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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-02-16Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:50:54Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 renzo_r_me_jabo.pdf: 301706 bytes, checksum: 7ba09919044057e80244fe4b39f2b41e (MD5) / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Estudaram-se a pressão intraocular, a densidade e a hexagonalidade de células endoteliais, níveis de Prostaglandina E2 e sua correlação com catarata senil madura (n=8) ou hipermatura (n=8). Adicionalmente, foram utilizados valores de Prostaglandina E2 do humor aquoso de cães oftalmologicamente saudáveis (n=7). Para avaliação da pressão intraocular empregou-se tonometria digital de aplanação. A avaliação da densidade e da hexagonalidade das células endoteliais foi realizada por meio de microscopia especular de não contato. Sob anestesia geral, 0,2mL de humor aquoso foram colhidos por meio de paracentese da câmara anterior. As amostras de aquoso foram congeladas e armazenadas à -80 oC para mensuração da concentração de PGE2, por imunoensaio enzimático competitivo. Os valores foram comparados estatisticamente, empregando-se análise de variância de via única, e o teste de múltiplas comparações de Bonferroni. Teste t não pareado foi utilizado para se avaliar os dados obtidos por microscopia especular. Possíveis correlações entre os resultados foram comparadas aplicando-se o teste de Person. Adotou-se nível de significância de p<0,05. Em ambos os grupos observou-se diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular (PIO), entretanto não houve diferença entre eles (p = 0,90). As médias dos valores de densidade celular (CD) e de hexagonalidade (HEX) foram 2253,363 cell/mm² e 59,03% para GSM e 2058,325 cell/mm² e 63,75% para GSH, respectivamente. Entretanto não houve diferença significativa entre ambos, tanto para CD (p=0,201), quanto para HEX (p=0,61). Observou-se incremento nos valores de PGE2 nos grupos com catarata em relação aos cães oftalmologicamente saudáveis (p<0,001), entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com catarata... / Intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density and hexagonality, and aqueous humor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied and correlated in dogs with mature (n=8) and hypermature (n=8) senil cataratcs. In addition, aqueous humor PGE2 values of ophthalmic healthy dogs (n=7) were used. Non contact specular microscopy was used to evaluate density and hexagonality of endothelial cells. 0.2mL of aqueous humor was collected by means of anterior chamber paracentesis. Aqueous humor samples were frozen at -80 oC and concentration of PGE2 were quantified by means of competitive enzyme immunoassay. PGE2 values were statistically compared with one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni´s multi comparison test. Specular microscopy data were assessed by means of unparied T test. Person´s test was used in order to assess possible correlations among data. Significance was set at value of P < 0.05. Values of endothelial cell density and hexagonality did not change significantly between groups (P = 0.61). PGE2 values were significantly higher in dogs with cataract, when compared with ophthalmic healthy dogs (P < 0.001), however, this parameter did not change significantly between mature and hypermature groups (P > 0.05). Is it possible tosay that cataract patients in stages of maturity or hipermaturity develop uveitis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-02-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:09:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_ml_me_jabo.pdf: 215535 bytes, checksum: cd0cb8025e24b157abddf88c5cead9f9 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A pesquisa foi desenvolvida visando-se a se avaliarem alterações nas dimensões de estruturas do bulbo de olho de cães da raça cocker spaniel inglês, machos e fêmeas, com e sem catarata, à ultrasonografia transcorneal nos