The Lincoln-Oseretsky Motor Development Scale is designed to test the motor ability of children between the ages of six and fourteen. It is an individually administered scale consisting of thirty-six motor skill items such as finger dexterity, eye-hand coordination and gross activity of the hands, arms, legs and trunk. Both unilateral and bilateral motor tasks are involved in the scale. Because of this fact, fifty-three test items involve right and left limb performances. The time for administering all the items is usually less than one hour. The purpose of this study was to determine whether or not the number of test items could be significantly reduced so that a reliable assessment or the motor ability of an individual can be made in a much shorter period of time.

It was determined spectrally that a monomer-dimer equilibrium exists in aqueous solutions of Ni-TSPC4- over a concentration range of 5 x 10-8 – 10-4 M. Equilibrium measurements were made under natural ionic strength conditions at 29°, 39° and 49°C. The values obtained for the equilibrium constants at 29°, 39° and 49°C were 2.4 x 108, 6.6 x 107 and 2.9 x 107 M-1, respectively. These results indicated that the equilibrium strongly favors dimer formation. This study also showed that nickel is second to copper in enhancing the dimerization of metallotetrasulfophthalocyanine complexes. However, metals in general inhibit dimer formation relative to the free ligand. The dimerization reaction of Ni-TSPC4- is exothermic with thermodynamic parameters of ΔG° = -11.6 kcal/mole, ΔH = -20.9 kcal/mole, and ΔS = -31 e.u. The dimerization process is thus favored from an energetic point of view despite the unfacorable entropy change. Spectral measurements made on Ni-TSPC4- in aqueous pyridine solutions in the concentration range of .05 - 6.0% pyridine (by volume) indicated a dipyridinated dimer complex of Ni-TSPC4- was formed. Using a modified version of the Benesi-Hildebrand equation, the following equilibrium was proposed : D + 2Py = D(Py)2. The overall equilibrium constants for this system at 15°, 21°, 30° and 40°C were 1.7, 1.9, 2.8, 3.6 and 4.4 M-2, respectively. The equilibrium reaction is endothermic with thermodynamic parameters of: ΔG=6.2 kcal/mole, ΔH =6.9 kcal/mole, and ΔS=25 e.u. Thus, the equilibrium reaction was favored thermodynamically due to the favorable entropy change associated with the process. Ligand studies indicated that only pyridine and polupyridine ligands bind to Ni-TSPC4- and cause a spectral change. This study also showed that Ni-TSPC4- cannot be used as an oxygen carrier in biological systems.

Some properties of esterases of the greater wax moth larvae, Galleria mellonella (L.) were examined and the enzyme partially purified. Tris buffer was chosen as the buffer system over veronal buffer. The former causes less hydrolysis of the acetylsalicylic acid. Esterase activities were determined with acetylasalicylic acid in tris buffer (00.05 M, pH 7.85 with 0.1 M EDTA) and with acetyl-p-hydroxybenzoic acid in the same buffer. The enzyme was partially purified by combination of acetone powder preparation, ammonium sulfate precipitation, ion-exchange chromatography, and gel filtration. The starting enzyme preparation was obtained from aceton powder preparation. The ratio of esterase activity to protein content was increased 1.36-fold by 70% ammonium sulfate precipitation. The ammonium sulfate in the 60-70% saturation range is reproducible with the highest specific activity at 60% saturation. The ammonium sulfate fractionation increased the stability of the enzyme preparation. After 24 hours more than 55% of enzyme activity from the ammonium sulfate precipitate still remained, whereas only about 40% of the enzyme activity from the acetone powder preparation remained. The pH optimum was found to be 8.5 with acetyl-p-hydroxybenzoic acid as the substrate. The esterase had a linear increase in activity with increasing temperature. At 51°C, the specific activity was 27.60 micromoles/min mg protein in comparison to 12.94 micromoles/min mg protein at 20°C. The kinetic behavior of the enzyme with the different substrates was studied. The Vmax and Km values were 12.5 micromoles/min mg protein and 0.435 millimoles, respectively. The energy of activation with acetyl-p-hydroxybenzoic acid was 4.542 kcal K-1 mol-1. The esterase activity was inhibited by mercuric chloride and veratrine sulfate. It was activated by the chelating agent, EDTA. The esterase activity was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoic acid and eserine salicylate.

