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Thesis (M.Tech.: Chiropractic)-Dept. of Chiropractic, Durban Institute of Technology, 2005 1 v. (various pagings) ; 30 cm / Following an inversion ankle joint sprain, damage to the proprioceptive organs can occur, which is made worse by lack of proprioceptive retraining and will increase the chances of re-injury (Hoffman and Payne 1995:144 and Anderson, 2002). Pellow and Brantingham (2001) indicated that patients who received multiple manipulations improved more rapidly than patients in the placebo group. Therefore it is proposed that manipulation provokes changes in afferent input that may restore normal proprioceptive input (Slosberg, 1988). However, Pellow and Brantingham (2001) were not able to establish what effect multiple manipulations had, as opposed to a single manipulation, on the proprioception on the foot and ankle complex and how this may influence the clinical outcome of the patient’s treatment. Therefore, it was hypothesized that multiple manipulations of the foot and ankle complex would have a greater effect on chronic ankle instability syndrome than a single treatment in terms of overall improvement subjectively and objectively. In addition to this the following was also hypothesized: • That multiple manipulations of the foot and ankle complex would increase the ROM to a greater extent than single manipulations. • That multiple manipulations would decrease point tenderness more effectively than a single manipulation.

Dissertation submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, 2011. / Introduction: Motion palpation is a commonly utilised clinical assessment tool of joint fixations. Most research surrounding motion palpation discusses inter and/or intra-examiner reliability as a pre-treatment tool. However, only two studies have assessed the reliability of motion palpation as a post-treatment diagnostic tool, and both these studies demonstrated that motion palpation has the ability to identify end-feel improvement in a restricted segment which had been manipulated. Therefore the use of motion palpation as a post-manipulation tool within the spine showed a relatively high level of responsiveness/efficacy of motion palpation. However little research has yet to be conducted on the use of motion palpation as a post-manipulation tool on the extremities and therefore this study aims to provide a clearer insight into the use of motion palpation as a post-treatment assessment tool in an extremity in terms of clinical responsiveness/validity of motion palpation. Furthermore the relationship between motion palpation and other clinical measures/short term outcomes, such as pain, functionality, range of motion and proprioception has yet to be seen i.e. when motion palpation indicates a reduction in a fixation due to manipulation does this correlate to a decrease in pain and increase in functionality, range of motion and proprioception. Therefore the primary aim of this study was to determine the clinical responsiveness of motion palpation as a post-manipulation diagnostic tool within the joints of the ankle in symptomatic participants with Chronic Ankle Instability (CAI). Method: Forty participants with CAI (Grade I and II) were recruited. One Group received manipulation (n=21), the other Group received no treatment (n=19). Motion palpation was performed, and subjective/objective measures were taken in both Groups pre- and posttreatment. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 15.0. Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that when using motion palpation as a posttreatment assessment tool a high level of responsiveness was observed (a highly significant association between being manipulated and End-Feel Improvement (EFI) occurred (p<0.001)); it was highly sensitive (0.90); and was highly specific (0.95). Overall no statistically significant association was observed in either group between, motion palpation results (with respect to EFI or no EFI noted) and any of the short term outcomes (the five subjective/objective clinical measures). Within the manipulation group; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (p=0.944), Functional Ankle Disability Index (FADI) (p=0.490), Pressure Algometer v (p=0.634), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (p=0.512) and Weight Bearing Dorsiflexion (WBD) (p=0.966). In comparison, the control group; Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) (p=0.063), Functional Ankle Disability Index (FADI) (p=0.491), Pressure Algometer (p=0.828), Berg Balance Scale (BBS) (p=0.695) and Weight Bearing Dorsiflexion (WBD) (p=0.747). The most common fixations noted in this study, were mortise Long Axis Distraction (LAD), subtalar LAD and subtalar eversion. Conclusion: Therefore, motion palpation appears to be valid when used as a post-treatment tool in the foot and ankle; and overall, common fixations found in symptomatic participants with CAI in this study are similar to those found in previous studies.

