No description available.

Διερευνώνται οι συνθήκες ευστάθειας σε συγκεκριμένα πρανή επί της Ε.Ο. Πατρών – Τριπόλεως αμέσως μετά τον οικισμό Δίβρη. Για τον σκοπό αυτό, έγινε λεπτομερής μηχανική περιγραφή των ασυνεχειών, ταξινομήσεις βραχομάζας με τα συστήματα RMR και GSI καθώς επίσης και συστηματική δειγματοληψία βραχωδών ασβεστολιθικών τεμαχών μεγάλων διαστάσεων. Τα δείγματα αυτά μεταφέρθηκαν στο Εργαστήριο Τεχνικής Γεωλογίας, για διάτρηση και κοπή, ώστε να διαμορφωθούν κυλινδρικά δοκίμια κατάλληλα για την εκτέλεση εργαστηριακών δοκιμών τριαξονικής φόρτισης, μοναξονικής θλίψης, σκληρότητα Schmidt, σημειακή φόρτιση, διάτμηση ασυνεχειών κ.λπ. Με δεδομένα, τα αποτελέσματα της εργαστηριακής έρευνας αλλά και τις επιτόπου παρατηρήσεις και καταγραφές, εκτιμήθηκαν τα μοντέλα δυνητικών ολισθήσεων στα ασβεστολιθικά πρανή, ενώ με την εφαρμογή μεθόδων οριακής ισορροπίας μελετήθηκε η ευστάθειά τους. Προς την κατεύθυνση αυτή χρησιμοποιήθηκαν τα λογισμικά WEDGE και ROCSTA του Εργαστηρίου Τεχνικής Γεωλογίας καθώς και το Swedge και RocPlane της Rocscience, για τις περιπτώσεις σφηνοειδών και επιπέδων ολισθήσεων αντίστοιχα. Τέλος, έγινε σύγκριση των αποτελεσμάτων προσομοίωσης των παραπάνω λογισμικών και εξήχθησαν ενδιαφέροντα συμπεράσματα σχετικά με την εφαρμογή τους και τις δυνατότητες ρεαλιστικού σχεδιασμού των μέτρων προστασίας. / In this postgraduate work an effort is presented to apply computational methods of Laboratory of Engineering Geology in order to analyze Limestone slope stability in high-risk areas of Patras - Tripolis national road and to design reliable, safe, preventive and protective measures. The geological conditions of the area including the geotectonic evolution of geological Olonou - Pindos zone are described. The discontinuities were examined in detail, while the rock mass quality, was estimated using classification system such as RMR, SMR and GSI systems. The topographic map of the region of interest was outlining with a brief description of georeferencing and GIS software. It is necessary to note separate chapters of the work, were focused on stability and analysis using several software, Rocksta, RocPlane of Rocscience, Wedge, Swedge of Rocscience, Dips. Finally, a comparative overview of these programs and drawing conclusions is included.

Ce mémoire étudie le phénomène de wedge politics sous un angle communicationnel, en proposant d’identifier et décrire les principales pratiques rhétoriques associées au déploiement d’une stratégie de wedge politics par les nombreux acteurs du débat public sur le projet de loi C-391, intitulé Loi modifiant le Code criminel et la Loi sur les armes à feu (abrogation du registre des armes d’épaule). La posture rhétorique que nous adoptons se traduit par une démarche méthodologique et des analyses imbriquées en quatre étapes: 1) l’élaboration d’une mise en perspective historique relativement élargie du débat public entourant le projet de loi C-391, 2) la recension des principaux acteurs et des discours qu’ils ont produits à un moment fort de ce débat, entre mai 2009 et mai 2011, 3) une première analyse et description générale de la dynamique rhétorique entre les acteurs du débat pendant cette période, et enfin, 4) une analyse systématique des discours échangés entre le 1er août 2010 et le 22 septembre 2010 nous permettant d’identifier et de décrire les principales pratiques rhétoriques employées par les acteurs. Les dix pratiques que nous avons relevées sont: l’appel à l’action, le scapegoating, le ciblage, la personnalisation du débat, le blâme, la dérision, l’attribution d’intentions malveillantes, la menace de représailles de la part des électeurs, l’exploitation des clivages et le contraste. En conclusion, nous discutons en quoi ces pratiques rhétoriques peuvent contribuer à l’atteinte des objectifs d’une stratégie de wedge politics. / This thesis examines the wedge politics phenomenon from a communicational standpoint by identifying and describing the main rhetorical practices associated with the deployment of a wedge politics strategy during the public debate surrounding Bill C-391, entitled An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act (repeal of long-gun registry). Our rhetorical approach entails a methodological framework and analyses deployed in four stages: 1) the establishment of a relatively wide ranging historical perspective on the public debate surrounding Bill C-391, 2) a survey of the main actors and the speeches they exchanged at a key moment of the debate, between May 2009 and May 2011, 3) a preliminary analysis and general description of the rhetorical dynamics among the actors during that time, and finally, 4) a systematic analysis of the exchanges that took place between August 1st 2010 and September 22nd 2010 in order to identify and describe the key rhetorical practices employed by the actors. The ten practices we have identified are: call to action, scapegoating, targeting, personalisation of the debate, blame, mockery, attribution of malicious intent, evoking the threat of retribution on the part of the electorate, exploiting cleavages and contrast. We conclude by discussing how these rhetorical practices contribute to the general objectives of a wedge politics strategy.

