Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-12-17Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:10:27Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 navarro_ff_me_arafcf.pdf: 684197 bytes, checksum: fc9c38f816f9b31974ec77890505e648 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / Cissus gongylodes Planchon (Vitaceae) é popularmente utilizada no tratamento de processos inflamatórios e de cálculos renais e biliares, onde o infuso tem sido utilizado por períodos prolongados, até que supostamente os cálculos sejam expelidos. Embora no Brasil a legislação procure garantir a segurança e qualidade de fitoterápicos, ainda são insuficientes os registros e estudos relacionados com estes produtos utilizados pela população. Sendo assim, o presente trabalho teve como objetivos: realizar uma análise farmacobotânica de exemplares de C. gongylodes ocorrentes no “Horto de Plantas Medicinais e Tóxicas da FCF/UNESP”, Campus de Araraquara; obter drogas vegetais distintas; realizar ensaios fitoquímicos preliminares para conhecer as características farmacognósticas de amostras das drogas eleitas de C. gongylodes; realizar o controle de qualidade físico-químico e microbiológico utilizando metodologias baseadas em compêndios oficiais e literatura, determinar a atividade antimicrobiana das drogas e avaliar alguns aspectos da toxicidade pré-clínica de extratos aquosos de C. gongylodes. A análise farmacobotânica permitiu identificar e caracterizar a espécie. Os testes histoquímicos evidenciaram a presença de compostos, os quais foram confirmados através dos ensaios farmacognósticos evidenciando a presença de taninos, flavonóides e alcalóides. O controle de qualidade físico-químico e microbiológico mostrou que as drogas vegetais obtidas do caule e das folhas de C. gongylodes encontram-se dentro dos valores de referência microbiológicos. Não foi identificada atividade antimicrobiana das amostras nas condições do experimento. Do ponto de vista toxicológico nenhum... / Cissus gongylodes Planchon (Vitaceae) is popularly used for the treatment of inflammations and the renal biliary microcrystals in which the infusion has been used for prolonged periods, supposedly to expel the calculus. There are still insufficient registers and studies connected with these products used by the population, although the legislation in Brazil tries to guarantee the security and quality of phytotherapics. For that reason, the objective of the present thesis is to carry out a pharmacobotany analysis of samples of C. gongylodes which has been happening to the “Horto de Plantas Medicinais e Tóxicas da FCF/UNESP”- Campus of Araraquara; to obtain different vegetable drugs for the continuance of the study; to carry out preliminary phytochemistry tests to know the characteristics pharmacognostic of samples of the elected drugs of C. gongylodes; to carry the chemical-physical and microbiological quality control using methodologies based on official compendia and literature; and also, to assess the antimicrobial activity of the drugs and some features of the toxicity of aqueous extracts of C. gongylodes pre-clinically. The pharmacobotany analysis has allowed to identify and to characterize the sort. The histochemistry tests have showed up the presence of compounds which were confirmed through the pharmacognostic tests that showed the presence of tannins, flavonoid and alkaloids. Furthermore, the chemical-physical and microbiological quality control are inside the microbiological values of reference and the antimicrobial activity of the samples was not identified in these conditions of the experiment. From the toxicological point of view, none of the parameters assessed showed significant... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Orientador: Graziela Maciel Barroso / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Biologia / Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-19T13:07:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lombardi_JulioAntonio_D.pdf: 20663009 bytes, checksum: 75690ca4e6fce1357ccc16682506e4e8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 1994 / Resumo: Cissus é o maior gênero de Vitaceae no mundo com cerca de 350 espécies, e na América do Sul o único ocorrente naturalmente com exceção de uma espécie de Vitis. Cinqüenta e três espécies foram reconhecidas para a América do Sul, vinte destas novas para a ciência e para as quais novos nomes são sugeridos, além de uma nova subespécie. Para as restantes trinta e três espécies novos sinônimos, combinações e alterações de status são sugeridos. Uma chave dicotômica é fornecida para a determinação das espécies. Para cada uma das 53 espécies apresentam-se neste trabalho: descrição morfológica, mapa de distribuição geográfica, dados fenológicos e ecológicos e nomes vulgares. Também são citados os espécimens examinados e esclarecido o status dos nomes publicados para estas espécies, propondo-se a sinonimização de vários destes. São apresentados dados gerais sobre morfologia, quimiotaxonomia citologia, filogenia e evolução, ecologia e usos, assim como uma breve introdução histórica. Dados novos sobre a morfologia de tricomas, frutos e sementes são dados, discutindo-se a sua importância na taxonomia do gênero / Abstract: Cissus is the biggest genus of Vitaceae in the world, and in South America is the only wich occurs naturally, with the exception of a species of the genus Vitis. Fifty three species of Cissus were recognized in South America, twenty of them new for science and threfore new names were proposed, besides a new subspecies. For the remainder thirty three species new synonyms, combinations and status change were proposed. Also a dichotomous key is provided for the species. For each of the fifty three species it was presented on this work: morphological description, geographic distribution phenological and ecological notes and vernacular names. AIso it was cited the specimens examined, and clarified for present status of alI names published for the south american species, and the synonymization for many of these names were proposed. General data about morphology, chemotaxonomy, citology, phylogeny and evolution, ecology, uses and a short historical introduction were presented. New data on the morphology of tricomes, seed and fruit are given, and its importance in genus taxonomy is discussed. / Doutorado / Doutor em Ciências Biológicas

Grape root borer, Vitacea polistiformis (Harris), is an oligophagous pest of grapevines in the eastern USA. Neonates must burrow into the soil to find grape roots. In Virginia, larvae feed on roots for ~2 years, then pupate just beneath the soil surface. Emerging adults leave an empty pupal exuviae at the soil surface around the vine base. There was no relationship between weekly captures in pheromone traps and pupal exuviae counts, indicating that exuviae sampling is most appropriate to assess infestations. Exuviae sampling in Virginia vineyards revealed infestations that ranged from light to very heavy. Eighteen biotic and abiotic variables were measured and used in analyses that assessed their relative contributions to differences in exuviae density. Water holding capacity and clay/sand ratio were most strongly associated with pupal exuviae density; these variables were used to develop a model for predicting the extent of infestation of individual vineyards. The spatial distribution of pupal exuviae was characterized using non-spatial and geospatial techniques. Although the non-spatial method (Taylor's Power Law) indicated that exuviae showed an aggregated distribution in all blocks, spatial methods (variograms, SADIE) revealed aggregated distributions only in blocks with ≥ 0.5 pupal exuviae per vine. Independent pupal exuviae samples for population assessment in vineyards can be achieved using sampling points separated by >8.8 m. Combined results from geospatial analyses and the temporal distribution of pupal exuviae within years enabled the development of a practical and quantitative sampling protocol. Bioassays used to measure the behavioral response of larvae to host stimuli revealed that neonates were attracted to grape root volatiles. In soil column bioassays, larvae moved vertically and horizontally over distances of up to 120 cm and apparently perceived the presence of grape roots from a distance of 5 cm in soil. Results are discussed in relation to their potential implications for monitoring and managing grape root borer. / Ph. D.