o-CH3, o-CH3O, m-CH3O and p-CF3-β-methyl- β-nitrostyrene (compounds not previously reported) were synthesized using the method of Lappin13 and Robertson.14 These styrenes were irradiated in the U.V. region. The yield of corresponding oximes varied from 85 to 100% in aqueous ethanol. This variation in yield of the oximes was attributed to the effect of the substituent on the phenyl rings of the corresponding styrenes. Electron donating substituents promoted the nitro-nitrite rearrangement and electron-withdrawing groups inhibited this rearrangement. A mechanism is proposed for this reaction which unifies and includes ideas proposed by Chapman2, Pinhey5 and Matsurra.3 The effect of solvent on the irradiation was also studied. The results obtained indicated that the solvent employed does have an effect on the photorearrangement of beta-nitrostyrenes.

The activity of Catalyst 3-7A toward the oxidation of formaldehyde, hydrogen cyanide, methane, propane, and isobutene was examined at temperatures between 25°C and 400°C. The catalyst consists of palladium(II) and copper (II) salts impregnated on an alumina support. The oxidation measurements were made primarily with gas chromatographs, although form aldehyde and hydrogen cyanide were also examined using the colorimetric fushsin method and Liebig titrations, respectively. Catalyst 3-7A demonstrated appreciable activity toward the oxidation of all gases studied except formaldehyde where there was no evidence of oxidation. The latter result is quite unexpected since aldehydes are more easily oxidized than alkanes. It is suggested that the inactivity of Catalyst 3-7A toward formaldehyde is attributed to the lack of moisture which is required by the catalyst during oxidation. All oxidation reactions are believed to occur via a Qacker-type process under pseudo-first order conditions with the palladium(II) concentration maintained constant via the presence of copper (II) which oxidizes metallic palladium, the product in the oxidation reaction. The oxidation products in all the gases examined are believed to be carbon dioxide and water except for hydrogen cyanide where an additional product containing nitrogen should be formed but could not be detected with the gas chromatograph. Rate constants (reported in parenthesis) at 400°C for the following gases are hydrogen cyanide (>26.2 sec-1), methane (6.5-6.6 sec-1), propane (>12.8 sec-1), and isobutene (>15.7 sec-1). These results show that hydrogen cyanide is the most active gas to be oxidized by the catalyst excluding carbon monoxide which is the test gas used I our system and has been previously determined to demonstrate the greatest activity with the catalyst. The three alkane gases show an order of oxidation reactivity which lends some support for ruling out an anionic mechanism since tertiary C-H bonds were found to be more reactive than secondary C-H bonds which in turn were shown to be more reactive than primary C-H bonds. A comparison of Catalyst 3-7A with other catalysts reported in the literature which show similar oxidation behavior with gases could not be made due to lack of data regarding their experimental conditions.

It is the purpose of this thesis to examine some of the literature of the Western world as it uses one color-related element: white, and to suggest whether or not this use of white is significant in that literature.

The school budgets of the different school districts of the state of Kentucky are prepared according to law and by the standard plan adopted by the State Board of Education. Kentucky School Law 160.170 demands that each board of education prepare a budget and present it to the State Board of Education for approval. The standard form adopted by the State Board of Education contains the following items or main divisions: General Control, Instruction, Operation of School Plant, Maintenance, Fixed Charges, Auxiliary Service, Transfer of Tuition, Capital Outlay and Debt Services. This study will take the budget of each board of education and divide the amount spent in each division listed above by the census figure of the district and thus find the per capita for each division as well as the total per capita spent on each child in the census. Further, the amount budgeted in each division will be divided by the total amount budgeted to find the per cent spent for each division. The Kentucky Laws and the plan adopted by the State Board of Education do not recommend any certain amount to be spent per capita in each division no do they recommend any certain per cent for each division. This study shows that there is a wide variance among the different districts as to the per capita and the per cent spent for the different items of the budget. It is hoped that this study will make it possible for each superintendent and board of education to see at a glance how their school district compares with any other district in the state. It is not the purpose of the study to find out why so many variances occur, but to show a true picture and to make some recommendations that may be of benefit.

