This thesis explores the role of multimodality in language learners’ comprehension, and more specifically, the effects on students’ audio-visual comprehension when different orchestrations of modes appear in the visualization of vodcasts. Firstly, I describe the state of the art of its three main areas of concern, namely the evolution of meaning-making, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), and audio-visual comprehension. One of the most important contributions in the theoretical overview is the suggested integrative model of audio-visual comprehension, which attempts to explain how students process information received from different inputs. Secondly, I present a study based on the following research questions: ‘Which modes are orchestrated throughout the vodcasts?’, ‘Are there any multimodal ensembles that are more beneficial for students’ audio-visual comprehension?’, and ‘What are the students’ attitudes towards audio-visual (e.g., vodcasts) compared to traditional audio (e.g., audio tracks) comprehension activities?’. Along with these research questions, I have formulated two hypotheses: Audio-visual comprehension improves when there is a greater number of orchestrated modes, and students have a more positive attitude towards vodcasts than traditional audios when carrying out comprehension activities. The study includes a multimodal discourse analysis, audio-visual comprehension tests, and students’ questionnaires. The multimodal discourse analysis of two British Council’s language learning vodcasts, entitled English is GREAT and Camden Fashion, using ELAN as the multimodal annotation tool, shows that there are a variety of multimodal ensembles of two, three and four modes. The audio-visual comprehension tests were given to 40 Spanish students, learning English as a foreign language, after the visualization of vodcasts. These comprehension tests contain questions related to specific orchestrations of modes appearing in the vodcasts. The statistical analysis of the test results, using repeated-measures ANOVA, reveal that students obtain better audio-visual comprehension results when the multimodal ensembles are constituted by a greater number of orchestrated modes. Finally, the data compiled from the questionnaires, conclude that students have a more positive attitude towards vodcasts in comparison to traditional audio listenings. Results from the audio-visual comprehension tests and questionnaires prove the two hypotheses of this study.

En esta investigación se tiene como objetivo analizar los elementos visuales del diseño gráfico que aporten a la comprensión de las caricaturas políticas que tengan como personaje principal a Alberto Fujimori desde 2016 a 2019. Esto con la finalidad de observar cuales son los componentes recurrentes al momento de ser criticado. Por ello, se identificó los elementos visuales que logran comunicar el mensaje del caricaturista y como el público comprende este mediante la gráfica. En el cual se considera el contexto como un eje importante en el proceso de la comunicación visual. Por lo tanto, se realizó un análisis de veinte caricaturas publicadas por El Otorongo, en los años anteriormente mencionado. El análisis es del tipo documental y denotativo para cada caricatura seleccionada, asimismo se realizó veinte entrevistas a un público diverso etario para descubrir su percepción de la caricatura política y conocer sus conocimientos de los elementos visuales. Un resultado destacable es que el color ayuda al público a asimilar rápidamente de que partido se habla, así como el uso de textura para reflejar la realidad. Asimismo, consideran que poseer un conocimiento vasto de diversos personajes del universo político es relevante para captar el mensaje. Por último, Alberto Fujimori es un político que en los últimos años se encuentra en diversas controversias. Esto se debe a que Keiko y Kenji Fujimori son sus hijos que han seguido el camino político como él. / The objective of this research is to analyze the visual elements of graphic design that contribute to the understanding of political cartoons whose main character is Alberto Fujimori from 2016 to 2019. This in order to observe which are the recurring components at the time of be criticized. For this reason, the visual elements that manage to communicate the cartoonist's message and how the public understands it through graphics were identified. In which the context is considered as an important axis in the process of visual communication. Therefore, an analysis of twenty cartoons published by El Otorongo, in the aforementioned years, was carried out. The analysis is of the documentary and denotative type for each selected cartoon. Twenty interviews were also conducted with a diverse audience of ages to discover their perception of the political cartoon and learn about their knowledge of visual elements. A remarkable result is that the color helps the public to quickly assimilate what party is being talked about, as well as the use of texture to reflect reality. Likewise, they consider that having a vast knowledge of various characters in the political universe is relevant to get the message. Finally, Alberto Fujimori is a politician who has found himself in various controversies in recent years. This is because Keiko and Kenji Fujimori are his sons who have followed the political path like him. / Trabajo de investigación