The purpose of this study was to examine agreement of husbands and of wives as groups and to explore differences in responses within individual couples in the house purchasing decision participation relative to items comprising investment value of housing. The sample consisted of 144 married couples between the ages of 30 and 60 who had purchased their house jointly and resided in the Tucson SMSA. Non-parametric tests were used to analyze the data. The Kendall's Coefficient of Concordance measured agreement of husbands and wives as groups. The McNemar Test was used to examine significant differences in responses within individual couples. Results of this study found that for items tested in this study that husbands and wives do agree when making house purchasing decisions. Wives tended to respond with a higher perceived participation score both for self and spousal responses than did their respective husband. Twelve significant differences were found.

Changes in the affect of ten remarried couples during participation in a communication and problem solving skills training program was investigated. Subjects completed a questionnaire assessing 25 positive and 25 negative feelings toward the spouse every night for 56 days. No changes in specific feeling states or in overall negative affect was found. A significant linear trend indicating a progressive increase in overall positive affect was found for husbands, but not for wives. The findings provide weak support for the affective impact of the intervention program or the conflict processes model underlying it.

In a progressive income tax system with an individual tax unit, high-rate taxpayers have an incentive to split income with lower-rate family members to minimise the family’s total tax burden. This raises equity and neutrality concerns. Adopting a spousal tax unit limits the gains from income splitting, but the individual is the better choice on privacy, autonomy, equality, definitional, marriage neutrality and work incentive grounds. Once the individual is chosen as the income tax unit, the control model provides a strong policy basis for attributing both earned and unearned income to individuals. Income splitting, however, undermines this model as well as the individual tax unit. This thesis focuses on the UK’s approach to income-splitting in family businesses. The relevant UK income tax rules, particularly the settlements provisions, are inadequate for the task. Various possible reforms are examined. Incorporating a transfer pricing or ‘reasonableness’ test into the settlements provisions would strengthen these rules, but would make taxpayer compliance with an uncertain regime even more difficult. Another option is to expand the scope of employment tax by moving the borderline between employees and the self-employed or companies. Deeper structural reforms could be made to enhance the neutrality of taxation on different legal forms of economic activity. This would reduce the incentives to incorporate for tax savings, including from income splitting. Integration of income tax and NICs is one such option; a dual income tax is another. A TAAR or GAAR also could be pursued. Ultimately, some combination of these various reform options could provide a partial solution to this challenging issue.

M.A. / This study set out to investigate the relationship between Emotional Intelligence and martial satisfaction. In the past several years, marriages appear to have undergone much change, moving towards a more egalitarian relationship. Intimacy and conflict resolution appear to play an important role in maintaining marital satisfaction. Skills involved in conflict resolution and intimacy also form part of a greater construct called Emotional Intelligence (EI). Mayer, Salovey, and Caruso (1998), describe a four branch ability model of EI. This model describes EI as the ability to be perceptive of ones own and others emotions, to manage and regulate ones emotions, to be able to effectively express ones emotions and lastly, the ability to use stored emotional information to deal with various situations. To ascertain levels of emotional intelligence and marital satisfaction the Schutte Self Report Inventory (SRI) and the Marital Satisfaction Inventory–Revised (MSI-R) was administered to a group of couples married for longer than one year (n = 61). MANCOVA’s and ANCOVA’s were administered to asses the relationship between EI and various sub-scales of marital satisfaction in the couples. The results showed that there was significant relationship between EI and certain aspects of marital satisfaction. The level of male EI was found to have a significant effect on the couples affective and problem solving communication. It also effected the level of female sexual satisfaction and the ability to cope with family history of distress. The female EI was found to be related to decreased levels of male aggression, a greater ability to deal with her family history of distress and role orientation. It was found that in most circumstances, the level of male EI was responsible for couple’s marital satisfaction. Further results indicate that the greater the gap between each partners level of EI, the greater their level of marital dissatisfaction. For future research, it may be beneficial to do a longitudinal study of the same nature using a larger sample. Measuring instruments that do not rely on self-report may produce other results. Finally, future studies may benefit by using a culturally diverse sample, to assess whether the finding may be generalised to all communities in South Africa.