Student Number: 0008522F Master of Science Faculty of Engineering & The Built Environment School of Mechanical, Industrial & Aeronautical Engineering / An aircraft travelling at supersonic speeds close to the ground generates a bow wave, which is reflected off the ground surface. When the aircraft enters a valley, the three-dimensional bow wave is reflected off the valley walls, such that it could focus behind the aircraft. Complex threedimensional wave surfaces will result. The real situation of an aircraft entering a valley can be modelled and tested experimentally in a shock tube. To simulate the process a planar shock wave, generated in a shock tube, is moved over several notched wedge configurations. Schlieren photographs were produced to identify the resulting complex three-dimensional wave structures and then verified by three-dimensional CFD. The valley geometries investigated are rectangular, triangular, parabolic and conical. Three hill geometries were also investigated. The three-dimensional reflected surfaces from the rectangular valleys were found to vary only slightly as the valley floor inclination is increased. As the incident wave interacts with both the wedge and valley floor surfaces two prominent reflections occur. A primary reflected wave surface is generated from regular reflection off the wedge. This surface flows over into the valley contacting the incident wave at a second contact point. A secondary reflected wave is found underneath the primary reflected wave, generated due to Mach reflection occurring over the full width off the valley floor. The area of the incident wave between the second contact point and the triple point is seen to bow out into the downstream flow. The Mach stem of the reflection off the valley floor tends to become less pronounced for the larger valley floor inclination angles. In all the rectangular valleys, a shear layer is present, cascading down the valley wall and then along the valley entrance. The shear layer tends to decrease in size as the valley floor inclination increases. Both prominent reflected shock surfaces are almost conical in nature at close proximity to the valley wall. The triangular valleys show similar reflection patterns as the rectangular valleys. As the incident shock wave initially interacts with the wedge surface only regular reflection occurs. The resulting reflected wave forms the primary reflected surface which flows over into the valley. The reflection changes to Mach reflection as the incident wave interacts with the valley floor. The Mach stem of the reflection off the valley floor increases in characteristic height as one moves from the valley entrance wall to the plane of symmetry. The Mach stem is much smaller for the higher valley floor inclinations. A secondary reflected wave is found underneath the primary reflected surface. The secondary wave is Mach reflection near the plane of symmetry which turns iii to regular reflection closer to the valley wall. The primary and secondary reflected surfaces merge near the plane of symmetry and again along the wedge surface. A shear layer is found to cascade down the valley entrance wall for all geometries, decreasing in strength as the valley inclination angle increases. The parabolic valleys show similar reflection patterns as the triangular valleys. As the incident wave interacts with both the wedge and valley surfaces two reflections occur. The reflection off the wedge surface is regular. As the incident wave flows over into the valley the initial reflection off the valley floor is regular. This regular reflection then turns into Mach reflection the closer one moves to the symmetry plane. The Mach reflection off the valley floor forms a secondary reflected wave underneath the primary reflected wave that is found to flow over into the valley. The primary reflected wave contacts the incident wave at a second contract point found above the triple point. This contact point moves closer to the triple point and eventually along the secondary reflected wave as the incident wave advances downstream. The second contact point at a single time instant is also seen to move closer to the triple point as one moves closer to the plane of symmetry. A shear layer is found cascading down the valley entrance wall. The secondary reflected wave of the Mach reflection off valley floor forms a semi-circular surface which contacts the floor just after the shear layer. The Mach reflection off the valley floor changes to regular reflection as the surface begins to climb up along the valley entrance wall. The conical valleys once again show similar reflection patterns as those found in the other valley geometries. As the incident wave interacts with both the wedge and valley surfaces two reflections occur. Regular reflection occurs off the wedge surface with the resulting primary reflected wave flowing over into the valley. This primary reflected wave contacts the incident shock at a second contact point in the valley. The reflection off the valley floor is regular close to the valley entrance wall changing to Mach reflection nearer the symmetry plane. The reflected wave from the Mach reflection forms the secondary reflected surface found beneath the primary reflected wave. The secondary reflected Mach wave changes to regular reflection as the surface nears the valley wall, with the reflection point travelling along the valley floor until coincident with the valley entrance wall, where it then travels along the entrance wall. The second contact point found on the incident wave is found above the triple point and moves down the incident shock to eventually coincide with the triple point. A weak shear layer is found to cascade down the valley entrance wall. A weak separation also occurs at the entry point of the valley. iv The three hill geometries, triangular, parabolic and conical, all display similar reflection patterns. As the incident wave advances downstream regular reflection occurs off both the wedge and hill surfaces. The reflected waves come together at a point off the surface. At this point a double triple point occurs with two resulting Mach stems. One Mach stem contacts the wedge surface while the other contacts the hill surface. The resulting double Mach stem surface wraps around the base of the hill getting progressively tighter the closer it gets to the incident wave. The only major differences between all three geometries is the shape of the resulting reflected wave off the hill surface (which tends to follow the same geometric shape as the hill) and the distance between the two triple points for the conical and parabolic hills tends to be larger than that found for the triangular hill.

