Orientador: Luciana Asprino / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T02:22:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Pereira-Santos_Darklilson_D.pdf: 3662048 bytes, checksum: 2c99cca5d87f0528027776c536fc225e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: As fraturas de ângulo mandibular são comuns, apresentando alta prevalência entre as fraturas da face. Estudos epidemiológicos apresentam informações sobre o perfil dos pacientes vítimas de trauma de face, auxiliando em métodos de prevenção e aperfeiçoando condutas de tratamento. Este trabalho é um estudo retrospectivo, longitudinal e observacional, com o objetivo de avaliar a epidemiologia das fraturas de ângulo mandibular, etiologia, frequência e modalidade de tratamento empregado, assim como complicações, dos pacientes atendidos pela Área de Cirurgia Buco-Maxilo-Facial da Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba - FOP/Unicamp, no período compreendido entre abril de 1999 a dezembro de 2012. Foram incluídos 201 pacientes que sofreram 204 fraturas de ângulo mandibular, com maior prevalência no lado esquerdo (55,9%), cuja análise estatística descritiva demonstrou uma prevalência de indivíduos do gênero masculino (88,6%), cor branca (52,2%), com média de 27,95 anos ± 9,9 anos. A maioria apresentava algum tipo de vício (56,7%), a etiologia mais frequente foi agressão física (33%) e a má-oclusão foi o sinal com maior prevalência (72,6%). O sintoma mais frequente foi a dor (75,6%), e em 111 fraturas (54,4%) havia a presença de terceiros molares na linha de fratura. O tratamento cirúrgico foi empregado na maioria das fraturas (78%), sendo o acesso intraoral o mais frequentemente utilizado (60,0%). A técnica de fixação mais empregada foi a utilização de uma miniplaca do sistema 2,0mm (42,0%), havendo um baixo índice de complicações (9,5%), tendo sido a infecção a mais frequente. Concluiu-se que o grupo mais afetado foi constituído por adultos jovens do gênero masculino, vítimas de agressão física e que possuíam algum vício; a maioria dos pacientes foi submetida a tratamento cirúrgico, por acesso intraoral e utilização de uma única miniplaca, e houve baixa incidência de complicações. Estes dados epidemiológicos e das características do tratamento das fraturas de ângulo mandibular poderão auxiliar na instituição de campanhas preventivas, e de protocolos clínicos para o tratamento destas lesões, e também no direcionamento de futuras pesquisas. / Abstract: Mandibular angle fractures are common, with a high incidence among facial fractures. Epidemiological studies provide information on the profile of patients victims of facial trauma, assisting in methods of prevention and perfecting treatment procedures. This is a retrospective, longitudinal, and observational study, aiming to evaluate the epidemiology, etiology, frequency and type of treatment used, as well as complications, regarding mandibular angle fractures in patients treated at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry of Piracicaba - FOP/Unicamp, from April 1999 to December 2012. 201 patients with 204 mandibular angle fractures were included, showing higher incidence on the left side (55.9%), and a descriptive statistical analysis revealed the following prevalence: male subjects (88.6%), white subjects (52.2%), and mean age of 27.95 years ± 9.9 years. The majority had some kind of addiction (56.7%), the most common etiology was physical aggression (33%) and malocclusion was the sign with the highest incidence (72.6%), while the most frequent symptom was pain (75.6%) and 111 fractures (54.4%) had third molars in the line of fracture. Surgical treatment was employed in most fractures (78%), and intraoral access was the most frequent access used (60.0%). The fixation technique most often employed was the use of one 2.0 mm miniplate system (42.0%), with a low complication rate (9.5%) in the treatment of patients in this study. It was concluded that the most affected group consists of young adults male gender, victims of physical aggression and that most subjects underwent surgical treatment with few complications. Periodic assessments of the epidemiology and treatment characteristics of mandibular angle fractures generate data that assist in the establishment of prevention campaigns, clinical protocols for the treatment of these lesions, and also in directing future research. / Doutorado / Cirurgia e Traumatologia Buco-Maxilo-Faciais / Doutor em Clínica Odontológica