modos A e B. Dezesseis pacientes (n = 16, 32 olhos, 10 machos, 6 fêmeas) com catarata e idade superior a 8 anos e um grupo controle sem catarata (n =7, 14 olhos, 2 manchos, 5 fêmeas) foram avaliados. Realizou-se ultrasonografia transcorneal nos modos A e B com transdutor de 10 MHz. Os dados referentes à ecobiometria, foram avaliados estatisticamente ao teste ANOVA de via única e os resultados expressos em média e desvio padrão (±DP). A incidência de catarata entre gênero foi avaliada estatisticamente ao teste de Fisher’s. O comprimento axial do bulbo do olho dos pacientes com catarata e dos do grupo controle respectivamente, foi de 19.909 ± 1,103 mm; 19,958 ± 1,050mm. Para a câmara anterior, encontraram-se 3,041 ± 0,828 mm; 3,373 ± 1,040mm, respectivamente. Para o diâmetro lenticular foram de 6,817 ± 1,117 mm; 7,062 ± 0,477mm, respectivamente, e para o segmento posterior foram 10,056 ± 0,754mm; 9,523 ± 0,705mm. Não se encontraram diferenças significativas entre olhos com catarata e os controles, tampouco entre machos e fêmeas com e sem catarata. Tampouco foi encontrada diferença em quanto à incidência das cataratas entre ambos os sexos (P > 0.05). / The present study was conceived to evaluate A- and B-mode ultrasonographic changes in the thickness of various structures of the eyeball in male and female English Cocker Spaniel dogs with and without cataracts. Sixteen dogs with cataracts (36 eyes, 10 males, 6 females), and seven normal dogs (14 eyes, 2 males, 5 females) older than eight years were selected. A- and B-mode ultrasonography was performed with a 10 MHz transducer. Echobiometry values were evaluated statistically by one way ANOVA. Incidence of cataract among gender was assessed by Fisher’s excat test. Mean and standard deviations of various ocular structures for dogs with and without cataracts were, respectively, anterior chamber: 3.041 ± 0.828 mm, 3.373 ± 1.040 mm; lens: 6.817 ± 1.117 mm, 7.062 ± 0.477 mm; vitreous: 10.056 ± 0.754 mm, 9.523 ± 0.705 mm; and axial length: 19.909 ± 1.103 mm; 19.958 ± 1.050 mm. Ocular measurements between right and left eyes, males and females, as well as in eyes with and without cataract were not significantly different. Incidence between gender were not significantly (P > 0.05).

No / Purpose To determine the usefulness of a battery of potential vision tests (PVTs) including potential acuity meter (PAM), laser interferometer (LI), critical flicker/fusion frequency (CFF), superilluminated pinhole at distance (SPHd) and near (SPHn), and optimal reading speed (ORS) by their independence of the effects of cataracts and sensitivity to macular disease (MD). Setting Department of Optometry, University of Bradford, Bradford and Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom. Methods Potential vision test measurements were determined in 76 patients with age-related cataract and no other eye disease, 52 patients with MD and clear ocular media, and 28 patients with normal, healthy eyes. Results Potential vision tests were independent of the degrading effects of cataract up to a visual acuity (VA) level of 20/200 or worse (CFF), 20/125 (ORS and SPH), and 20/40 (PAM and LI). A high degree of association was found between PVT scores and distance VA in the MD group for SPHd (r2 = 0.93), SPHn (r2 = 0.89), and PAM (r2 = 0.71). A moderate correlation was found for LI (r2 = 0.55), CFF (r2 = 0.50), and ORS (r2 = 0.45). Conclusions Potential acuity meter and LI showed very limited independence to moderate/dense cataracts and inaccurate predictions in patients with MD. Superilluminated pinhole was relatively unaffected by moderate/dense cataract and yet provided accurate predictions in the presence of MD and clear ocular media. Critical flicker/fusion frequency showed the greatest ability to bypass cataracts, although its ability to predict VA in patients with early MD was limited. The ORS was relatively unaffected by moderate/dense cataract, but its poor ability to predict VA in MD may limit its clinical suitability as a PVT.