Thesis advisor: Gail Kineke / The Penobscot River Estuary is heavily contaminated with mercury; previous studies indicate maximum mercury concentrations of 4.6 ppm within the Frankfort Flats reach. The transport and trapping of this contaminant is linked to the transport and trapping of fine sediment within the estuary. Hydrographic and flow measurements, coupled with a spatial and temporal characterization of the bottom sediments, were performed during and following the freshet in 2010 to determine the mechanisms driving sediment transport and trapping within the estuary. The Penobscot River likely has a turbidity maximum associated with the landward extent of the salinity intrusion that is positioned over the Frankfort Flats reach during average discharge and tidal conditions. This turbidity maximum may be responsible for a patch of fine sediments in the Frankfort Flats reach in an otherwise coarse-grained bed. Additional transport and trapping of fine sediments within this reach is the result of secondary circulation driven by centripetal acceleration around meanders in the channel. Close proximity of meanders at Frankfort Flats, within ~5 km, creates opposite secondary circulation of magnitude ~0.2 m/s during flood and ebb conditions. / Thesis (BS) — Boston College, 2011. / Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences. / Discipline: Geology & Geophysics Honors Program. / Discipline: Earth and Environmental Sciences.

Intrafraction motion has long been suspected of causing inaccuracies in the resultant dose delivered to the patient. This study attempts to determine how breathing motion affects intact-breast cancer patients for three different treatment techniques commonly used in the clinic: physical wedge compensators (PWs), enhanced dynamic wedges (EDWs), and step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy (ssIMRT). Some of the effects of intrafraction motion can be eliminated with Gating Therapy. In this study, we have also investigated the efficiency of a Real-Time Position Management Gating System. In order to mimic patient breathing, equipment has been designed to simulate respiratory motion to a first order approximation. A breast phantom has also been designed to represent patient tissue and shape. Film was used as a dosimeter and static dosimetry data were used as a control for comparison. Three velocities of the breast phantom were studied, and Gating Therapy was introduced for each data set. Dose area histograms were calculated for a breast and lung planning target area (PTA), and Normalized Agreement Test (NAT) Indexes were calculated in reference to the static case. Our study shows that the results are dependent on the respiratory rate and the wedge angle and that deviation from the static case is highest if the collimator speed is of the same magnitude as the speed of the target. Generally, there is a large overdosage to the lung PTA and a large underdosage to the breast PTA. However, with the implementation of Gating Therapy, these dose discrepancies are dramatically reduced. The areas of high and low dose within the treatment field observed in this study can be related to other treatment sites affected by respiratory motion. Based on these results, we highly recommend using Gating Therapy for all treatments that may be affected by intrafraction organ motion.