Orientador: Maria Helena Andrade Santana / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-20T11:59:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferre-Souza_Viviane_D.pdf: 26854945 bytes, checksum: 441886ad35f5447c17df51c40a2db348 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 / Resumo: O ácido hialurônico (AH) é um polissacarídeo natural composto de unidades dissacarídeas alternadas entre o N-acetil-D-glicosamina e o ácido D-glicurônico que desempenha um papel fundamental na manutenção da integridade tecidual, facilitando a adesão e diferenciação de células durante a inflamação, e o reparo de feridas com formação de vasos sanguíneos. A espécie vegetal Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verlot é encontrada em quase todo o Brasil e são atribuídos a ela propriedades terapêuticas para enfermidades da pele. Técnicas de micro e nanoencapsulação são empregadas através de processos químicos, físicos ou fisico-químicos visando o aumento das interações com tecidos, pelo aumento da área superficial. Neste trabalho, foi proposto o estudo de variáveis operacionais para a produção de micro e nanopartículas de AH através do método de emulsão a/o reticuladas com dihidrazida adípica (ADH), com encapsulação do extrato vegetal da Arrabidaea chica para avaliação da atividade angiogênica e cicatrizante. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a formação e propriedades físico-químicas das partículas de AH produzidas por emulsificação são diretamente relacionadas com a velocidade de agitação, ao pH e a razão do reticulante e do extrato bruto com o AH. Ensaios in vitro em fibroblastos humanos tanto com as partículas vazias como com o extrato da A. chica não apresentaram toxicidade celular, e ensaios in vivo realizados em CAM, tegumento do dorso de camundongos e dorso de ratos evidenciaram o efeito angiogênico das micro e nanopartículas formadas com indução da formação de novos vasos sanguíneos, imprescindível para o processo de cicatrização. Concluímos assim que a encapsulação beneficiou e potencializou a atividade cicatrizante do extrato bruto da A. chica contribuindo para o desenvolvimento de novas formulações para aplicações farmacêuticas e cosméticas / Abstract: The hyaluronic acid (HA) is a natural polysaccharide composed of alternating units dissacarídeas between the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine and Dglucuronic acid. HA plays a key role in the maintenance of tissue integrity, facilitating adhesion and cell differentiation during inflammation, wound repair, and with the formation of blood vessels. The vegetable species Arrabidaea chica (Humb. & Bonpl.) Verlot is found throughout Brazil and it is assigned therapeutic properties for skin diseases. The Micro and nanoencapsulation of active compounds tend to increase their efficiency of action for providing protection and greater interaction with tissues due to its high surface area. In this work we studied the influence of operational variables for the production of micro and nanoparticles of HA through of w / o emulsification and crosslinking with adipic dihydrazide (ADH). The Arrabidaea chica vegetable extract was encapsulated in HA micro and nanoparticles and the angiogenic activity and healing evaluated. The results showed that the formation and physicochemical properties of HA particles produced by emulsification are directly related to the stirring still, pH and both ratios ADH and crude extract with AH. In vitro assays in human fibroblast cells with empty or encapsulating the A. Chica extract showed no cellular toxicity. In vivo assays performed in CAM, mouse back tegument and mice demonstrated the angiogenic effect of micro and nanoparticles formed with induction of the formation of new blood vessels essential to the healing process.From these results we conclude that the encapsulation benefited and enhanced the healing activity of the crude extract of A. chica contributing to the development of new formulations for pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications / Doutorado / Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos / Doutora em Engenharia Quimica

The effects of repeated mild concussive head injury on professional rugby players were examined. Data were collected for rugby players (n=26) and cricket player controls (n=21) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising five modalities (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Fluency, Visuoperceptual Tracking and Hand Motor Dexterity) and a self-report Postconcussive Symptomology Questionnaire. Group statistical comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit were carried out for (i) rugby versus cricket; (ii) rugby forwards versus rugby backs; and (iii) rugby forwards versus cricket. Rugby players performed significantly poorer than controls on SA W AIS Digit Symbol Substitution subtest and on the Trail Making Test. On Digits Forward and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall, the results approached significance with the rugby players showing a tendency toward impairment on these tests. Rugby players exhibited impairment in areas of visuoperceptual tracking, speed of information processing and attention, and there are tendencies of impairment in verbal and/or visual memory. Results obtained on the self-report questionnaire strongly reinforced cognitive test results and a significant proportion of rugby players reported difficulties with sustained attention, memory and lowered frustration tolerance as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was consistently noted that players in the more full contact positions (rugby forwards) were most susceptible to impairment, confirming that these players, who are exposed to repeated mild head injuries, are at greater risk of exhibiting postconcussive sequelae.