A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology). / The study aimed to assess the hypothetical conditions under which battery is justified by a sample of 225 police officers within the Gauteng area and to explore how these justifications were related to sex role attitude, The study employed a questionnaire design with the "Justification of Abuse Scale" used to measure justification, the "Attitude Towards Women Scale" used to measure sex role attitude and additional demographic questions posed to subjects. The results showed that the majority of police officers are opposed to the use of physical force by a husband towards his wife, but that a substantial minority accept that there are situations in which beatings are justified. Two distinct factors emerged from a factor analysis computed on the justification scale. These factors were termed Major provocation (Factor 1) and Minor provocation (Factor 2) Sex role attitude was found to be significantly related to justification, with police officers holding traditional attitudes being less opposed to the use of physical force and police officers holding egalitarian attitudes being more opposed to the use of physical force by a husband towards his wife. The demographic variables that were found to be related to justification beliefs were: age, language group, years of service, rank and level of education. / AC 2018

A research report submitted to the Faculty of Arts at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the degree of Master of Arts (Clinical Psychology). / The study aimed to assess the hypothetical conditions under which battery is justified by a sample of 225 police officers within the Gauteng area and to explore how these justifications were related to sex role attitude, The study employed a questionnaire design with the "Justification of Abuse Scale" used to measure justification, the "Attitude Towards Women Scale" used to measure sex role attitude and additional demographic questions posed to subjects. The results showed that the majority of police officers are opposed to the use of physical force by a husband towards his wife, but that a substantial minority accept that there are situations in which beatings are justified. Two distinct factors emerged from a factor analysis computed on the justification scale. These factors were termed Major provocation (Factor 1) and Minor provocation (Factor 2) Sex role attitude was found to be significantly related to justification, with police officers holding traditional attitudes being less opposed to the use of physical force and police officers holding egalitarian attitudes being more opposed to the use of physical force by a husband towards his wife. The demographic variables that were found to be related to justification beliefs were: age, language group, years of service, rank and level of education. / AC2018

by Phyllis Wong Yee-seung. / Bibliography: leaves 138-142 / Thesis (M.S.W.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1984

A Mother and Son Khilim records some of the images and myths from 22000 BCE to the present which locate the Oedipus myth in a history that makes sense of my emotional and intellectual responses to it. This chapter includes summarises of the story and its forbears which the reader will need to hold in mind through the later chapters of the thesis. A Sampler - Hypotheses, Questions, Themes introduces the main arguments as well as a summary of my conclusions from the inquiry, and some poetry and other writing which is intended to establish an atmosphere for the work. Oedipal Kings: Abandoned Boys and the Patriarchal Pattern provides an analysis of Sophocles' King Oedipus in support of my hypothesis that he is the mythic father of patriachal social structures and, therefore, that his life story might be viewed as a template for the formation of new patriachs. The chapter also includes a study of some contemporary eminent men in which I focus on the way early experiences of abandonment typically affect their adult behaviours. Silent Women presents Queen Jocasta as archetypal disempowered mother/ wife along with four contemporary women. The true self of each of the contemporary women was mute for many years as a result of negative or absent paternal experiences during adolescence. The Social Ecology of Mythic Thebes: A Study of Fate and Destiny in Patriarchal Culture extrapolates Jung's ideas about causality and teleology in individuals to the cultural setting of Oedipus's city state. The chapter concludes by contrasting the continuing disaster in Thebes with Oedipus's achievement of individuation. Resounding the silence is the title of the cycle of songs I wrote. This section includes the lyrics of all the songs. / Master of Science (Hons) (Social Ecology)

Thesis (Ph. D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, Department of Psychology, 2006. / Includes bibliographical references.

<p>Under det senaste decenniet har kvinnor gjort ett utträde på arbetsmarknaden. De har gått från att vara hemmafruar till yrkesarbetande. Närmare 1,2 miljoner kvinnor var hemmafruar i Sverige på 1960-talet, idag är de endast 48 000. Jag ville ta reda på vad det innebär att var hemmafru idag för hemmafruarna själva. Jag har utgått från min frågeställning; Vad innebär det att vara hemmafru idag? Hur ser de på förväntningarna som riktas mot dem? Vad finns det för mål och motiv för dessa kvinnor att bli hemmafruar? Hur upplever de sin position som hemmafruar? Jag har genomfört mitt arbete utifrån Grundad teori då jag ville få fatt i vad det innebär för dagens hemmafruar själva utan att utgå från någon bestämd teori. För att få fram detta har jag intervjuat fem kvinnor. Resultatet visade att dagens hemmafru är en kvinna som under en fas i livet har valt att stanna hemma från arbetslivet för att ta hand om sina barn, ett val som de haft ekonomisk möjlighet att välja i kombination med att de upplever att det dem gör har ett värde samt att det är meningsfullt. De har valt en livsföring utifrån det som har ett värde för dem. <strong></strong></p>