Shaojun Ding. / "October 2001." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, / Includes bibliographical references (p. 173-200). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

by Chen Ming-jie. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 81-95). / List of Abbreviations --- p.I / List of Tables --- p.II / List of Figures --- p.III / Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- Background of Volvariella volvacea and the purposes of this study --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.1 --- Background of Volvariella volvacea --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1.2 --- Purposes of this molecular study on Volvariella volvacea --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2 --- Molecular studies in edible mushrooms --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.1 --- Recombinant DNA technology --- p.5 / Chapter 1.2.2 --- Restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs) --- p.6 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.7 / Chapter 1.2.3.1 --- Ribosomal RNA gene-PCR (rDNA-PCR) --- p.8 / Chapter 1.2.3.2 --- Random amplified DNAs by polymerase chain reaction --- p.10 / Chapter 1.2.3 --- Pulsed field gel electrophoresis --- p.12 / Chapter Chapter 2 --- Materials and Methods --- p.17 / Chapter 2.1 --- Organisms --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Cell cultivation and maintenance --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Solutions and chemicals --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Solutions for DNA extraction --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Solutions for agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Solutions for DNA labeling and detection --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Colorimetry --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Chemiluminescence --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Hybridization solution --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.5 --- PCR primers --- p.19 / Chapter 2.3.6 --- SOC medium --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Agarose gel electrophoresis --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- DNA extraction and purification --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Genomic DNAs --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Plasmid DNA --- p.21 / Chapter 2.6 --- Formation of complementary ends --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Partial digestion of genomic DNA with the restriction enzyme Sau3A I --- p.23 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Production of vector arms --- p.23 / Chapter 2.7 --- Ligation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8 --- Transformation --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8.1 --- Chemical transformation method --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8.1.1 --- Preparation of competent E. coli cells --- p.24 / Chapter 2.8.1.2 --- Transformation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8.2 --- Electroporation --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8.2.1 --- Preparation of electro-competent cells --- p.25 / Chapter 2.8.2.2 --- Electroporation --- p.26 / Chapter 2.9 --- Southern transfer and hybridization using non- radioactive method --- p.27 / Chapter 2.9.1 --- Random labeling the V.volvacea genomic DNA by digoxigenin-11-dUTP --- p.28 / Chapter 2.9.2 --- Conventional PCR to amplify and label cloned DNA inserts --- p.28 / Chapter 2.9.3 --- Southern blotting --- p.29 / Chapter 2.9.4 --- Prehybridization --- p.29 / Chapter 2.9.5 --- Hybridization --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.6 --- High stringency washing --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.7 --- Detection --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.7.1 --- Color detection --- p.30 / Chapter 2.9.7.2 --- Chemiluminescent detection --- p.31 / Chapter 2.9.8 --- Reprobing --- p.31 / Chapter 2.9.9 --- Colony hybridization --- p.31 / Chapter 2.10 --- Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.10.1 --- Arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (AP- PCR) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.10.2 --- Random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.10.3 --- Amplification of ribosomal RNA gene (rDNA- PCR) --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11 --- Pulsed field gel electrophoresis --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11.1 --- Preparation of protoplasts --- p.33 / Chapter 2.11.2 --- Embedding of chromosomal DNAs --- p.34 / Chapter 2.11.3 --- Electrophoresis --- p.34 / Chapter 2.11.4 --- Southern blotting and hybridization --- p.35 / Chapter Chapter 3 --- Results --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1 --- Construction of a partial genomic library for Volvariella volvacea --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Genomic DNA purification and restriction enzyme digestion --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Preparation of vector arms --- p.36 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Ligation and transformation --- p.36 / Chapter 3.2 --- Characterization of clones in the genomic library --- p.42 / Chapter 3.3 --- Fishing out ribosomal RNA gene from the genomic library by homologous rDNA probe --- p.45 / Chapter 3.4 --- Strain typing --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Strain typing by RFLPs using moderately repetitive probes --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Strain typing by PCR-based protocols: AP-PCR and RAPD --- p.50 / Chapter 3.4.3 --- Strain typing by PCR- RFLPs --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5 --- Electrophoretic karyotype analysis by pulsed field gel electrophoresis --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.1 --- Protoplast preparation --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- The electrophoresis condition --- p.56 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Southern hybridization --- p.65 / Chapter Chapter 4 --- Discussion --- p.68 / Chapter 4.1 --- Genomic library --- p.68 / Chapter 4.2 --- Generation of molecular markers --- p.70 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- RFLPs --- p.70 / Chapter 4.4.2 --- AP-PCR and RAPD methods --- p.71 / Chapter 4.2.3 --- PCR- RFLP of rRNA gene --- p.72 / Chapter 4.2.4 --- Comparison of the four types of molecular markers --- p.72 / Chapter 4.3 --- Electrophoretic karyotype by PFGE --- p.74 / Conclusion --- p.80 / References --- p.81