The commission on radiological protection through publication 118 decided to recommend a change to the eye dose limit in 2011. ICRP recommendations made in publications, especially ‘publication 60’ and its subsequent update ‘publication 103’ has served as standards for regulatory authorities worldwide in limiting ionizing radiation exposure both to workers and members of the public. For example in Canada, the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (CNSC) generally directly adopts recommendations from ICRP. The previous dose limit for the lens of the eye was 150 mSv year-1, based on Publication 60 and 103. Regulatory agencies worldwide have been using this value and subsequently nuclear facilities, hospitals and universities have designed their radiation protection program based on this dose limit for several decades. The new revised eye dose limit now being equivalent to the whole body dose limit will pose significant challenges for sectors where the eye exposure was not characterized as the limit was previously five times over the whole body exposure. A two-step approach was used in conducting this study, firstly a through literature search was conducted on the effects of ionizing radiation to the eye, its radiobiology, fundamentals in established both dose limits was analyzed. Secondly, the authors spent time researching institutions that use ionizing radiation and interviewed engineers, medical physicists, radiation safety officers and regulators from a wide array of fields and industries. Based on the ICRP publications, the review of the literature and the interviews conducted with the nuclear industry, there is consensus in Canada and among IAEA member states that the dose limit for the lens of the eye should be reduced from the original proposed limit of 150 mSv per year. However not to the recommendations suggested by ICRP 118, but, to a standard reasonable and an achievable limit that is 50 mSv per year. / Thesis / Master of Science (MSc) / The International Commission on Radiological Protection (“ICRP”), the independent governing body responsible for radiation protection, since the early 1950s has been issuing recommendations that are widely used as radiological protection standards by regulatory agencies worldwide, primarily UN member states. Since its inception in 1928, the ICRP has served as the basis for radiation protection and value based judgements in protecting both human and non-human biota. In 2011, the commission published (ICRP Pub. 118) its review of epidemiological studies and decided to recommend a change to the previously established eye dose limit. Based on the review of the literature and the research conducted within the academic, veterinary, nuclear and medical industry, there is general consensus in Canada and among IAEA members states that the dose limit for the lens of the eye should be reduced from the original proposed limit, but not to the recommendations suggested by ICRP 118.

Orientador: José Luiz Laus / Banca: Adriana Morales / Banca: Alexandre Lima de Andrade / Resumo: Estudaram-se a pressão intraocular, a densidade e a hexagonalidade de células endoteliais, níveis de Prostaglandina E2 e sua correlação com catarata senil madura (n=8) ou hipermatura (n=8). Adicionalmente, foram utilizados valores de Prostaglandina E2 do humor aquoso de cães oftalmologicamente saudáveis (n=7). Para avaliação da pressão intraocular empregou-se tonometria digital de aplanação. A avaliação da densidade e da hexagonalidade das células endoteliais foi realizada por meio de microscopia especular de não contato. Sob anestesia geral, 0,2mL de humor aquoso foram colhidos por meio de paracentese da câmara anterior. As amostras de aquoso foram congeladas e armazenadas à -80 oC para mensuração da concentração de PGE2, por imunoensaio enzimático competitivo. Os valores foram comparados estatisticamente, empregando-se análise de variância de via única, e o teste de múltiplas comparações de Bonferroni. Teste t não pareado foi utilizado para se avaliar os dados obtidos por microscopia especular. Possíveis correlações entre os resultados foram comparadas aplicando-se o teste de Person. Adotou-se nível de significância de p<0,05. Em ambos os grupos observou-se diminuição significativa da pressão intraocular (PIO), entretanto não houve diferença entre eles (p = 0,90). As médias dos valores de densidade celular (CD) e de hexagonalidade (HEX) foram 2253,363 cell/mm² e 59,03% para GSM e 2058,325 cell/mm² e 63,75% para GSH, respectivamente. Entretanto não houve diferença significativa entre ambos, tanto para CD (p=0,201), quanto para HEX (p=0,61). Observou-se incremento nos valores de PGE2 nos grupos com catarata em relação aos cães oftalmologicamente saudáveis (p<0,001), entretanto, não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos com catarata... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Intraocular pressure, endothelial cell density and hexagonality, and aqueous humor prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) were studied and correlated in dogs with mature (n=8) and hypermature (n=8) senil cataratcs. In addition, aqueous humor PGE2 values of ophthalmic healthy dogs (n=7) were used. Non contact specular microscopy was used to evaluate density and hexagonality of endothelial cells. 0.2mL of aqueous humor was collected by means of anterior chamber paracentesis. Aqueous humor samples were frozen at -80 oC and concentration of PGE2 were quantified by means of competitive enzyme immunoassay. PGE2 values were statistically compared with one way analysis of variance and Bonferroni's multi comparison test. Specular microscopy data were assessed by means of unparied T test. Person's test was used in order to assess possible correlations among data. Significance was set at value of P < 0.05. Values of endothelial cell density and hexagonality did not change significantly between groups (P = 0.61). PGE2 values were significantly higher in dogs with cataract, when compared with ophthalmic healthy dogs (P < 0.001), however, this parameter did not change significantly between mature and hypermature groups (P > 0.05). Is it possible tosay that cataract patients in stages of maturity or hipermaturity develop uveitis... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-09T18:25:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marco Antonio Rey de Faria - 2016.pdf: 3043847 bytes, checksum: 512ed9e52ebaf0c4f330fddad352734c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Jaqueline Silva (jtas29@gmail.com) on 2016-11-09T18:26:09Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marco Antonio Rey de Faria - 2016.pdf: 3043847 bytes, checksum: 512ed9e52ebaf0c4f330fddad352734c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-11-09T18:26:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Marco Antonio Rey de Faria - 2016.pdf: 3043847 bytes, checksum: 512ed9e52ebaf0c4f330fddad352734c (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-02 / To evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical devicethat intented to help in the preparation of the anterior capsulorhexis analyzing the design and shape, comparing with capsulorhexis made by free hand.Methods:Three third-year ophthalmology residents at the Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes and onesurgeon in training, participate in this research as volunteers. Each surgeon perform 5 capsulorhexis in porcine eyes using the device, and five others by free hand as a control. All capsulorhexis were photographed having a ruler as reference to guide and calibrate a computer application formorphometric evaluation (Cambuí Labs, Natal, Brazil). All surgeons aimed to produce a circular continuous capsulorhexis of 5 mm diameterthat represents 15,7mm in perimeter and 19,652mm2in area.Each wet-lab capsulorhexis was evaluated in regard to these criteria: diameter (mean, maximum and minimum), perimeter, area, deviation from the ideal diameter and ideal shape.Results:Compare to control groups, capsulorhexis with the aid of the surgical device by the residents and surgeon in training showed significant improvement in these evaluated criteria: 5,44mm ±0,89 (with device) vs 6,37mm ±0,67 (free hand) for capsulorhexis diameter (p=0,001); 17,52mm±1,92 (with device) vs 20,14mm ±2,09 (free hand) for capsulorhexis perimeter (<0.001); 24,73mm2±1,92 (with device) vs 32,62mm2±6,36 (free hand) for capsulorhexis area (p<0,001). A tendency for better result with the aid of the surgical device was observed for deviation of an ideal diameter or ideal aspect were appreciated: 0,87mm ±0,05 (with device) vs 0,9 ±0,04 (free hand) for deviation of a curve (p=0,06); 1,26mm ±0,12 (with device) vs 1,21mm ±0,7 (free hand) for the capsulorhexis aspect (p=0,09).Conclusion:Capsulorhexis produced with the aid of the surgical device, by surgeons in training, significantly improved wet-lab capsulorhexis performance and their measurements were close to the desired target goals. / Este estudo tem por objetivo avaliar a eficácia de um marcador para ajudar na confecção da capsulorrexe anterior analisando o seu dimensionamento e formato, comparando com a capsulorrexe confeccionada manualmente de maneira livre. Métodos: como experimento, 3 residentes do terceiro ano da Residência em Oftalmologia do Hospital Universitário Onofre Lopes (HUOL) e 1 oftalmologista em treinamento, todos voluntários, realizaram (cada um) 10 capsulorrexes em olhos de porco enucleados oriundosdo matadouro público. Em 5 olhos foi utilizado o marcador e em outros 5, não. Marcados ou não, os olhos foram fotografados tendo ao lado uma régua para orientar e calibrar um aplicativo desenvolvido pela Cambuí Labs.