Abstract Chronic wounds afflict millions worldwide, incurring significant health care costs and chronic suffering. Clinicians are often unsure about treatment, resulting in poor outcomes. Objective To determine the scope of knowledge possessed by fifth year medical students, general practitioners (GP’s) and surgical registrars, concerning chronic wound management. Design Cross sectional study Methods Deans of eight South African medical schools received letters requesting information regarding time devoted to wound-care training. Knowledge-based questionnaires were distributed to final-year students at two universities, surgical registrars at three universities and general practitioners attending refresher courses. Result. Four medical schools replied, of whom only two offered formal teaching. 162 medical students, 45 GP’s and 47 surgical registrars completed questionnaires. The overall median (25th–75th percentiles) knowledge scores for registrars, GP’s and students were 65%;(55%–70%), 55%;(45%–65%) and 45%;(35%–50%) respectively. Whereas the scores of registrars and GP’s did not differ, the student scores were significantly less. Only 32% of registrars and 18% of GP’s attained scores of 70% or more. 96% considered training to be inadequate. Interest in wound-care was only mild to moderate, with more GP’s than registrars requesting literature. Conclusions Very little, if any training on chronic wounds is offered in South Africa. The levels of knowledge cannot be considered adequate for successful treatment, nor for teaching to undergraduates. This preliminary study cannot reflect the attitudes and knowledge throughout the country; however it is clear that there is a need for improved education about these conditions that have huge clinical and economic consequences.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT) is an old technology which has acquired value in chronic wound care. HBOT is known to promote local and systemic healing effects by improving the oxygenation of the wound tissue. The increased tissue oxygenation hastens removal of the bacterial bioburden, which allows resolution of inflammation and facilitates matrix production, cell division, and ultimately wound closure. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequently isolated organism from Diabetic Foot Infections (DFI). Therefore, our lab chose to use the treatment paradigm of HBOT to initially look at the single species level as to how HBOT affects S. aureus. DFI are primarily polymicrobial, so the responses of bacterial communities to this therapy were also considered. Previous research focused solely on host response to HBOT, but our pilot testing indicates that HBOT also exhibits a bacterial response. Initial testing with S. aureus indicated that HBOT can create growth defects in bacteria in vitro. In preliminary experiments, our lab discovered that bacterial culture on solid medium is greatly altered under the pressure of hyperbaric oxygen. Normal robust growth and pigmentation are seen in S. aureus cultured in ambient conditions. However, when the same strain is cultured under HBOT conditions, there is a marked decrease in pigmentation and colony size. When other species were exposed to HBOT conditions, growth on solid media was significantly diminished. Interestingly, K. pneumoniae is able to grow normally under HBOT conditions. Normal air mixtures at the increased pressure do not have any discernable effect on bacterial growth, and the limiting effects of oxygen are not seen unless used at the increased pressure. In a broth macrodilution MIC assay, various antibiotics show an increase in susceptibility after exposure to HBOT. Lastly, biofilm formation is altered under HBOT conditions, further supporting a bacterial adjustment to HBOT and an altered mode of growth. In order to better understand the effects of a high pressure high oxygen environment on the bacterial bioburden, this study investigates the effects of HBOT on bacterial species comprising a chronic wound. Primary data has suggested that HBOT increases susceptibility of antibiotics, and can alter bacterial transcription to hinder growth of many organisms. We hypothesize that Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy affects diabetic foot infections by changing the healing process via transcriptional alteration of bacterial species in the wound. Furthermore, we hypothesize that HBOT alters the efficacy of some antibiotics as well as affecting the biofilm capacity of many bacterial species.

