Chi-man Au. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 74-90. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.ii / Chapter I --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter II --- LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter III --- MATERIALS AND METHODS / Chapter A --- Study of the growth pattern of the fruit body of Volvariella volvacea / Chapter 1 --- Measurement of growth rate of fruit bodies --- p.24 / Chapter 2 --- Study of the dependence on the cap and mycelium for development of fruit bodies --- p.26 / Chapter 3 --- Study of stipe elongation --- p.26 / Chapter B --- A preliminary study of the cell wall of Volvariella volvacea / Chapter 1 --- Preparation of the cell wall --- p.27 / Chapter 2 --- Calculation of the percentage weight of cell wall --- p.28 / Chapter 3 --- Chemical fractionation of the cell wall --- p.29 / Chapter 4 --- Determination of glucose content of the cell wall --- p.29 / Chapter 5 --- Determination of N-acetylglucosaimine content --- p.30 / Chapter C --- A study of the properties of chitin synthetase in Volvariella volvacea / Chapter 1 --- Preparation of enzyme fraction --- p.31 / Chapter 2 --- Assay of enzyme activity --- p.32 / Chapter 3 --- Protein determination --- p.33 / Chapter 4 --- Determination of optimal temperature of incubation --- p.34 / Chapter 5 --- Determination of the optimal pH --- p.34 / Chapter 6 --- Determination of the variation of product incorporation with time --- p.35 / Chapter 7 --- Determination of the stability of the enzyme --- p.35 / Chapter 8 --- Determination of the Michaelis-Menten constants of the enzyme in the absence and presence of N-acetylglucosamine --- p.35 / Chapter D --- To find the change in specific activity of chitin synthetase from different stages of the fruit bodies --- p.36 / Chapter IV --- RESULTS / Chapter A --- Study of the growth pattern of the fruit bodies of Volvariella volvacea / Chapter 1 --- Measurement of the growth rate of the fruit bodies --- p.37 / Chapter 2 --- The dependance on the cap and mycelium for development of the fruit bodies --- p.37 / Chapter 3 --- Study of stipe elongation --- p.40 / Chapter B --- Study of the cell wall of Volvariella volvacea / Chapter 1 --- Percentage weight of the cell wall --- p.40 / Chapter 2 --- Chemical fractionation of the cell wall --- p.42 / Chapter 3 --- The glucose content of the cell wall --- p.42 / Chapter 4 --- The N-acetylglucosamine content of the cell wall --- p.46 / Chapter C --- The properties of chitin synthetase from the mycelium of Volvariella volvacea / Chapter 1 --- The optimal temperature of incubation --- p.46 / Chapter 2 --- The optimal pH of incubation --- p.49 / Chapter 3 --- The variation of product incubation with time --- p.49 / Chapter 4 --- The stability of chitin synthetase in Volvariella volvacea --- p.49 / Chapter 5 --- The Michaelis-Menten constants (Km) of chitin synthetase in the absence and pre-sence of N-acetylglucosamine --- p.53 / Chapter D --- The change in specific activity of chitin synthetase from fruit bodies of different developmental stages --- p.53 / Chapter V --- DISCUSSION --- p.62 / Chapter VI --- SUMMARY --- p.72 / Chapter VII --- REFERENCES --- p.74

Suk-chun Cheng. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 165-180. / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / ABSTRACT --- p.v / TABLE OF CONTENTS --- p.viii / Chapter Part 1 / Chapter Chapter 1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- GENERAL REVIEW --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1 --- MUSHROOM PRODUCTION --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.1 --- Economic aspects --- p.5 / Chapter 2.1.2 --- Biological aspects --- p.7 / Chapter 2.2 --- NUTRITIVE VALUE OF MUSHROOMS --- p.10 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Proximate composition --- p.11 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Fat --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Carbohydrate and fibre --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Vitamins and minerals --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Protein --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Protein quantity --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.5.1 --- Protein quality --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.5.3 --- Protein digestibility --- p.26 / Chapter Part 2 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- PROXIMATE COMPOSITION --- p.30 / Chapter 3.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.30 / Chapter 3.2 --- MATERIALS AN1D METHODS --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Preparation of composts and cultivation of mushrooms --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Spawn preparation --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Sample collection and pretreatment --- p.32 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Determination of proximate composition --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.4.1 --- Total nitrogen --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2.4.2 --- Crude fat --- p.37 / Chapter 3.2.4.3 --- N-free carbohydrate --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.4.4 --- Crude fibre --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2.4.5 --- Ash --- p.40 / Chapter 3.2.4.6 --- Energy value --- p.41 / Chapter 3.3 --- RESULTS --- p.42 / Chapter 3.4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.48 / Chapter Part 3 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- MINERIALS AND VITAMINS --- p.64 / Chapter 4.