Sandra J. Chapman. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1994. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-103). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction --- p.1 / Chapter 1.1 --- History of zinc --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- The biological role of zinc --- p.2 / Chapter 1.3 --- Zinc toxicosis --- p.6 / Chapter 1.4 --- Mechanisms of zinc uptake and transport in fungi --- p.7 / Chapter 1.5 --- Bioremediation --- p.11 / Chapter 1.6 --- Uptake of heavy metals by fruit bodies of edible mushrooms --- p.13 / Chapter 1.7 --- Mushroom fungi selected for study --- p.15 / Chapter 1.8 --- Purpose of study --- p.17 / Chapter 2. --- Materials and Methods --- p.18 / Chapter 2.1 --- Organisms --- p.18 / Chapter 2.2 --- Media --- p.18 / Chapter 2.3 --- Media chelation --- p.20 / Chapter 2.4 --- Chemicals --- p.20 / Chapter 2.5 --- Zinc content of fruit bodies grown on substrates containing different concentrations of zinc --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Substrate preparation for V. volvacea inoculum --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Cultivation of V. volvacea fruit bodies --- p.21 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Cultivation of P.sajor-caju fruit bodies --- p.22 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Cultivation of L. edodes fruit bodies --- p.23 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Preparation of biological material for atomic absorption spectrophotometry --- p.24 / Chapter 2.6 --- Effect of different concentrations of zinc on the growth of six mushroom fungi --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.1 --- Radial growth study --- p.25 / Chapter 2.6.2 --- Biomass study --- p.26 / Chapter 2.7 --- Microscopic studies of V. volvacea --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7.1 --- "Coomassie Blue preparation, staining of V.volvacea hyphae" --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7.2 --- Dithizone staining of V. volvacea hyphae --- p.27 / Chapter 2.7.3 --- Fluorescence microscopy --- p.28 / Chapter 2.7.4 --- Scanning electron microscopy --- p.28 / Chapter 2.8 --- Preparation and analysis of V. volvacea proteins using gel electrophoresis --- p.29 / Chapter 3. --- Results --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1 --- Zinc Uptake by Fruit Bodies --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Uptake of zinc by V. volvacea --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Uptake of zinc by P. sajor-caju --- p.33 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Uptake of zinc by L. edodes --- p.34 / Chapter 3.1.4 --- Symptoms of zinc toxicity in L. edodes --- p.44 / Chapter 3.2 --- Growth studies --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Radial growth measurements --- p.49 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Biomass measurements --- p.56 / Chapter 3.2.3 --- Morphological alterations due to zinc observed with light and electron microscopy --- p.63 / Chapter 3.3 --- V. volvacea staining studies --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Protein staining using Coomassie Blue --- p.73 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Zinc staining by dithizone and fluorescence staining by DAPI --- p.75 / Chapter 3.4 --- V. volvacea protein profile comparisons after gel electrophoresis --- p.81 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1 --- Zinc uptake by fruit bodies / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Uptake of zinc by V. volvacea and P. sajor-caju fruit bodies --- p.83 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- Accumulation of zinc by L. edodes fruit bodies and mechanism of toxicity --- p.84 / Chapter 4.2 --- Effects of zinc on growth --- p.88 / Chapter 4.3 --- V. volvacea mechanisms of tolerance --- p.89 / Chapter 4.4 --- Differences in protein profiles of V. volvacea grown on different concentrations of zinc --- p.93 / Chapter 5. --- References

Sandra Jane Chapman. / "October 2002." / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-178). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / Abstracts in English and Chinese.

Cai Yi Jin. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1993. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 118-128). / Chapter 1. --- Introduction / Chapter 1.1 --- Importance and Cultivation history of edible mushroom --- p.1 / Chapter 1.2 --- Variety and structure of growth substrates for mushroom --- p.4 / Chapter 1.3 --- Mushroom growth and substrate-degrading enzymes --- p.8 / Chapter 1.4 --- Purpose of study --- p.15 / Chapter 2. --- Methods and Materials / Chapter 2.1 --- Organisms --- p.17 / Chapter 2.2 --- Media --- p.17 / Chapter 2.3 --- Culture conditions --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.1 --- Growth temperature --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2 --- Growth Studies --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2.1 --- Effect of pH on mycelial growth --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2.2 --- Effect of different carbon sources on mycelial growth --- p.21 / Chapter 2.3.2.3 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives on fungal growth --- p.22 / Chapter 2.3.3 --- Culture conditions for production of extracellular enzymes --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.1 --- Tyrosinase --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.2 --- Laccase --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.3 --- Manganese-dependent Peroxidase and Lignin Peroxidase --- p.23 / Chapter 2.3.3.4 --- Cellulytic and Xylanolytic enzymes --- p.24 / Chapter 2.3.3.5 --- Lipase --- p.25 / Chapter 2.3.4 --- Culture conditions for studying properties of cellulases of V. volvacea --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.1 --- CMCase --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.2 --- "CMCase, FPase and β-Glucosidase" --- p.26 / Chapter 2.3.4.3 --- β-Glucosidase --- p.26 / Chapter 2.4 --- Enzyme assay --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.1 --- Tyrosinase --- p.27 / Chapter 2.4.2 --- Laccase --- p.27 / Chapter a. --- o-Tolidine Method --- p.27 / Chapter b. --- ABTS Method --- p.28 / Chapter c. --- Syringaldazine Method --- p.28 / Chapter 2.4.3 --- Lignin peroxidase --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.4 --- Manganese-dependent peroxidase --- p.29 / Chapter 2.4.5 --- Exoglucanase (avicelase) --- p.30 / Chapter 2.4.6 --- Endoglucanase (carboxymethylcellulase or CMCase) --- p.31 / Chapter 2.4.7 --- Filter paper digesting enzyme (FPase) --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.8 --- P-Glucosidase --- p.32 / Chapter 2.4.9 --- Xylanase --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.10 --- β-Xylosidase --- p.34 / Chapter 2.4.11 --- Lipase --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5 --- Other analytical methods --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.1 --- Determination of phenol oxidase activity by the Bavendamm reaction --- p.36 / Chapter 2.5.2 --- Qualitative evaluation of CMCase by Congo red staining --- p.37 / Chapter 2.5.3 --- Effect of phenolic monomers and tannic acid on CMCase activity of V. volvacea --- p.38 / Chapter 2.5.4 --- Protein determination --- p.39 / Chapter 2.5.5 --- Non-denaturing gel electrophoresis pattern of fungal laccases --- p.39 / Chapter 2.6 --- Chemicals --- p.39 / Chapter 3. --- Results / Chapter 3.1 --- Growth and Nutritional characteristics --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.1 --- Fungal growth on defined and non-defined culture media --- p.44 / Chapter 3.1.2 --- Effect of carbon source on fungal --- p.45 / Chapter 3.1.3 --- Effect of pH on fungal growth --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives on fungal growth --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.1 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers on fungal growth --- p.45 / Chapter 3.2.2 --- Effect of tannin derivatives on fungal growth --- p.61 / Chapter 3.3 --- Phenol Oxidase --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1 --- Phenol oxidase --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1.1 --- Guaiacol-reacting enzyme --- p.67 / Chapter 3.3.1.2 --- o-Anisidine oxidizing enzyme --- p.68 / Chapter 3.3.2 --- Tyrosinase --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3 --- Laccase --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3.1 --- "Laccase detected by o-Tolidine, ABTS Syringaldazine" --- p.69 / Chapter 3.3.3.2 --- Effect of pH on laccase activity --- p.69 / Chapter 3.4 --- Lignin-Transforming Enzymes --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.1 --- Lignin peroxidase (LP) --- p.73 / Chapter 3.4.2 --- Manganese-dependent peroxidase (MnP) --- p.74 / Chapter 3.5 --- Cellulases --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1. --- Cellulases of V. volvacea --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1.1 --- Qualitative estimation of cellulose-degrading enzymes of V. volvacea grown on different substrates --- p.78 / Chapter 3.5.1.2 --- Influence of pH and temperature --- p.79 / Chapter 3.5.1.3 --- Cellulolytic activities in cultures grown on cellulose --- p.83 / Chapter 3.5.1.4 --- Cellulolytic activities in cultures grown on paddy straw --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.1.5 --- β-Glucosidase activity in cultures grown on cellobiose --- p.91 / Chapter 3.5.1.6 --- Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannic acid on CMCase of V. volvacea --- p.95 / Chapter 3.5.2 --- Cellulases of P.sajor-caju --- p.96 / Chapter 3.5.3 --- Cellulases of L. edodes --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6 --- Xylanase --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.1 --- "Xylanase of V. volvacea, strain V34" --- p.96 / Chapter 3.6.2 --- Xylanase of P.sajor-caju --- p.100 / Chapter 3.6.3 --- Xylanase of L. edodes --- p.100 / Chapter 3.7 --- Lipase of V. volvacea --- p.103 / Chapter 4. --- Discussion / Chapter 4.1. --- Carbon nutrition and pH for fungal growth --- p.104 / Chapter 4.1.1 --- Carbon nutrition --- p.104 / Chapter 4.1.2 --- pH --- p.104 / Chapter 4.2 --- "Effect of lignin-related phenolic monomers and tannin derivatives on fungal growth of L. edodes, P. sajor-caju and V, volvacea" --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.1 --- Lignin-related phenolic monomers --- p.105 / Chapter 4.2.2 --- Tannin derivatives --- p.107 / Chapter 4.3 --- "Production of phenoloxidases by V. volvacea, L. edodes and P. sajor-caju" --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.1 --- Guaiacol- and Anisidine reacting enzymes and Tyrosinase --- p.108 / Chapter 4.3.2 --- Laccase --- p.109 / Chapter 4.4. --- "Lignin-degrading Enzymes of V. volvacea, P. sajor-caju and L. edodes" --- p.110 / Chapter 4.5. --- "Cellulolytic and Hemicellulolytic Activity of V. volvacea, P.sajor-caju and L. edodes" --- p.113 / References --- p.118 / Appendix1 --- p.129