This research project proposed a unique solution to make use of these base stations to keep all subscribers alerted with warning of possible disaster should that be required. As the current, network does not provide a provision for such a noble approach, a new network model has been developed and simulated to interface a sensor (weather station, WeS), with WiMAX weather station. The weather station is based on DSP processor to receive a digitised sensor values, process these values, analyse them and if they fall within the alert zones, packet them according to WiMAX protocol and send them to subscribers. The developed standard bypasses any commercial network to offer free transmission to subscribers. This setup is also able to extract information on weather condition or react on uncertainty, i.e. disaster scenarios. Natural disasters, such as torrent, tornado/ hurricane, volcano eruption, earthquake, Tsunamis or landslide are increasing. Unfortunately they bring with them human tragedies, environment catastrophes, villages, cities and counties are subject to endless devastation during and after the destructive forces. Water, electricity and gas supply are most disrupted and difficult to restore in short time. However, communication is another item that can be affected adversely but WLAN with specific considerations, should be excluded from the effect. This project presents a solution, albeit minor relative to the maximum effect of the disaster, but will keep the telecommunication/communication in operation. Our novel technique, a “Clone Wireless Wide Area Network (CloneWAN)” is a clone wireless network to the wired Network. In the event of natural calamities, it gives continuity of network operation. It is based on WiMAX. The realization of CloneWAN has been formed and simulated to set the national network of the UAE at its correct form. CloneWAN model has been simulated with Opnet platform. All results revealed that the model is complete. The interface to Alerting System is discussed. Results show that the dynamic behavior of the parameters delay and Throughput of CloneWAN model is stable over various and different load scenarios. WiMAX is a de-facto standard in the current and future network requirement standards. Its main component is the Base Station which is normally stationed in the air, high enough to couple signals from other base stations. It is purpose is merely focused on networking signals for commercial purposes. The suggested hardware interface for the Weather Station is based on DSP SHARC processor. The model has been written in C and simulated under Opnet package. A number of scenarios have been set to represent different disasters worldwide. All results are listed and discussed later in the thesis.

In situations where information infrastructure is destroyed or not available, on-demand information infrastructure is pivotal for the success of rescue missions. In this paper, a drone-carried on demand information infrastructure for long-distance WiFi transmission system is developed. It can be used in the areas including emergency response, public event, and battlefield. The WiFi network can be connected to the Internet to extend WiFi access to areas where WiFi and other Internet infrastructures are not available. In order to establish a local area network to propagate WIFI service, directional antennas and wireless routers are used to create it. Due to unstable working condition on the flying drones, a precise heading turning stage is designed to maintain the two directional antennas facing to each other. Even if external interferences change the heading of the drones, the stages will automatically rotate back to where it should be to offset the bias. Also, to maintain the same flying altitude, a ground controller is designed to measure the height of the drones so that the directional antennas can communicate to each other successfully. To verify the design of the whole system, quite a few field experiments were performed. Experiments results indicates the design is reliable, viable and successful. Especially at disaster areas, it’ll help people a lot.

Les réseaux maillés sans fil sont une solution efficace, de plus en plus mise en œuvre en tant qu’infrastructure, pour interconnecter les stations d’accès des réseaux radio. Ces réseaux doivent absorber une croissance très forte du trafic généré par les terminaux de nouvelle génération. Cependant, l’augmentation du prix de l’énergie, ainsi que les préoccupations écologiques et sanitaires, poussent à s’intéresser à la minimisation de la consommation énergétique de ces réseaux. Ces travaux de thèse s’inscrivent dans les problématiques d’optimisation de la capacité et de la minimisation de la consommation énergétique globale des réseaux radio maillés. Nous définissons la capacité d’un réseau comme la quantité de trafic que le réseau peut supporter par unité de temps. Ces travaux s’articulent autour de quatre axes. Tout d’abord, nous abordons le problème d’amélioration de la capacité des réseaux radio maillés de type WIFI où l’accès au médium radio se base sur le protocole d’accès CSMA/CA. Nous mettons en lumière, les facteurs déterminants qui impactent la capacité du réseau, et l’existence d’un goulot d’étranglement qui limite cette capacité du réseau. Ensuite, nous proposons une architecture de communication basée sur l’utilisation conjointe de CSMA/CA et de TDMA afin de résoudre ce problème de goulot d’étranglement. Dans la deuxième partie de cette thèse, nous nous intéressons aux réseaux maillés sans fil basés sur un partage des ressources temps-fréquence. Afin de calculer des bornes théoriques sur les performances du réseau, nous développons des modèles d’optimisation basés sur la programmation linéaire et la technique de génération de colonnes. Ces modèles d’optimisation intègrent un modèle d’interférence SINR avec contrôle de puissance continue et variation de taux de transmission. Ils permettent, en particulier, de calculer une configuration optimale du réseau qui maximise la capacité ou minimise la consommation d’énergie. Ensuite, dans le troisième axe de recherche, nous étudions en détail le compromis entre la capacité du réseau et la consommation énergétique. Nous mettons en évidence plusieurs résultats d’ingénierie nécessaires pour un fonctionnement optimal d’un réseau maillé sans fil. Enfin, nous nous focalisons sur les réseaux cellulaires hétérogènes. Nous proposons des outils d’optimisation calculant une configuration optimale des stations de base qui maximise la capacité du réseau avec une consommation efficace d’énergie. Ensuite, afin d’économiser l’énergie, nous proposons une heuristique calculant un ordonnancement des stations et leur mise en mode d’endormissement partiel selon deux stratégies différentes, nommées LAFS et MAFS. / Wireless mesh networks (WMN) are a promising solution to support high data rate and increase the capacity provided to users, e.g. for meeting the requirements of mobile multimedia applications. However, the rapid growth of traffic load generated by the terminals is accompanied by an unsustainable increase of energy consumption, which becomes a hot societal and economical challenges. This thesis relates to the problem of the optimization of network capacity and energy consumption of wireless mesh networks. The network capacity is defined as the maximum achievable total traffic in the network per unit time. This thesis is divided into four main parts. First, we address the problem of improvement of the capacity of 802.11 wireless mesh networks. We highlight some insensible properties and deterministic factors of the capacity, while it is directly related to a bottleneck problem. Then, we propose a joint TDMA/CSMA scheduling strategy for solving the bottleneck issue in the network. Second, we focus on broadband wireless mesh networks based on time-frequency resource management. In order to get theoretical bounds on the network performances, we formulate optimization models based on linear programming and column generation algorithm. These models lead to compute an optimal offline configuration which maximizes the network capacity with low energy consumption. A realistic SINR model of the physical layer allows the nodes to perform continuous power control and use a discrete set of data rates. Third, we use the optimization models to provide practical engineering insights on WMN. We briefly study the tradeoff between network capacity and energy consumption using a realistic physical layer and SINR interference model. Finally, we focus on capacity and energy optimization for heterogeneous cellular networks. We develop, first, optimization tools to calculate an optimal configuration of the network that maximizes the network capacity with low energy consumption. We second propose a heuristic algorithm that calculates a scheduling and partial sleeping of base stations in two different strategies, called LAFS and MAFS.