Students studying under the new senior secondary school curriculum in Hong Kong can either perform community service under the Other Learning Experiences (OLE) organized by schools or volunteer their time for service. The primary aims of this study are to report the community service involvement of a selected group of secondary school students in Hong Kong, and to explore the impact of different types of community services on students’ intention to volunteer, volunteer satisfaction, and sense of personal and social responsibility. This study also investigates the effects of various individual and volunteering factors on students’ continuation of volunteering in Hong Kong. A quantitative, cross-sectional research design was used to examine the relationship between community service and other variables, namely responsibility, intention and satisfaction on young people in Hong Kong. A total of 1,046 secondary school students aged between 13 and 21 were recruited via purposive sampling from seven secondary schools. The respondents in this study consisted of Forms 5 to 6 students, and they completed the self-administered questionnaire containing 92 items to measure the theory of planned behavior personal and social responsibility, volunteer satisfaction and continuation of volunteering. Based on their participation in community service under the OLE and their self-organized volunteer services, four groups of respondents can be identified. They are: 1) those who participated in both OLE-related community services and self-organized volunteer services (N=461, 44.84%); 2) those who participated in self-organized volunteer services only (N=339, 32.98%); 3) those who participated in OLE-related community services only (N=38, 3.70%) and 4) those who did not participate in any form of community services (N=190, 18.48%). As expected, findings indicate that the factors of gender, level of educational attainment and prior community service involvement are associated with volunteer intention, satisfaction, responsibility and continuation of volunteering. The results also highlight that those who did not participate in any form of community services in the past 12 years had the lowest scores on the Theory of Planned Behavior-Chinese (TPB-C) scale and continuation of volunteering behaviors. Students with only OLE-related community service participation had the lowest scores on Personal and Social Responsibility Scale-Chinese (PSRS-C), and Volunteer Satisfaction Index-Chinese (VSI-C). An Ordinal Logistic Regression analysis showed that the Theory of Planned Behavior, personal and social responsibility, and volunteer satisfaction are predictors of students’ continuation of volunteering behaviors. This study offers further implications for school personnel and youth workers who work closely with young people and promote volunteerism among secondary school students. Students with voluntary community service experience (i.e. those who both participated in OLE-related community services and self-organized volunteer services, and those who participated in self-organized volunteer services only) have higher scores in their volunteer intention, satisfaction and responsibility. Practitioners can engage students with different community service programs in fostering their positive development. Practitioners can also improve service design and related arrangements with reference to the results of the study. For example, practitioners could encourage young people to serve specific targets that will ultimately bring about the most benefit to their continued volunteering. Further research is needed to validate and refine the scales of TPB-C and PSRS-C in the Chinese context, to explore factors in facilitating students’ continuing service involvement, and to develop evidence-based service programs for young people in Hong Kong. / published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Master / Master of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / Social Work and Social Administration / Master / Master of Social Sciences