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.64 / Chapter 4.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Preparation of composts and cultivation of mushrooms --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Spawn preparation --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Sample collection and pretreatment --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Determination of minerals --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2.4.1 --- Determination of phosphorus --- p.67 / Chapter 4.2.4.2 --- "Determination of sodium, and potassium" --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.4.3 --- Determination of calcium --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2.4.4 --- Determination of magnesium --- p.69 / Chapter 4.2.4.5 --- "Determination of copper,zinc, iron, manganese,cobalt, lead and cadmium" --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Determination of vitamins --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.5.1 --- Determination of thiamine --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.5.2 --- Determination of niacin --- p.73 / Chapter 4.2.5.3 --- Determination of riboflavin --- p.75 / Chapter 4.3 --- RESULTS --- p.78 / Chapter 4.4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.94 / Chapter Chapter 5 --- AMINO ACID COMPOSITION --- p.98 / Chapter 5.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.98 / Chapter 5.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Preparation of composts and cultivation of mushrooms --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Spawn preparation --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Sample collection and pretreatment --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Determination of amino acid composition --- p.100 / Chapter 5.2.4.1 --- Determination of amino acid composition by acid hydrolysis --- p.101 / Chapter 5.2.4.2 --- Determination of tryp-tophan by alkaline hydrolysis --- p.103 / Chapter 5.2.4.3 --- Determination of in vitro Pepsin-Pancreatin Digest Index --- p.104 / Chapter 5.3 --- RESULTS --- p.106 / Chapter 5.4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.120 / Chapter Chapter 6 --- NUCLEIC ACIDS --- p.132 / Chapter 6.1 --- INTRODUCTION --- p.132 / Chapter 6.2 --- MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Preparation of composts and cultivation of mushrooms --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Spawn preparation --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Sample collection and pretreatment --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Determination of nucleic acids --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.4.1 --- Determination of DNA --- p.134 / Chapter 6.2.4.2 --- Determination of RNA --- p.136 / Chapter 6.3 --- RESULTS --- p.138 / Chapter 6.4 --- DISCUSSION --- p.142 / Chapter Part 4 / Chapter Chapter 7 --- GENERAL SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION --- p.146 / Chapter Appendix 1 --- SAMPLE COLLECTION AND PRETREATMENT --- p.150 / Chapter Appendix 2 --- PREPARATION OF REAGENTS --- p.154 / REFERENCES --- p.165

Sui-fong Li. / Thesis (M.Ph.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong.

by Shicheng Chen. / "July, 2003." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 206-232). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by He Xiaoyi. / Year shown on spine: 1997. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1996. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 79-90). / List of Tables --- p.I / List of Illustrations --- p.II / List of Abbreviations --- p.III / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Fungal life cycles --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Heterothallism --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1.1 --- Bipolar incompatibility --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.1.2 --- Tetrapolar incompatibility --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Homothallism --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2.1 --- Primary homothallism --- p.2 / Chapter 1.1.2.2 --- Secondary homothallism --- p.3 / Chapter 1.2 --- Biology of homothallic Volvariella volvacea --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Genetic mechanisms generating variations in fungi --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.1 --- Meiotic recombination --- p.8 / Chapter 1.3.2 --- Mitotic recombination --- p.9 / Chapter 1.3.3 --- Fungal mitochondrial genomes --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3.1 --- Structure of fungal mitochondrial genome --- p.11 / Chapter 1.3.3.2 --- Mitochondrial plasmids --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.3.3 --- Mitochondrial inheritance --- p.14 / Chapter 1.3.3.4 --- Mitochondrial polymorphisms --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3.4 --- Transposons --- p.16 / Chapter 1.4 --- Genetic studies of mushrooms by molecular and protoplast tools --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1 --- Genetic markers --- p.17 / Chapter 1.4.1.1 --- Restriction fragement length polymorphisms (RFLPs) --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1.2 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.18 / Chapter 1.4.1.2.1 --- Arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) --- p.20 / Chapter 1.4.2 --- Protoplasts --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.2.1 --- Protoplast isolation --- p.23 / Chapter 1.4.2.2 --- Mycolytic enzymes --- p.24 / Chapter 1.4.2.3 --- Osmotic stabilizers --- p.26 / Chapter 1.4.2.4 --- Physiological condition of mycelium --- p.27 / Chapter 1.4.2.5 --- Protoplast regeneration --- p.28 / Chapter 1.4.2.6 --- Application of protoplasts --- p.28 / Chapter 1.5 --- Purpose and significance of this genetic study on V. volvacea --- p.29 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.30 / Chapter 2.1 --- Organism --- p.30 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cell cultivation and maintenance --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3 --- Solutions and chemicals --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Solutions for DNA isolation --- p.30 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Solutions for agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.31 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- PCR primers and reagents --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4 --- DNA extraction and purification --- p.31 / Chapter 2.5 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.32 / Chapter 2.6 --- Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.7 --- Protoplast isolation and regeneration --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- Preparation of protoplasts --- p.34 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Regeneration of protoplasts --- p.34 / Chapter 2.8 --- Single spore isolation and germination --- p.35 / Chapter 2.9 --- Growth rate measurement --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Colony diameter measurement --- p.36 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Biomass gain measurement --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.38 / Chapter 3.1 --- Genomic DNA extraction --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2 --- Genetic analyses of V34 and its progenies --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Protoplast regenerants --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1.1 --- Protoplast preparation --- p.38 / Chapter 3.2.1.2 --- Protoplast regeneration --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.1.3 --- Morphology of V34 protoplast regenerants --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.1.4 --- Growth rate measurement --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.1.5 --- AP-PCR analysis of V34 protoplast regenerants --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- V34 single spore isolates (SSIs) - F1 progenies --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.1 --- Single spore isolation and germination --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.2 --- Morphology of F1 progenies --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.3 --- Growth rate measurement --- p.48 / Chapter 3.2.2.4 --- AP-PCR analysis of 10 V34 single spore isolates --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.2.5 --- Fruiting ability of F1 progenies --- p.51 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Single spore isolates from F1 progenies-F2 progenies --- p.54 / Chapter 3.2.3.1 --- Colony morphology and growth rate --- p.54 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.59 / Chapter 4.1 --- Protoplast isolation and regeneration --- p.59 / Chapter 4.2 --- Phenotypic variations in Volvariella volvacea --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Colony morphology --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Growth rate --- p.61 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Fruiting ability --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3 --- Genetic mechanisms for phenotypic variations in V. volvacea --- p.63 / Chapter 4.4 --- AP-PCR analyses --- p.65 / Chapter 4.5 --- Possible sources of variations --- p.66 / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) --- p.67 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Spontaneous mutations --- p.67 / Conclusion --- p.69 / References --- p.70

Choi Yin Yee. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2001. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 164-187). / Abstracts in English and Chinese. / List of Abbreviations / List of Tables / List of Figures / Chapter Chapter 1: --- "Background of straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea" / Chapter 1.1 --- History and economic value of straw mushroom --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Nutritional value and medical use of straw mushroom --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Cultivation of straw mushroom --- p.3 / Chapter 1.4 --- Life cycle and developmental stages of straw mushroom --- p.5 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of the research --- p.6 / Chapter Chapter 2: --- Determination of straw mushroom quality during postharvest storage / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Determination of surface color changes --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Determination of weight loss and dry weight --- p.19 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Examination of mushroom surface structure --- p.20 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results and discussion / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Browning during postharvest storage --- p.20 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Weight loss and dry weight changes during storage --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Surface structural changes during postharvest storage --- p.23 / Chapter Chapter 3: --- Physiological studies of straw mushroom during