(Natal, Brasil) para a avaliação morfométrica do procedimento. O diâmetro alvo foi de 5 mm, cujo perímetro correspondente é 15,7 mm e a área 19,652 mm2. Foram avaliados em cada procedimento: os diâmetros máximo, mínimo e médio, o perímetro, a área, o desvio em relação ao diâmetro ideal e o desvio quanto ao aspecto ideal.Resultados: houve uma diferença estatisticamente significativa em favor do grupo no qual se utilizou o marcador: em relação ao diâmetro ideal, 5,44mm(±0,89) quando se utilizou o marcador (COM), contra 6,37mm(±0,67) quando não se utilizou o marcador (SEM), p=0,001; quanto ao perímetro ideal, 17,52mm(±1,92) (COM), contra 20,14mm(±2,09) (SEM), p<0,001 e quanto a área ideal, 24,73mm2(±1,92)no grupo COM, contra 32,62mm2(±6,32) no grupo SEM, p<0,001. Em relação ao aspecto da capsulorrexe 1,26mm(±0,12) no grupo COM, contra 1,21mm(±0,7) no grupo SEM, p=0,09 e em relação ao desvio de curvatura: 0,87(±0,05) no grupo COM, contra 0,9(±0,04) no grupo SEM, p=0,06. Em ambos não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa. Conclusão: O presente trabalho mostrou que o marcador aqui avaliado é eficaz para auxiliar a confecção da capsulorrexe conduzindo a resultados morfométricos melhores que o método a mão livre e muito próximos ao objetivo alvo desejado, tanto em seu dimensionamento como em seu formato.

Development of cataracts is a relatively frequent ocular disease of the dog and cataract extraction via phacoemulsification (PE) is commonly performed by veterinary ophthalmologists. Postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) describes the elevation of pressures within the eye during the acute postoperative period and can result in vision loss and poor surgical outcome. Relatively little is known about risk factors or efficacy of prophylactic treatment for POH, and current clinical practice with regard to pressure monitoring and medication administration are highly variable. The literature on POH prophylaxis in humans indicates that improved efficacy may be achieved with a multi-dose approach and that dorzolamide hydrochloride/timolol maleate (DHTM) may be more efficacious than other pressure lowering medications. The canine literature on POH prophylaxis is limited and DHTM has not yet been evaluated despite common use in the clinical setting. Our objectives, therefore, were to investigate risk factors for POH and to test the hypothesis that perioperative topical ophthalmic dorzolamide hydrochloride 2%/timolol maleate 0.5% (DHTM) reduces the prevalence and/or severity of postoperative ocular hypertension (POH) in dogs undergoing cataract extraction by phacoemulsification (PE). We employed a randomized double-masked placebo-controlled study and enrolled 103 dogs (180 eyes) presenting for unilateral or bilateral PE. Select historical, signalment, ophthalmic examination, and surgical data was collected. Dogs were treated with DHTM or Blink Contacts (BC) placebo at 14- and 2-h preoperatively and at conclusion of surgical closure. Intraocular pressures were assessed by rebound tonometry at 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours after surgery and at 8 am the following morning. POH was defined as IOP>25 mmHg and intervention consisted of latanoprost 0.005% if IOP rose to 26 mmHg - 45 mmHg or surgeon treatment of choice if >45 mmHg. Our investigation of risk factors yielded a statistically significant association only with surgeon and surgical time, which were also associated with one another. DHTM significantly reduced the prevalence of POH in comparison with BC (26% versus 49% of eyes, OR=0.36; 34% versus 62% of dogs, OR=0.32). There was also a trend toward reduction of POH severity in DHTM-treated eyes (POH value 37.17±10.47 mmHg with BC, 32.67±6.39 mmHg with DHTM). DHTM-treated eyes that developed POH were significantly more likely to respond favorably (1 hour post-treatment IOP <25 mmHg) to treatment with latanoprost than those in the BC group (76% versus 51%, OR=3.87). We conclude that multi-dose perioperative administration of DHTM may be recommended in dogs undergoing PE to reduce the risk of POH and improve responsiveness of POH to treatment with latanoprost. / Master of Science

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