本研究從人類學角度探討非牟利或慈善工作於香港的現況，以志願者及全職受薪工作人員為主要研究對象，並對他們的個人背景、以至他們對慈善工作的看法，作出詳細分析和比較。田野訪談結果顯示，慈善團體內的全職受薪工作人員，在業餘參與義務工作的原因各異；其參與義務工作的原因，不外乎偶然機會，又或是希望暫時逃離刻板的辦公室生活。然而，把他們慈善團體受薪工作與“意義掛勾的報導人當中，又以經濟獨立、服務性質屬於後勤者居多。 / 而志願者方面，他們參與義務工作的目的，主要為了獲取獨特經歷、學習技能、接觸社會上不同層面的人士，以及服務他人。本研究指出：雖然志願工作相對簡單，也不一定在表現上勝於全職行政服務工作，但是通常被認定為更具意義，也對服務對象更有助益。而通過田野訪談及觀察所得，志願工作者與全職職員在參與工作的動機最大不同之處，乃他們的家庭責任觀，以及經濟狀況。作者旨在說明“慈善相關工作的意義“，在香港這個社經氛圍底下，主要在於經濟獨立程度；由是，從參與慈善相關工作衍生出來的象徵性資本，在工作非為應付迫切經濟需要時，方才顯得重要。 / The present thesis is an attempt to understand the meaning of nonprofit work, both paid and unpaid, in Hong Kong. Specifically, I wish to understand the motivations individuals have for becoming involved in paid and volunteer nonprofit work, and how these individuals negotiate new identities for themselves through their involvement in this work. This thesis argues that, rather than a purely spontaneous outpouring of goodwill, altruism itself is a self-enhancement strategy and a counterbalance to the frustrations imposed by a capitalist society no longer able to offer the same promises for fulfillment in work that might have been expected previously. Altruistic acts, both paid and unpaid, are a way for individuals to renegotiate more positive identities for themselves. The “meaning in meaningful employment belongs disproportionately to those who already enjoy a comparatively great amount of economic freedom. Moving to lower levels of economic freedom finds individuals employed in altruistic roles more likely to perceive of their work as personally fulfilling, rather than identifying with the mission of their chosen organizations, while at the lowest levels, we find individuals who have merely ended up in their roles by accident. / The same self-enhancement strategy used by paid employees appears in the narratives of volunteers. While the primary spoken motivations of volunteers interviewed are to enjoy unique experiences and gain skills, to come into contact with different types of people, and to help others (confirming previous research on the reasons why people volunteer), the specific motivation a volunteer reports aligns closely with their relative level of socioeconomic mobility. Thus, the key difference between volunteers and full-time employees is that volunteers conceive of their volunteering as an enhancement of their primary identity as a worker or member of a family, rather than as a rejection of those roles. I argue that the life cycle of working-class and middle-class Hong Kong people makes societally meaningful employment a luxury that few can afford. In short, the ability to spend one’s time meaningfully is itself a marker of high socioeconomic standing. Thus, those with greater socioeconomic standing are more likely to be praised for their involvement, though their contribution is less reliable, their role is more interchangeable, and the work has the least interaction with the very problems they are trying to solve. Altruism functions as another form of cultural capital with which individuals fashion and assert their own place within the social hierarchy. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Mc Kay, Scott Alan. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 144-149). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in also in Chinese. / Abstract --- p.i / 論文摘要 --- p.iii / Declaration of Anonymity and Confidentiality --- p.iv / Acknowledgements --- p.v / List of Figures --- p.vii / Table of Contents --- p.viii / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / About Hong Kong’s nonprofit sector --- p.3 / Literature Review --- p.7 / Objectives and Significance --- p.28 / Methodology --- p.30 / Chapter Overview --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Employees of NGOs --- p.37 / Public performance and private selves: the meaning-motivated employee --- p.38 / Challenge and Moral Ambiguity: Experience-motivated Employees --- p.56 / Chance and Personal Connection: Unmotivated Employees --- p.65 / Conclusion --- p.73 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Volunteers of NGOs --- p.76 / Community, Altruism and the Abstract Meaning of Volunteer Work --- p.77 / Self-enhancement and Growing Up: Experience-Oriented Volunteering --- p.91 / The Influence of the Life Cycle --- p.113 / The Social Hierarchy of Moral Capital --- p.117 / Conclusion --- p.121 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.123 / The Thesis --- p.124 / Analysis --- p.125 / Limitations of the study --- p.130 / Suggestions for further research --- p.133 / Final Thoughts --- p.136 / References cited --- p.137

by Tam Yin-Mui. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 31-32). / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Design of the Study --- p.1 / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 2 --- Aspects of the Study / Chapter 3 --- Methodology / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Hong Kong Red Cross --- p.7 / Chapter 1 --- Origin and Development / Chapter 2 --- Organization Structure / Chapter 3 --- Remarks / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Current Situations --- p.11 / Chapter 1 --- Government Relationship / Chapter 2 --- Social Perception on Voluntarism / Chapter 3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Planning system --- p.15 / Chapter 1 --- Planning Process / Chapter 2 --- Planning Scope / Chapter 3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 5 --- Control System --- p.20 / Chapter 1 --- Communication and Control / Chapter 2 --- Performance Measurement and Evaluation / Chapter 3 --- Discussion / Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusions --- p.25 / Chapter 1 --- About Structure / Chapter 2 --- About Planning / Chapter 3 --- About Control / Chapter 4 --- Final Remarks / References --- p.31 / Appendix 1 Fundamental Principles of the Red Cross --- p.33 / Chapter 2 --- Organization Chart of the British Red Cross Society --- p.34 / Chapter 3 --- "HKRC Ordinance,1976" --- p.35 / Chapter 4 --- "HKRC Rules,1990" --- p.38 / Chapter 5 a --- Questions set for Blood Transfusion Service --- p.43 / Chapter b --- Questions set for Red Cross Schools --- p.44 / Chapter c --- Questions set for Youth and Welfare Service --- p.45 / Chapter d --- Interview Record with Mrs. Fu --- p.46 / Chapter 6 --- Organization chart of HKRC --- p.48 / Chapter 7 --- Youth and Welfare System Chart --- p.49 / Chapter 8 --- Terms of Reference for Youth and Welfare Committee --- p.50 / "Exhibit 1 Expenditure of Social Welfare Department, 89/90" --- p.51 / Chapter 2 --- "Blood Transfusion Service, Income 90/91" --- p.52 / Chapter 3 --- "Red Cross Schools, Income 90/91" --- p.53 / Chapter 4 --- "General Fund, Income 90/91" --- p.54 / Chapter 5 --- "a-c Demographic data,1981" --- p.55 / Chapter 6 --- "Expenditure of HKRC on Activities, 90/91" --- p.58 / Chapter 7 --- "Financial Allocation of HKRC, 90/91" --- p.59

許英. / Thesis (doctoral)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2008. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 354-392). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Xu Ying.