This is a study of common human needs as presented by 97 recipients of War Veterans’ Allowance^1 who during 1949 first applied to the Montreal District Office of the Department of Veterans’ Affairs^2 for supplementation from the Assistance Fund. The study is concerned with the way in which these needs have been determined, how the Assistance Fund was set up and how it bas been administered to meet them. Considerable change in public welfare principles, in Canada, United States, Great Britain and other western democracies, bas taken place during the last two decades. This transition has been away from the palliative type of public welfare which developed after the passing of the Elizabethan Poor Law and toward the ameliorative type of public welfare programmes which arose in these countries out of the 1930 depression. In Canada and the United States casework and social services have been incorporated in some public assistance programmes. In European countries the programmes were established earlier than in Canada and have created protection in many areas through social insurance. The trend there has been toward providing more social security through material assistance such as adequate housing, through public housing projects, and government sponsored medical facilities. During the depression era society could no longer refuse to recognize that some individuals were in necessitous circumstances through no fault of their own but through flaws in our economic systems [...]

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Research has indicated that social workers are more politically active than the general public (Wolk, 1981; Parker and Sherraden, 1991), but their effectiveness has been questioned (Mathews, 1982). There are differences among social workers, but explanations of differences between "very active" and "inactive" have relied primarily on practice setting or method. However, research in political science has shown that income, education, involvement in associations, and perceived political efficacy, are significant predictors of who does not participate (Verba, Schlozman, and Brady, 1995). Five hundred certified social workers were surveyed regarding how often they engaged in political activities (e.g., voting and campaigning) between 1995 and 1997; 242 surveys were returned. Whereas 92 percent of respondents voted in 1996, fewer than 1 in 5 met with government officials or worked in a political campaign; only 3 percent testified before a legislative body. Information on each respondent's performance of specific political tasks was used to create a Political Participation Score (PPS). Scores range from 0 through 11, with higher scores indicating greater political activity. Six percent of respondents were "inactive" (3 or less), 88 percent were "active" ( 4 through 7), and 6 percent were "very active" (9 or more). The PPS was the dependent variable in ordinary least squares regression analysis, used to estimate the effect of political socialization, resources, perceived political efficacy, and involvement with professional associations on certified social workers' political activity. The significant predictors (p≤.05) were political efficacy (b=.237), recruitment to action by a social work association (b=2.34), interest in public affairs (b=.210) and activity in NASW (b=.165). Income and education were not significant predictors of the respondents' participation. The significant role of political efficacy suggests that strategies to increase social workers' perceived efficacy could increase their political activity. Greater performance of high-cost activities (e.g., testifying or meeting with government officials) could increase social workers' input into the development of social policy. Social learning theory (Bandura, 1978) is utilized to identify strategies for use by social work educators and professional associations to increase social workers' perceived efficacy and, therefore, the performance of higher-cost political acts.

<p> This study explored the expectations of stakeholders in substance abuse treatment services. These findings may help inform treatment, research, and policy development concerning substance abuse disorders. An exploratory qualitative approach was taken to minimize the effect of the model on outcomes. A cohort of 15 self-declared addicts in recovery were interviewed, using advertising in treatment centers and using a snowball method for additional respondents. Respondents were divided into either short-term or long-term recovery groups, each with different perspectives. The study design included an initial individual interview and follow-up interviews. Individual interviews were semistructured with open-ended questions to allow participants to provide the maximum amount of information. Data were entered into the computer journal, and analyzed reflexively after each interview. Relevant concepts, ideas, themes, and categories were identified and relationships explored. To improve trustworthiness, credibility, and plausibility, data were triangulated to improve accuracy and understanding. Recovery was found to be a process in which individuals empower themselves through development of their own values, self-discovery, self-determination, self-responsibility, and community membership. This recovery process is ongoing and based on preferred values that become habitual to each individual.</p>

Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) have higher rates cardiometabolic conditions than the general population, which put them at increased risk for early mortality. Treatment retention is especially important as it may prevent worsening of mental and physical health symptoms and lower such risks. Models of integrated primary and behavioral health care (PBHC) are promising for treating co-morbid mental and physical health conditions common to individuals with SMI. Previous research identified that individuals with SMI drop out of care at higher rates than other individuals with mental illness. Past studies on treatment retention with this population have been qualitative and small in scope. This longitudinal study examines correlates of treatment retention, including sociodemographic, health, psychosocial, and treatment-related characteristics among individuals with SMI in an integrated PBHC program in a community mental health setting. Variables significantly associated with 12-month treatment retention included access to transportation, no illicit drug use, and 6-month treatment retention. Several variables identified as important correlates of retention in previous studies were not found to be significantly associated with 12-month retention. Directions for future research and implications for social work are discussed.

<p> Psychological aggression often goes unseen and under-reported, yet is often the beginning of a severe cycle of abuse. The purpose of this research was to examine literature from 2006 to 2016 to understand how researchers and scholars have linked early maladaptive attachment styles to the experience of psychological aggression in adult romantic relationships. A content analysis was conducted using 23 articles. </p><p> The research was evaluated based upon the following areas: early maladaptive attachment styles and psychological aggression in romantic relationships, static risk factors, malleable risk factors, protective factors, theory, prevention, and intervention. </p><p> Exploring the linkage between insecure attachments and IPV in regards to marginalized and at-risk populations may help to create dignity and social justice for individuals who are disproportionately affected by factors associated with psychological aggression and other forms of Intimate Partner Violence. </p>