postharvest storage / Chapter 3.1 --- Introduction --- p.31 / Chapter 3.2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials --- p.33 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Respiration rates of different produce --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Changes of respiration rate and detection of ethylene production in straw mushroom --- p.34 / Chapter 3.2.4 --- Exogenous ethylene treatment --- p.34 / Chapter 3.3 --- Results and discussion / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Comparative studies of respiration rates between different fresh produce --- p.35 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Ethylene production and effect of exogenous ethylene effect on straw mushroom --- p.36 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Change in respiration during postharvest storage --- p.37 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Biochemical studies of straw mushroom during postharvest storage / Chapter 4.1 --- Introduction / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Hydro lytic enzymes / Chapter 4.1.1.1 --- Protease --- p.43 / Chapter 4.1.1.2 --- Lipase --- p.44 / Chapter 4.1.1.3 --- Chitinase --- p.46 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Enzymatic browning / Chapter 4.1.2.1 --- Background --- p.48 / Chapter 4.1.2.2 --- Action of polyphenol oxidase --- p.49 / Chapter 4.1.2.3 --- Control of enzymatic browning --- p.50 / Chapter 4.2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Source --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Enzyme extraction --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- Soluble protein determination --- p.52 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Protease assay --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.5 --- Lipase assay --- p.53 / Chapter 4.2.6 --- Chitinase assay --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.7 --- PPO assay --- p.54 / Chapter 4.2.8 --- Optimal pH determination and substrate specificity of PPO --- p.55 / Chapter 4.2.9 --- PPO inhibitors studies --- p.56 / Chapter 4.2.10 --- Localization of PPO in the fruit body of straw mushroom --- p.56 / Chapter 4.3 --- Results and discussion / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Protease activity during postharvest storage --- p.57 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Lipase activity during postharvest storage --- p.58 / Chapter 4.3.3 --- Chitinase activity during postharvest storage --- p.59 / Chapter 4.3.4 --- pH optimum and substrate specificity of PPO --- p.61 / Chapter 4.3.5 --- PPO activity during postharvest storage --- p.62 / Chapter 4.3.6 --- Effect of various inhibitors on PPO activity --- p.63 / Chapter 4.3.7 --- Localization of PPO in the fruit body of straw mushroom --- p.64 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Microorganisms in the fruit body of straw mushroom during postharvest storage / Chapter 5.1 --- Introduction --- p.81 / Chapter 5.2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 5.2.1 --- Evaluation of bacterial population --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.2 --- Isolation of bacteria --- p.85 / Chapter 5.2.3 --- Treatment of antibacterial agents --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.4 --- Effect of moisture on bacterial population --- p.87 / Chapter 5.2.5 --- Statistical analysis --- p.87 / Chapter 5.3 --- Results and discussion / Chapter 5.3.1 --- Bacterial population during postharvest storage --- p.88 / Chapter 5.3.2 --- Bacteria growth and mushroom deterioration --- p.89 / Chapter 5.3.3 --- Identification of bacteria isolated from straw mushroom --- p.92 / Chapter 5.3.4 --- Relationship between moisture and bacterial population --- p.95 / Chapter Chapter 6: --- Preservative studies of straw mushroom / Chapter 6.1 --- Introduction --- p.107 / Chapter 6.1.1 --- Chemicals treatment in produce --- p.109 / Chapter 6.1.1.1 --- Application of browning inhibitors --- p.110 / Chapter 6.1.1.2 --- Role of calcium in preservation --- p.111 / Chapter 6.1.2 --- Modified atmosphere technology --- p.114 / Chapter 6.2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 6.2.1 --- Dipping experiment with browning inhibitors --- p.117 / Chapter 6.2.2 --- Application CaCl2 in straw mushroom cultivation --- p.117 / Chapter 6.2.3 --- Postharvest storage of straw mushroom under modified atmosphere --- p.118 / Chapter 6.2.4 --- Statistical analysis --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3 --- Results and discussion / Chapter 6.3.1 --- Effect of browning inhibitors on mushroom quality --- p.119 / Chapter 6.3.2 --- Effect of calcium chloride on mushroom quality --- p.121 / Chapter 6.3.3 --- Effect of modified atmosphere on mushroom quality --- p.124 / Chapter Chapter 7: --- Conclusion --- p.159 / References --- p.164