Thesis (M.A.)--Boston University

'Sangoma Boy' is the first book in an intended four-book series. The series is about three children who are brought together because of their parents' romantic involvement and who, by the end of the first book, come to identify themselves as 'The Bundu Bashers'. The idea for the Bundu Bashers series came to me when I was visiting at my parents' house in Cape Town, South Africa, in January, 2008. I had a newborn daughter who had to be breastfed every three hours as well as a ferociously jealous toddler son in tow, so my movements were pretty limited. It was a little difficult to go out to see childhood friends but lots of people dropped by to say hello and share a 'braai' (or barbecue) which is what you do just about every evening in the South African summer. One evening, one of these informal braai parties included Julia Raynham, my mother's goddaughter. I offered her some meat from the braai and she said yes, but not mutton because she was a sangoma now and there was a restriction on eating mutton. To say I was astonished is an understatement. A sangoma is a traditional African healer and diviner, versed in the arcana of plant medicine and spirit intercession. But Julia? My mother's goddaughter, no less? She was a whitey, just like me. We used to dive spoons together out of her parents' vast and twinkling swimming pool under the oak trees, in our walled-off privileged white childhood during apartheid. How could she possibly be a sangoma? Admittedly I'd been a bit busy in England with starting a career and squeezing out the babies, but the last time I saw Julia she was a keyboardist in a popular lounge band, The Honeymoon Suites, we used to go and bop to on Friday nights. I knew that she had been ill and I knew her long-term relationship had ended. But a sangoma? After a lengthy talk that night I understood a little better what Julia had been through since I saw her last. One doesn't chose to become a sangoma - one gets chosen. The first signs of being chosen are not pleasant, and usually include illness or affliction. With Julia, it was an onset of numbness in her legs, followed by a host of other complaints. Whilst in the grip of the illness, the sufferer sometimes has a vision, where they will be told to go to a certain house or place, or sometimes they just unexpectedly come into contact with a sangoma. Julia dreamt she needed to go to an art gallery in Johannesburg. At this stage she knew nothing about sangomas but the dream was so compelling that she did visit the gallery. At the gallery, a black cleaner put down her bucket and mop, walked over to Julia and asked her if she had been unwell recently, and experiencing peculiar dreams. This is the beginning of 'ukuthwasa' - the long period of training before the 'thwasa' (the initiate) emerges as a diviner. I mulled the whole thing over in the long night that followed while I was up feeding my daughter. So white people could be 'thwasana' now? That got me thinking. What if you were a person who was mixed-race, both white and black, with roots in Africa but living in England? And you experienced the calling? No wait, what if you were a child? In England? No, in Finchley specifically. Because we'd moved to leafy Finchley from gritty Hornsey, a year and a half before on account of my son. The children of Finchley were all over the place all the time. I could watch them and see what they did. And propped up there in the pillows of the bed with my little girl, I had a William Goyen moment. I'd never written a children's novel before. I didn't know if I could. But I knew I was due back at work in a few months. At that point I'd get the baby on a bottle, I'd hire a nanny, and I'd start stealing whatever bits of time I could to write. I had an adult novel to finish but as soon as that was off to the publishers, my whole attention for years to come was going to turn to this young boy in Finchley and exactly what happened to him.

Wound periderm is formed by Juniperus occidentalis and Calocedrus decurrens in resistance to infection by the dwarf mistletoe Arceuthobium campylopodum. The pattern of wound periderm formation suggests that chemical as well as mechanical factors are involved. The concentration of hydrolases in the radicular apex of the parasite suggests that they may facilitate the penetration process by which dwarf mistletoes infect their hosts. Emzymatic assistance may also provide a partial explanation for the specificity with which dwarf mistletoes are adapted to given hosts. These resistance responses by the the non-host species were compared with the normal infection process Pinus ponderosa.