This study was undertaken with the aim to develop improved measures of health service utilisation (HSU) and direct medical costs following an index injury, utilising large scale datasets linked via anonymous patient identifiers. A cohort of anonymous injury patients resident in Swansea and attending an emergency department (ED) or admitted to hospital between 01/04/2005 and 31/03/2007 were identified and tracked as they progressed through various treatment stages following their index injury, incorporating ED attendances, inpatient stay and outpatient contacts. To determine the extent of the subsequent HSU and direct medical costs associated with the index injury a unique model was developed whereby the numbers, lengths and treatment costs of health service contacts observed amongst the cohort of injured individuals during the follow-up period were compared with the equivalent figures expected in the absence of an injury. On average each index injury was found to lead to an excess of 0.12 (95% Cl 0.11, 0.13) ED attendances, 0.07 (95% Cl 0.06, 0.08) inpatient admissions, 1.00 (95% Cl 0.78, 1.23) inpatient bed days and 0.55 (95% Cl 0.52, 0.58) outpatient contacts being estimated over the follow-up period. Moreover, every index injury resulted in mean excess ED, inpatient and outpatient treatment costs of £12.05 (95% Cl £11.05, £13.05), £492.43 (95% Cl £415.66, £569.21) and £73.30 (95% Cl £68.44, £78.17), respectively, equating to a combined figure of £577.79 (95% Cl £500.32, £655.26). Across the entire injured cohort this amounts to an overall excess direct medical cost total of £17.6 million being incurred, with the equivalent figure for the whole of Wales potentially being as high as £306.4 million. Together with signifying the magnitude of the HSU and direct medical costs resulting from injury, this study has introduced and implemented improved methods for estimating these outcome measures based on the use of anonymous patient record linkage.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:12:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 silva_rh_me_botfm.pdf: 1035047 bytes, checksum: 7d6063580b3eebf28e90334d7650ea1c (MD5) / Fundação para o Desenvolvimento Médico e Hospitalar (Famesp) / A presença de edema prejudica o fluxo sanguíneo, retardando o processo de cicatrização das feridas, visto interferir na oxigenação e nutrição dos tecidos em formação. Neste sentido, a oxigenação e a perfusão tissular são condições essenciais para ocorrer à cicatrização. Quando s perfusão é inadequada todo processo de cicatrização é prejudicado, visto que a deficiência de oxigênio impede a síntese do colágeno, diminui a proliferação e migração celular e reduz a resistência dos tecidos à infecção. Deste modo a drenagem linfática manual pode ser um recurso terapêutico de grande importância na contribuição do reparo tecidual. A drenagem linfática tem como objetivo drenar os líquidos excedentes que banham as células, diminuindo o edema e mantendo o equilíbrio hídrico dos espaços intersticiais, aumento da oxigenação, desintoxicação, aumento da ação antiinflamatória, fortalecimento do sistema imunológico e evacuação dos dejetos provenientes do metabolismo celular. O efeito da drenagem linfática manual é direcionar e aumentar o fluxo linfático promovendo, assim, uma remoção mais rápida de excesso de líquido intersticial, contribuindo dessa forma para a hemostase e regeneração tecidual. Sendo assim, a fisioterapia pode desempenhar um papel indispensável na melhoria da qualidade de vida desses pacientes. Avaliar os efeitos da drenagem linfática manual em pacientes portadores de feridas venosas crônicas em tratamento com bioativos. Fez parte deste estudo um quantitativo de 22 pacientes portadores de feridas crônicas de etiologia venosa. Redução da ferida em 73% dos pacientes do GII e em 34% do GII. Melhora do edema em 87% dos pacientes do GI e 66% do GII. Ganho da amplitude articular do tornozelo em 67% dos pacientes pertencentes ao GI. Melhora da pele perilesional em 67% dos pacientes do GI e em 33% do GII... / The presence of edema affect blood flow, slowing the healing process of wounds, as interfering with oxygenation and nutrition of tissues in training. In this sense, oxygenation and tissue perfusion are essential for healing to occur. When s perfusion is inadequate throughout the healing process is hampered, since the oxygen deficiency prevents the synthesis of collagen, reduces cell proliferation and migration and reduces the resistance of tissues to infection. Thus the manual lymphatic drainage can be a therapeutic resource of great importance in the contribution of tissue repair. Lymphatic drainage is intended to drain the excess fluid that bathes the cells, reducing edema and maintaining the water balance of the interstitial spaces, increase oxygenation, detoxification, increased anti-inflammatory action, strengthening the immune system and disposal of waste from cell metabolism . The effect of manual lymphatic drainage is to direct and increase lymphatic flow, thus facilitating a faster removal of excess interstitial fluid, thereby contributing to hemostasis and tissue regeneration. Thus, physical therapy can play a vital role in improving the quality of life of these patients. To evaluate the effects of manual lymphatic drainage in patients with chronic venous wounds treated with bioactive. It was part of a quantitative study of 22 patients with chronic wounds of venous etiology. Reduction of the wound in 73% of patients in GII and 34% of the GII. Improvement of edema in 87% of GI patients and 66% of GII. Gain range of motion of the ankle in 67% of patients in the IM. Improvement of perilesional skin in 67% of GI patients and in 33% of the GII ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T12:33:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Made available in DSpace on 2014-10-09T14:04:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 / Tese (Doutoramento) / IPEN/T / Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares - IPEN-CNEN/SP