by Ka-shing Cheung. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1995. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-114). / Abstract --- p.i / Acknowledgments --- p.iii / Table of contents --- p.v / Abbreviations --- p.x / List of figures --- p.xi / List of tables --- p.xiii / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- General introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Purpose of study --- p.3 / Chapter 2. --- Literature review / Chapter 2.1 --- Cellulose: properties and degradation --- p.4 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cellulase system / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Definition and substrate specificity --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Co-operation of cellulases --- p.5 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- Multiplicity of cellulases --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.4 --- Regulation of cellulase synthesis --- p.6 / Chapter 2.2.5 --- Architecture of cellulase protein --- p.8 / Chapter 2.3 --- Molecular biology of fungal cellulase genes / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Structural organization of fungal cellulase genes --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1.1 --- Promoter and regulatory sequence --- p.15 / Chapter 2.3.1.2 --- Sequence at transcriptional start point (tsp) --- p.16 / Chapter 2.3.1.3 --- Signal peptide --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1.4 --- Intron --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.1.5 --- General sequence homology --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Regulation of cellulase production at molecular level --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Multiplicity of cellulase gene --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Tactics to clone fungal cellulase genes --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- Past experience --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- Present approach --- p.28 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- The importance of cellulase gene cloning --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4 --- Cellulolytic microorganisms / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Ecological roles and diversity --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- "Biology of the straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea" --- p.31 / Chapter 3. --- Materials and methods / Chapter 3.1 --- Recipes of media and solutions / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Culture media and microbial-growth related chemicals --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Solutions --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Bacterial and fungal strains and the growth and storage of mycelium / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Bacterial and fungal strains --- p.42 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Growth and storage of mycelium --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Extraction of DNA from mycelium --- p.43 / Chapter 3.4 --- Degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Primers --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Amplification conditions of degenerate PCR --- p.46 / Chapter 3.5 --- Cloning of PCR products / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Ligation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Transformation --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Screening by blue/white selection --- p.47 / Chapter 3.5.4 --- Screening by PCR --- p.48 / Chapter 3.6 --- Plasmid extraction by alkaline lysis / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Midi-preparation of plasmid by Qiagen column --- p.51 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Preparation of plasmid using Promega's Wizard minipreps DNA purification system --- p.51 / Chapter 3.7 --- Sequencing analysis of cloned PCR products / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Growth and titering of helper phage R408 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.7.1.1 --- Plate elution method --- p.53 / Chapter 3.7.1.2 --- Liquid culture method --- p.53 / Chapter 3.7.1.3 --- Titering of R408 --- p.53 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Rescue of single-stranded DNA from pCR-Script phagemid --- p.54 / Chapter 3.7.3 --- Sequencing by chain-termination reaction --- p.54 / Chapter 3.7.4 --- Preparation of polyacrylamide gel for DNA sequencing --- p.56 / Chapter 3.7.5 --- Running a sequencing gel --- p.57 / Chapter 3.7.6 --- "Fixation, exposure and development of sequencing gel and X-ray film" --- p.57 / Chapter 3.7.7 --- Sequence analysis --- p.58 / Chapter 3.8 --- Digestion of DNA with restriction enzymes --- p.59 / Chapter 3.9 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.60 / Chapter 3.10 --- Purification of DNA from agarose gel by Qiaex --- p.61 / Chapter 3.11 --- Southern hybridization / Chapter 3.11.1 --- Southern blotting and DNA immobilization --- p.62 / Chapter 3.11.2 --- Random-labelling of DNA probe and removal of unincorporated nucleotides --- p.63 / Chapter 3.11.3 --- Pre-hybridization and hybridization --- p.63 / Chapter 3.11.4 --- Exposure and development --- p.64 / Chapter 3.11.5 --- Determination of molecular weight of hybridization signals --- p.65 / Chapter 4. --- Results / Chapter 4.1 --- Extraction of DNA from the straw mushroom mycelium --- p.66 / Chapter 4.2 --- Amplification of V. volvacea genomic DNA using degenerate primers --- p.70 / Chapter 4.3 --- Cloning of PCR products using pCR-Script SK (+) cloning kit / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Screening by blue/white selection --- p.77 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Screening by PCR --- p.77 / Chapter 4.4 --- Plasmid extraction by alkaline lysis --- p.80 / Chapter 4.5 --- Preparation of single-stranded DNA template for sequencing / Chapter 4.5.1 --- Growth and titering of helper phage R408 --- p.82 / Chapter 4.5.2 --- Rescue of single-stranded DNA from pCR-Script phagemid --- p.82 / Chapter 4.6 --- Sequencing of cloned PCR products / Chapter 4.6.1 --- The choice of template --- p.84 / Chapter 4.6.2 --- DNA and translated amino acid sequence