical flicker/fusion frequency (CFF), superilluminated pinhole at distance (SPHd) and near (SPHn), and optimal reading speed (ORS) by their independence of the effects of cataracts and sensitivity to macular disease (MD). Setting Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Bradford and Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom. Methods Potential vision test measurements were determined in 76 patients with age-related cataract and no other eye disease, 52 patients with MD and clear ocular media, and 28 patients with normal, healthy eyes. Results Potential vision tests were independent of the degrading effects of cataract up to a visual acuity (VA) level of 20/200 or worse (CFF), 20/125 (ORS and SPH), and 20/40 (PAM and LI). A high degree of association was found between PVT scores and distance VA in the MD group for SPHd (r2 = 0.93), SPHn (r2 = 0.89), and PAM (r2 = 0.71). A moderate correlation was found for LI (r2 = 0.55), CFF (r2 = 0.50), and ORS (r2 = 0.45). Conclusions Potential acuity meter and LI showed very limited independence to moderate/dense cataracts and inaccurate predictions in patients with MD. Superilluminated pinhole was relatively unaffected by moderate/dense cataract and yet provided accurate predictions in the presence of MD and clear ocular media. Critical flicker/fusion frequency showed the greatest ability to bypass cataracts, although its ability to predict VA in patients with early MD was limited. The ORS was relatively unaffected by moderate/dense cataract, but its poor ability to predict VA in MD may limit its clinical suitability as a PVT.

Thesis equivalent (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Thesis equivalent (M.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1947.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Linköping : Univ., 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Thesis (D.P.H.)--University of Michigan, 1996.

Orientadores: Abimael Aranha Netto, André Moreno Morcillo / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-21T16:08:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Martini_Giovana_M.pdf: 6946196 bytes, checksum: 0958a806379064012236749e08f7a700 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: Objetivos: Determinar o desenvolvimento da acuidade visual de grades binocular e monocular, mensuradas com o Lea Gratings, prover uma base idade-dependente por esta técnica em uma coorte de crianças saudáveis e comparar os resultados obtidos por este teste com os obtidos com os Cartões de Acuidade de Teller. Método: Tratou-se de estudo prospectivo e longitudinal, descritivo e analítico, da acuidade visual de resolução de grades de um grupo de lactentes, nos três primeiros meses de vida e no período entre 12 e 24 meses. Considerou-se, como critérios de inclusão, lactentes que foram nascidos a termo e adequados para a idade gestacional, com um mês de idade cronológica e residentes na região metropolitana de Campinas, que apresentaram o Reflexo Vermelho presente ao nascimento. A acuidade visual de resolução de grades foi mensurada por meio do teste Lea Gratings, mês a mês, e, a partir dos 12 meses, também por meio dos Cartões de Acuidade de Teller, quando foram descartadas alterações oftalmológicas nos participantes do estudo. A amostra foi constituída de 133 lactentes e a análise dos resultados foi realizada utilizando-se o Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Personal Computer (SPSS 16.0). Os valores de acuidade (CPD) foram apresentados em distribuição de frequência e para determinação da média e do desvio padrão, os dados foram transformados em escala de uma oitava. Para comparação da acuidade visual entre as idades foi utilizada a análise de variância para medidas repetidas e o de Wilcoxon para comparação das medidas entre os olhos para amostras relacionadas. A correlação entre os resultados obtidos pelos dois testes foi avaliada pelo Coeficiente de Correlação de Spearman. Resultados: Os valores de acuidade visual binocular foram crescentes, sendo obtida no primeiro mês a média de 0,55 cpd (±0,70), de 1,35 cpd (±0,69) no segundo mês e de 3,11 cpd (±0,54) no terceiro mês. A partir dos 12 meses, as médias dos valores de acuidade visual binocular e monocular - foram, respectivamente, de 14,41 cpd (±0,25) e de 12,03 cpd (±0,39) nas crianças com idade entre 12 e 14 meses, de 14,10 cpd (±0,27) e de 10,79 cpd (±0,42) em crianças com idade entre 15 e 18 meses e de 15,50 cpd (±0,13) e de 13,42 cpd (±0,26) em crianças com idade entre 19 e 24 meses. Os resultados da análise de variância demonstraram diferenças significativas nos valores de acuidade visual entre todas as idades. Os coeficientes de Correlação de Spearman entre os testes Lea Gratings e Cartões de Acuidade de Teller foram de 0,53505 e de 0,65175 para, respectivamente, as medidas binocular e monocular. Conclusão: O teste foi capaz de avaliar a evolução da acuidade visual no primeiro trimestre de vida e no período entre 12 a 24 meses, e permitiu o fornecimento de uma base idade-dependente por esta técnica em uma coorte de lactentes saudáveis até o período de 12 meses. A comparação entre os dois testes de acuidade visual de grades demonstrou correlação positiva / Abstract: Purpose: This study aims to determine the development of the binocular and monocular grating acuity with Lea Gratings, to established age-related norms for this method in a health children cohort and comparing the results obtained by this test with those obtained with the Teller Acuity Cards. Methods: This was a prospective and longitudinal study, descriptive and analytic, of infant grating visual acuity in the first three months of life and between the ages 12 and 24 months. The sample was composed of infants that met the following criteria: full-term infants appropriate for gestational age, with a chronological age of one month, residents in the Campinas metropolitan region, born with positive red reflex and whose parents consented to participate in this study. The grating acuity of each infant was measured three times at regular intervals, using Lea Gratings, and after 12 months, also with the Teller Acuity Cards, when a complete ophthalmologic examination was conducted to reject any visual alteration. The final sample was composed of 133 infants and the results were analyzed with the Package for Social Sciences for the Personal Computer (SPSS 16.0). The grating acuity results were stated in frequency tables and converted into a one-octave scale for statistical calculation. Repeated measure analysis of variance was applied to compare the grating acuity results among ages. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the measures between the eyes in related samples and the Spearman Correlation was applied to evaluate the results obtained with the two tests. Results: The binocular grating acuity measures were crescent. In the first month, the mean acuity was 0.55 cpd (±0.70); in the second month, the mean acuity was 1.35 cpd (±0.69) and in the third month it was 3.11 (±0.54). After 12 months, the means of binocular and monocular acuity were, respectively, 14.41 cpd (±0.25) and 12.03 cpd (±0.39) in children between ages 12 and 14 months; 14.10 cpd (±0.27) and 10.79 cpd (±0.42) in children between ages 15 and 18 months; 15.50 cpd (±0.13) and 13.42 cpd (±0.26) in children between ages 19 and 24 months. Analysis of variance to repeated measures indicated differences between the measures of grating acuity in all ages. The coefficient of Spearman Correlation between the tests Lea Gratings and Teller Acuity Cards was respectively 0.53505 and 0.65175 for binocular and monocular measures. Conclusions: This test was capable to assess the evolution of grating acuity in the first three months of life and between 12 and 24 months, and established age-related norms for this method in a health children cohort until 12 months age. The comparison between the two tests of grating acuity demonstrated positive correlation / Mestrado / Saude da Criança e do Adolescente / Mestra em Saúde da Criança e do Adolescente