Intrafraction motion has long been suspected of causing inaccuracies in the resultant dose delivered to the patient. This study attempts to determine how breathing motion affects intact-breast cancer patients for three different treatment techniques commonly used in the clinic: physical wedge compensators (PWs), enhanced dynamic wedges (EDWs), and step-and-shoot intensity modulated radiation therapy (ssIMRT). Some of the effects of intrafraction motion can be eliminated with Gating Therapy. In this study, we have also investigated the efficiency of a Real-Time Position Management Gating System. In order to mimic patient breathing, equipment has been designed to simulate respiratory motion to a first order approximation. A breast phantom has also been designed to represent patient tissue and shape. Film was used as a dosimeter and static dosimetry data were used as a control for comparison. Three velocities of the breast phantom were studied, and Gating Therapy was introduced for each data set. Dose area histograms were calculated for a breast and lung planning target area (PTA), and Normalized Agreement Test (NAT) Indexes were calculated in reference to the static case. Our study shows that the results are dependent on the respiratory rate and the wedge angle and that deviation from the static case is highest if the collimator speed is of the same magnitude as the speed of the target. Generally, there is a large overdosage to the lung PTA and a large underdosage to the breast PTA. However, with the implementation of Gating Therapy, these dose discrepancies are dramatically reduced. The areas of high and low dose within the treatment field observed in this study can be related to other treatment sites affected by respiratory motion. Based on these results, we highly recommend using Gating Therapy for all treatments that may be affected by intrafraction organ motion.

Ce mémoire étudie le phénomène de wedge politics sous un angle communicationnel, en proposant d’identifier et décrire les principales pratiques rhétoriques associées au déploiement d’une stratégie de wedge politics par les nombreux acteurs du débat public sur le projet de loi C-391, intitulé Loi modifiant le Code criminel et la Loi sur les armes à feu (abrogation du registre des armes d’épaule). La posture rhétorique que nous adoptons se traduit par une démarche méthodologique et des analyses imbriquées en quatre étapes: 1) l’élaboration d’une mise en perspective historique relativement élargie du débat public entourant le projet de loi C-391, 2) la recension des principaux acteurs et des discours qu’ils ont produits à un moment fort de ce débat, entre mai 2009 et mai 2011, 3) une première analyse et description générale de la dynamique rhétorique entre les acteurs du débat pendant cette période, et enfin, 4) une analyse systématique des discours échangés entre le 1er août 2010 et le 22 septembre 2010 nous permettant d’identifier et de décrire les principales pratiques rhétoriques employées par les acteurs. Les dix pratiques que nous avons relevées sont: l’appel à l’action, le scapegoating, le ciblage, la personnalisation du débat, le blâme, la dérision, l’attribution d’intentions malveillantes, la menace de représailles de la part des électeurs, l’exploitation des clivages et le contraste. En conclusion, nous discutons en quoi ces pratiques rhétoriques peuvent contribuer à l’atteinte des objectifs d’une stratégie de wedge politics. / This thesis examines the wedge politics phenomenon from a communicational standpoint by identifying and describing the main rhetorical practices associated with the deployment of a wedge politics strategy during the public debate surrounding Bill C-391, entitled An Act to amend the Criminal Code and the Firearms Act (repeal of long-gun registry). Our rhetorical approach entails a methodological framework and analyses deployed in four stages: 1) the establishment of a relatively wide ranging historical perspective on the public debate surrounding Bill C-391, 2) a survey of the main actors and the speeches they exchanged at a key moment of the debate, between May 2009 and May 2011, 3) a preliminary analysis and general description of the rhetorical dynamics among the actors during that time, and finally, 4) a systematic analysis of the exchanges that took place between August 1st 2010 and September 22nd 2010 in order to identify and describe the key rhetorical practices employed by the actors. The ten practices we have identified are: call to action, scapegoating, targeting, personalisation of the debate, blame, mockery, attribution of malicious intent, evoking the threat of retribution on the part of the electorate, exploiting cleavages and contrast. We conclude by discussing how these rhetorical practices contribute to the general objectives of a wedge politics strategy.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1998. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [195]-230).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--Murdoch University, 2002. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 311-323).