of PCR clones --- p.84 / Chapter 4.6.3 --- Alignment of DNA sequences against other fungal cellulase genes --- p.93 / Chapter 4.6.4 --- Alignment of translated amino acid sequences against other fungal cellulase --- p.96 / Chapter 4.7 --- Purification of DNA from agarose gel by Qiaex --- p.98 / Chapter 4.8 --- Southern hybridization / Chapter 4.8.1 --- Restriction digestion of genomic DNA --- p.101 / Chapter 4.8.2 --- Hybridization --- p.104 / Chapter 5. --- Discussion / Chapter 5.1 --- Extraction of DNA from V. volvacea mycelium --- p.107 / Chapter 5.2 --- Rationales of designing degenerate primers from heterologous amino acid sequence --- p.107 / Chapter 5.3 --- Amplification of V. volvacea DNA using degenerate primers --- p.110 / Chapter 5.4 --- Cloning of PCR products using pCR-Script system --- p.111 / Chapter 5.5 --- The precaution of using Qiaex-purified DNA --- p.112 / Chapter 5.6 --- Sequencing analysis / Chapter 5.6.1 --- DNA sequence analysis --- p.113 / Chapter 5.6.2 --- Protein sequence analysis --- p.114 / Chapter 5.7 --- Southern hybridization --- p.116 / Chapter 6. --- Conclusion and further analysis --- p.117 / Chapter 7. --- References --- p.119

by Lam Heung-wah, Angora. / Thesis (M. Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1992. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-131). / ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS --- p.iv / ABSTRACT --- p.v / LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS --- p.vii / LIST OF TABLES --- p.viii / LIST OF FIGURES --- p.ix / INTRODUCTION --- p.1 / LITERATURE REVIEW --- p.4 / Chapter A. --- Some Aspects of Cardiovascular Physiology and Pharmacology --- p.4 / Chapter I. --- Fundamental Principles Governing regulation of Arterial Pressure --- p.4 / Chapter II. --- Hypertension --- p.12 / Chapter III. --- Antihypertensive Substances --- p.16 / Chapter B. --- Mushrooms and Their Medicinal Values --- p.29 / Chapter I. --- "The Straw Mushroom, V. volvacea" --- p.29 / Chapter II. --- "Mushrooms, Blood Pressure, and Related Changes" --- p.32 / MATERIALS AND METHODS --- p.39 / Chapter A. --- Basic Preparative Procedures --- p.39 / Chapter I. --- Preparation of Straw Mushroom Extract (SME) --- p.39 / Chapter II. --- Purification of SME by Dialysis --- p.40 / Chapter III. --- Preparation for In vivo Blood Pressure Measurement in Rats --- p.40 / Chapter IV. --- preparation of Right Atrium for In vitro Studies --- p.41 / Chapter V. --- Preparation of Artery Strip for In vitro Studies --- p.42 / Chapter B. --- Experiments Done --- p.43 / Chapter Experiment 1. --- Toxicity of SME --- p.43 / Chapter Experiment 2. --- Hypotensive Effect of SME and Dialyzed Samples --- p.44 / Chapter Experiment 3. --- Pharmacological Antagonist Studies --- p.45 / Chapter Experiment 4. --- Effect of Autonomic Ganglion Blocker and Alpha Blocker on Hypotensive Changes Induced by SME --- p.47 / Chapter Experiment 5. --- Study on Renin-Angiotensin and Kinin Systems --- p.48 / Chapter Experiment 6. --- Urinary and Sodium Excretion in Water-loaded Rats --- p.48 / Chapter Experiment 7. --- Chronotropic and Inotropic Studies on Isolated Right Atria --- p.49 / Chapter Experiment 8. --- Contractile Responses of SME & Its Dialyzed Samples on Rat Tail Artery Strips --- p.50 / Chapter Experiment 9. --- Effect of Adrenergic Blockers in SME Preconstricted Strips --- p.51 / Chapter Experiment 10. --- Acute Oral Effect of DUL8000 and DLL8000 from SME on Blood Pressure --- p.51 / Chapter Experiment 11. --- "Chronic Oral Effect of SME on Blood Pressure, Total Free Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels" --- p.52 / Chapter C. --- Statistics --- p.55 / RESULTS --- p.56 / Chapter A. --- Toxicity of Straw Mushroom Extract (SME) --- p.56 / Chapter B. --- Effects of SME in Normotensive Rats --- p.56 / Chapter I. --- Blood Pressure Changes --- p.56 / Chapter II. --- Pharmacological Antagonists Studies --- p.58 / Chapter III. --- Converting Enzyme Activity --- p.60 / Chapter IV. --- Urinary and Sodium Excretion --- p.60 / Chapter V. --- In vitro Arterial and Cardiac Effects --- p.61 / Chapter C. --- Cardiovascular Effects of Dialyzed Samples of SME (Molecular Mass cutoffl2000) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Normotensive Rats --- p.61 / Chapter I. --- Blood Pressure Changes --- p.61 / Chapter II. --- In vitro Arterial and Cardiac Effects --- p.62 / Chapter D. --- Cardiovascular Effects of Dialyzed Samples (DUL8000 and DLL8000) in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHR) and Normotensive Rats --- p.63 / Chapter I. --- Blood Pressure Changes --- p.63 / Chapter II. --- In vitro Arterial and Cardiac Effects --- p.65 / Chapter E. --- The Acute Oral Effect of SME on Blood Pressure --- p.68 / Chapter F. --- "Chronic Dietary Effect of SME on Blood Pressure, Total Free Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels" --- p.68 / DISCUSSION --- p.109 / Chapter A. --- The Hypotensive Effect of SME --- p.109 / Chapter B. --- The Hypotensive Action of SME: Mechanism of Action --- p.110 / Chapter C. --- The Cardiovascular Active Fractions in SME --- p.113 / Chapter D. --- "The Cardiovascular Effect of DUL8000 and DLL8000 in Rats with Reference to Age, Sex and Strains" --- p.115 / Chapter E. --- The Oral Effect of SME on Blood Pressure and on Serum Cholesterol and Triglyceride Levels --- p.118 / SUMMARY --- p.121 / REFERENCES --- p.124 / APPENDIXES --- p.132