Dissertation presented in partial compliance with the requirements for a Masters Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Technikon Natal, 1998. / Very few studies of medial tibial stress syndrome type II address the treatment of the condition. There is a need to find a method of hastening the recovery of the condition. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine whether application of ultrasound therapy to medial tibial stress syndrome type Il would influence the recovcrv of this condition. / M

Submitted in partial compliance with the requirements for the Master’s Degree in Technology: Chiropractic, Durban University of Technology, Durban, South Africa, 2017. / Background: Acute ankle sprains and chronic ankle instability syndrome (CAIS) may be managed effectively through conservative management approaches such as strapping. There are two main types of strapping viz. rigid tape which is used to stabilise the joint and limit joint motion and elastic tape which permits joint motion but provides dynamic support. Kinesio™ tape is becoming increasingly popular in the management of various conditions. It is reportedly beneficial in reducing pain, improving circulation, increasing proprioception and correcting muscle function. Due to claimed benefits of Kinesio™ tape, it should, in theory, be beneficial in the management of individuals with CAIS particularly in terms of reducing pain and improving proprioception. AIM: To investigate the effect of three types of strapping applied in the method described for the application of Kinesio™ tape in the management of CAIS. METHODS This study consisted of three groups of 15 participants (recruited through convenience sampling) with each group receiving a different tape (i.e. rigid, elastic or Kinesio™ tape), all three groups, however, received the same taping method which was the Kinesio™ tape functional correction application. After obtaining informed consent each participant underwent a case history, physical examination and a foot an ankle orthopaedic examination. Thereafter, baseline measurements of subjective pain rating (NRS-101), pain threshold (analogue algometer), ankle dorsiflexion, plantarflexion and inversion (analogue goniometer) and proprioception (Biodex Biosway portable balance system) were documented. Depending on the group, the particular tape was then applied and a follow up consultation was made for two to three days later where the tape was removed, measurements were reassessed and the tape was reapplied. At the final consultation three to four days later, the tape was removed and final measurements were assessed and documented. Statistical intra- (using Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test) and inter-group (using the Mann-Whitney U-test) analyses of the data were performed due to a skewed distribution of the variables. Data was analysed using SPSS version 21.0 with the level of significance set at 0.05. RESULTS The mean (± SD) age of the participants was 24.8 (4.7) and there were 23 male participants in total. Intra-group analyses of subjective outcome measurements showed significant increases (p < 0.05) in subjective pain rating in all three groups across all consultations. Similarly, intra-group analyses of objective outcome measurements found significant increases (p < 0.05) in pain threshold and dorsiflexion range of motion in all three groups across all consultations. Plantarflexion and inversion range of motion also showed significant increases (p < 0.05) but these were not consistent across all consultations. Intra-group analyses of the sway index showed no significant improvements (p > 0.05) in Groups Two and Three across the three consultations. Only Group One showed significant increases during the eyes open foam surface (EOFoS) (p = 0.013) and eyes closed foam surface (ECFoS) (p = 0.047) test conditions between Consultations One and Two. Inter-group analyses of subjective outcome measurements showed no significant increases (p > 0.05) in subjective pain rating across each of the three consults in all three groups. Inter-group analyses of objective outcome measurements revealed a significant increase in pain threshold (p = 0.040) between Groups Two and Three at Consultation One. There was a significant increase in plantarflexion between Groups One and Three at Consultation Two (p = 0.021) and Consultation Three (p = 0.030). There were no other significant results amongst the three groups. CONCLUSION The results suggest that pain rating, pain threshold and ankle dorsiflexion would improve if taping is applied in the manner described for Kinesio™ tape irrespective of the type of taping used in the management of CAIS. The taping method did not result in a significant difference in proprioception. Further studies, with larger sample sizes are required to confirm the findings of this study and to determine the role of taping in the management of CAIS. / M

M.Tech.

No description available.

Firearm fatalities in South Africa are responsible for a very large number of fatalities. For purposes of judicial administration, determination of manner of death, in particular, differentiating between homicidal, accidental and suicidal death, is one of the primary objectives in fatal shooting investigations. Determining the muzzle-target distance can assist in establishing the manner of death, since contact gunshot wounds are seldom seen in cases of homicidal or accidental death. It has been reported that muzzle-target distance can be confirmed by detection of blood back spatter on the inner and outer surfaces of the weapons. To determine whether this phenomenon was being used to assist the forensiometric analysis of fatalities, a study was undertaken whereby weapons used to inflict fatal contact gunshot wounds in victims presenting at the Pretoria MLL, were requested for biological analysis during the period June 2002 to June 2003. Of the 123 cases identified, only 30 firearms were delivered to the FSL for analysis. Blood was found on the inside of barrels in 70% of cases, and the outer surface in 40%. These figures do not correlate well with international studies. The very low retrieval rate of weapons for analysis precludes the use of an important forensiometric tool in medico-legal investigation of firearm related fatalities in Pretoria. The urgent need to develop adequate protocols with respect to police handling of weapons is hereby confirmed. / Dissertation (MSc(Medical Criminalistics))--University of Pretoria, 2006. / Forensic Medicine / unrestricted

Background: Literature has associated repeated eccentric muscle actions with increased muscle damage of the muscles involved. Eccentric actions are typical in sports which are ‘stop-start’ in nature requiring rapid acceleration and deceleration, typical of a batting activity in cricket. Ultra-structural damage of the skeletal muscle as a consequence of repeated decelerating activities is associated with performance decrements, particularly muscle strength and sprinting speeds. This suggests that eccentric strength decrements may provide an indication for the development of muscle strain injuries during these activities. Despite these findings, limited research has identified the specific musculoskeletal demands placed on cricket batsmen, particularly with reference to various match intensities. Objective: The present study, therefore, sought to determine the specific musculoskeletal, physiological and perceptual demands placed on specialised batsmen during two work bouts of different intensities; one representing a highintensity work bout and the other a moderate-intensity work bout. The dependent variables of interest were muscle activation, isokinetic strength changes, heart rate, ‘central’ and ‘local’ ratings of perceived exertion (RPE), body discomfort and performance. Methods: The two experimental conditions, representative of a high- (HVR) and moderate-volume running (MVR) batting protocol, required players to perform a simulated batting work bout of either twelve or six runs an over, within a laboratory setting. Selected physiological, perceptual and performance measures were collected at specific time intervals throughout the work bout while the biophysical measures were collected prior to, and following both protocols. Results: Of the variables measured, heart rate, ‘central’ and ‘local’ RPE values were observed to increase significantly (p<0.05) over time. This increase was greater as a consequence of the HVR in comparison to the MVR. No change in sprint times was documented during the MVR, in contrast, significant (p<0.05) increases over time were observed during the HVR, further highlighting the elevated demands associated with this condition. In addition, an ‘end spurt’ was observed particularly following the HVR condition, suggesting athletes were conserving themselves through the adoption of a pacing strategy. Reductions in biceps femoris and semitendinosus muscle activation levels were observed following the HVR. This was further supported by the significantly greater levels of semitendinosus activation following the MVR when compared to the HVR. Peak concentric and eccentric knee extensor (EXT) (-17.17% and -16.07% respectively) and eccentric flexor (FLEX) (- 17.49%) values decreased significantly (p<0.05) following the HVR at 60°.s-1. In addition, concentric and eccentric total work produced by the flexors and eccentric extensors resulted in significantly (p<0.05) lower values due to the HVR. Conclusion: The intermittent high-volume batting work bout elicited elevated mean heart rates, perceived ratings of cardiovascular and muscular effort and sprint times. Furthermore, hamstring activation levels and muscle strength, particularly concentric strength of the dominant lower limb were negatively affected by the HVR condition. These results suggest elevated demands were placed on the hamstring musculature as a consequence of the HVR condition, indicating a greater degree of musculoskeletal strain and increased injury risk associated with running between the wickets at this intensity, representative of an aggressive batting scenario.

The effects of repeated mild concussive head injury on professional rugby players were examined. Data were collected for rugby players (n=26) and cricket player controls (n=21) using a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising five modalities (Verbal Memory, Visual Memory, Verbal Fluency, Visuoperccptual Tracking and Hand Motor Dexterity) and a self-report Postconcussive Symptomology Questionnaire. Group statistical comparisons of the percentage of individuals with deficit were carried out for (i) rugby versus cricket; (ii) rugby forwards versus rugby backs; and (iii) rugby forwards versus cricket. Rugby players performed significantly poorer than controls on SA W AIS Digit Symbol Substitution subtest and on the Trail Making Test. On Digits Forward and Digit Symbol Incidental Recall, the results approached significance with the rugby players showing a tendency toward impairment on these tests. Rugby players exhibited impairment in areas of visuoperceptual tracking, speed of information processing and attention, and there are tendencies of impairment in verbal and/or visual memory. Results obtained on the self-report questionnaire strongly reinforced cognitive test results and a significant proportion of rugby players reported difficulties with sustained attention, memory and lowered frustration tolerance as well as symptoms of anxiety and depression. It was consistently noted that players in the more full contact positions (rugby forwards) were most susceptible to impairment, confirming that these players, who are exposed to repeated mild head injuries, are at greater risk of exhibiting postconcussive sequelae / KMBT_363 / Adobe Acrobat 9.54 Paper Capture Plug-in