by Suen Tsang. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-103). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Chapter Chapter 1: --- Literature review --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- "Straw mushroom, Volvariella volvacea" --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Problems which restrict the market of straw mushroom --- p.3 / Chapter 1.3 --- Non-enzymatic browning --- p.5 / Chapter 1.4 --- Enzymatic browning --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Impact of browning --- p.12 / Chapter 1.6 --- Mechanism of inhibition of PPO --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7 --- Sulfites --- p.13 / Chapter 1.8 --- Classification of PPO inhibitors based on chemical property --- p.14 / Chapter 1.9 --- Classification of PPO inhibitors based on inhibitory mechanism --- p.17 / Chapter 1.10 --- Physical methods for prolonging shelf-life --- p.18 / Chapter 1.11 --- Significance of this research --- p.20 / Chapter Chapter2: --- Characterization of PPO in straw mushroom --- p.21 / Chapter 2.1 --- Introduction --- p.21 / Chapter 2.2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- PPO content in straw mushroom compared to other food sources: potato and pear --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- "Optimal pH, enzyme kinetics and localization of PPO in straw mushroom" --- p.24 / Chapter 2.2.3 --- PPO isoenzymes in straw mushroom --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3 --- Results --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- PPO content in straw mushroom compared to other food sources: potato and pear --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- "Optimal pH, enzyme kinetics and localization of PPO in straw mushroom" --- p.29 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- PPO isoenzymes in straw mushroom --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4 --- Discussion --- p.43 / Chapter Chapter3: --- Several attempts to solve browning problem of straw mushroom --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1 --- Inhibitors of PPO in straw mushroom --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Investigation of inhibitors of PPO in straw mushroom --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.1.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.55 / Chapter 3.1.1.2 --- Results --- p.56 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- The potential of using a combination of different PPO inhibitors --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.2.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.58 / Chapter 3.1.2.2 --- Results --- p.59 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Direct application of PPO inhibitors --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.3.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.61 / Chapter 3.1.3.2 --- Results --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- PPO and lipase content in straw mushroom under post harvest storage --- p.62 / Chapter 3.1.4.1 --- Materials and Methods --- p.74 / Chapter 3.1.4.2 --- Results --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2 --- Vacuum packaging --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Materials and methods --- p.75 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Results --- p.78 / Chapter 3.4 --- Discussion --- p.78 / Chapter Chapter 4: --- Future work --- p.87 / Chapter 4.1 --- Suggested improvements of experiments --- p.87 / Chapter 4.2 --- Suggested experiment in future: application of calcium chloride --- p.88 / Chapter Chapter 5: --- Conclusion --- p.94 / References --- p.96

by Deng Yu. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1999. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 111-120). / Abstract also in Chinese. / Acknowledgements --- p.i / Abstract --- p.ii / List of Abbreviations --- p.viii / List of Tables --- p.ix / List of Figures --- p.x / Chapter 1 --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Primary nitrogen metabolism in fungi --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Ammonium assimilation --- p.4 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Regulation of ammonium assimilating enzymes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2 --- Relevant central carbon metabolism in fungi --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Glyoxylate cycle and isocitrate metabolism --- p.11 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- GABA shunt --- p.15 / Chapter 1.3 --- Relationship between nitrogen metabolism and fungi morphogenesis --- p.15 / Chapter 1.4 --- General background of Volvariella volvacea --- p.17 / Chapter 1.5 --- Objectives of the study --- p.20 / Chapter 2 --- Materials and methods / Chapter 2.1 --- Organism --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2 --- Growth media --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.1 --- Basal medium --- p.22 / Chapter 2.2.2 --- Solid-state cultivation --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3 --- Effect of different nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth of V volvacea in submerged culture --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Effect of different carbon and nitrogen sources and concentrations on the production of selected enzymes involved in central carbon and nitrogen metabolism --- p.27 / Chapter 2.5 --- Enzyme extraction --- p.28 / Chapter 2.6 --- Enzyme assays --- p.28 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.28 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6.3 --- NAD- dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase --- p.29 / Chapter 2.6.4 --- Isocitrate lyase --- p.30 / Chapter 2.7 --- Protein determination --- p.30 / Chapter 2.8 --- Determination of optimum pH for enzyme assays --- p.31 / Chapter 2.9 --- Determination of optimum temperatures for enzyme assays --- p.31 / Chapter 2.10 --- Transfer experiments --- p.31 / Chapter 2.11 --- Enzyme stability --- p.32 / Chapter 2.12 --- Purification of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.33 / Chapter 2.12.1 --- Ammonium sulphate precipitation --- p.33 / Chapter 2.12.2 --- Ion exchange chromatography --- p.33 / Chapter 2.12.3 --- Ultrafiltrartion --- p.34 / Chapter 2.12.4 --- Gel filtration chromatography --- p.34 / Chapter 2.12.5 --- Affinity chromatography --- p.34 / Chapter 2.13 --- Electrophoresis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.13.1 --- SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.13.2 --- Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis --- p.35 / Chapter 2.13.3 --- Activity staining for NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.36 / Chapter 2.13.4 --- Protein staining --- p.36 / Chapter 2.14 --- NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase characterization studies --- p.37 / Chapter 2.14.1 --- Effect of substrate concentration --- p.37 / Chapter 2.14.2 --- Molecular weight determination --- p.37 / Chapter 2.14.2.1 --- Molecular weight determination by gel filtration chromatography --- p.37 / Chapter 2.14.2.2 --- Molecular weight determination by native PAGE --- p.38 / Chapter 2.14.2.3 --- Protein subunit molecular weight determination by SDS- PAGE --- p.38 / Chapter 3 --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Effect of different nitrogen sources on the mycelial growth of V. volvacea in submerged culture --- p.39 / Chapter 3.2 --- Optimum assay conditions for NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Optimum assay conditions for NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.46 / Chapter 3.4 --- Optimum assay conditions for NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase --- p.50 / Chapter 3.5 --- Optimum assay conditions for isocitrate lyase --- p.54 / Chapter 3.6 --- Biomass production and enzyme activities in extracts of in vegetative mycelia grown with different nitrogen and carbon sources provided at different concentrations --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- Mycelia growth under different conditions --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- NAD- and NADP-dependent glutamate dehydrogenases in extracts of vegetative mycelia grown with different nitrogen and carbon sources provided at different conditions --- p.58 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- NAD-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase in vegetative mycelia grown with different nitrogen and carbon sources provided at different conditions --- p.64 / Chapter 3.7 --- Transfer experiments --- p.67 / Chapter 3.7.1 --- Activities of glutamate dehydrogenases in extracts of myceila transferred to media containing different carbon sources --- p.67 / Chapter 3.7.2 --- Effect of different carbon sources on the glutamate dehydrogenases in submerged cultures --- p.67 / Chapter 3.8 --- Glutamate dehydrogenase activity in various parts of the fruit body during different stages of fruit body development --- p.70 / Chapter 3.9 --- Stabilization of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase activity --- p.75 / Chapter 3.10 --- Purification of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.77 / Chapter 3.10.1 --- Ammonium sulphate precipitation --- p.77 / Chapter 3.10.2 --- Partial purification by column chromatography --- p.78 / Chapter 3.10.3 --- Electrophoretic determination of the protein profiles of crude extract and partially purified samples --- p.83 / Chapter 3.11 --- Characterization of partially purified NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase from V. volvacea --- p.86 / Chapter 3.11.1 --- Optimum pH and temperature --- p.86 / Chapter 3.11.2 --- Kinetic parameters --- p.86 / Chapter 3.11.3 --- Molecular weight --- p.92 / Chapter 3.11.3.1 --- Molecular weight determination by gel filtration chromatography --- p.92 / Chapter 3.11.3.2 --- Molecular weight determination by native PAGE --- p.92 / Chapter 3.11.3.3 --- Subunit molecular weight determination by SDS-PAGE --- p.92 / Chapter 4 --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1 --- Nutrient nitrogen for the growth of Volvariella volvacea --- p.97 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Mycelial growth on simple nitrogen compounds --- p.97 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Nutrient nitrogen in mushroom compost --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2 --- Production and regulation of selected enzymes in vegetative mycelia --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Production and regulation of glutamate dehydrogenases --- p.98 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Production and regulation of isocitrate dehydrogenase and isocitrate lyase --- p.103 / Chapter 4.3 --- Glutamate dehydrogenases and fruit body development --- p.104 / Chapter 4.4 --- Purification and characterization of NAD-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4.1 --- Enzyme purification --- p.105 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- Enzyme stability --- p.106 / Chapter 4.4.3 --- Enzyme properties --- p.107 / Chapter 4.5 --- Future works: nitrogen metabolism and the growth of Vohariella volvacea --- p.109 / References --- p.111