Thesis (M.C.S.)--Regent College, 1987. / Bibliography: leaves [185]-192.

Überarb. Diss. Bern.

Thèse Ecole polytechnique fédérale, 2007. / Bibliogr.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2007 u.d.T.: Atmanagara, Jenny: Evaluation der Infrastrukturförderung in Regional-, Tourismus- und Verkehrspolitik der Schweiz--Bern.

The Royal Society of London, the English scientific society founded in 1660, was involved in a number of disputes in the seventeenth century concerning who was the first person to make an invention or discovery. These priority disputes had a significant effect on the careers of most of the prominent figures in the early Royal Society, including Newton, Boyle and Hooke. Inventions and discoveries were the foundation of the Royal Society?s reputation, and thus needed to be claimed and protected in priority disputes. The subjects of these disputes ranged from solutions to mathematical problems to high-profile experiments. Such disputes frequently pitted Fellows of the Royal Society against intellectuals from the Continent. They were occasions for polemics framed in nationalistic terms, despite the collaborative spirit with which the transnational Republic of Letters purported to operate. This thesis examines how the Royal Society?s priority disputes began, how they functioned once underway, and how they concluded. It focuses on disputes between the Royal Society and its continental rivals, seeking to determine the extent to which nationalism was a factor. It argues that Society members, who were always guided by multiple loyalties, valued their loyalties to themselves, to the Society and to the English nation more than their loyalty to the Republic of Letters. Other social factors that motivated the disputants are also explored, including honour, credibility, and the Society?s ideal of aversion to conflict. This thesis highlights patterns in the behaviour of the participants of seventeenth-century priority disputes. It draws on methodology used in the sociology of science to analyze these patterns, examining the social construction involved in invention and discovery. Case studies are used to illustrate how the participants in priority disputes redefined several entities in ways that suited their own claims to priority: the invention or discovery being disputed, the etiquette of the Republic of Letters, the distinction between invention and innovation, and priority itself. Particular attention is paid to the activities of Henry Oldenburg, Secretary of the Royal Society, who communicated on behalf of the Royal Society through his correspondence network and the journal he edited, the Philosophical Transactions. This thesis argues that the Royal Society valued Oldenburg in part for his role in instigating priority disputes with non-English intellectuals, a role to which he was well-suited on account of his many contacts in England and on the Continent, his rhetorical skills, and his experience as a diplomat. It also analyzes the roles of experts like John Wallis and Timothy Clarke in priority disputes, arguing that Oldenburg could call upon them to defend English priority. However, it is noted that these figures (especially Wallis) sometimes abandoned the façade of English unity in favour of causes that affected them more personally, including their own priority claims. Accordingly, they employed the same polemical style in domestic priority disputes that they did in international ones. This study concludes with the suggestion that the polemics of figures like Oldenburg, Clarke and Wallis were crucial to the program of the seventeenth-century Royal Society because conflict, the idea of aversion to conflict notwithstanding, was an acknowledged and valued part of early Royal Society culture.

Universiẗat, Diss., 2001--Bonn.

The problem of this research was to determine (a) perceptions of business teacher educators regarding the nature of integrated reading skill instruction in high school business courses, (b) the professional development background of business teacher educators for integrated reading skill instruction, and (c) the influence of selected variables on business teacher educators' perceptions of reading skill integration in high school business courses. The study population included 188 business teacher educators in 36 states. Data were gathered through the use of a survey instrument that was validated by a panel of experts and pilot tested. Conclusions state that business teacher educators perceive it is important to explicitly integrate reading skills in business courses. They reported the frequent integration of reading skills could improve the business and reading knowledge of learners. Study participants felt they were adequately prepared to instruct business education teacher candidates in methods of integrating reading skills in business courses. The study participants indicated they could use additional training to prepare business education teacher candidates to integrate reading skills in business courses. The same group indicated the most influential training to integrate reading skills occur during classroom practice, university coursework, and/or professional development conferences/workshops. Extensive participant characteristics were collected. The focus (research,teaching, or a combination of the two) of the participants' university and the duration of their teaching experience had a significant impact on their perception of the importance and outcome of integrating reading skills in business courses. It is recommended that business teacher educators be exposed to professional development opportunities focused on preparing business teacher educators in methods of integrating reading skills in business courses. Further research is recommended that determines if business teacher educators are actually preparing business teacher educators to integrate reading skills in business courses, the methods of preparation, and the impact on student reading and business skill achievement as a result of the integration of reading skills in business courses.

Le tournage de superfinition est très spécifique avec une profondeur de passe de l’ordre de 0.05mm et une avance de 0.05mm/tour et permet d’obtenir des surfaces dont la précision et la rugosité sont équivalents à ce que l’on pourrait obtenir par rectification. Cependant, ce procédé est fortement influencé par les caractéristiques dynamiques du système usinant. Le but de nos travaux est de comprendre comment les caractéristiques dynamiques du système Pièce / Outil / Machine (P.O.M.) influencent la qualité de surface obtenue en superfinition à l’outil coupant. Dans un premier temps, nous avons défini, en nous appuyant sur la méthode normalisée du Couple Outil Matière (C.O.M.), des conditions de coupe acceptables et stables. Ensuite, une analyse fréquentielle nous a permis d’identifier trois éléments du système P.O.M. comme sources de vibrations remarquables, à savoir la machine elle-même, la fréquence de rotation de la broche et l’outil utilisé. Puis, nous avons mis en place une démarche expérimentale lourde afin d’évaluer l’influence des sources identifiées sur des critères d’état de surface et sur les vibrations mesurées au niveau de l’outil coupant. Enfin nous avons abordé l’étude des corrélations existantes entre les vibrations et l’état de surface généré en tournage de superfinition / The superfinishing in turning is very specific, depth of cut about 0.05mm and feed in the order of 0.05mm/rev and allows to produce surfaces with precision and roughness equivalent to grinding process. However, this process is strongly influenced by the dynamic characteristics of the machining system. The aim of our work is to understand how dynamic characteristics of the Part/Tool/Machine (P.T.M.) system influence the surface quality obtained in superfinishing with cutting tool. Initially, we defined acceptable and stable cutting conditions by using the standardized method of the Couple tool-matterial. Then, a frequential analysis enabled us to identify three remarkable sources of vibrations in the P.T.M. system that are the machine tool, the spindle frequency and the tool. Then, we set up an experimental study in order to evaluate the influence of the identified sources of vibrations on surface quality and on the vibrations measured on the cutting tool. Finally we studied the correlations between the vibrations and the surface quality obtained by superfinishing turning

Un océan, deux îles, un peuple, une culture... Un isolât rude mais autosuffisant qui n'avait que peu de contacts avec les habitants des autres îles issus des mêmes ancêtres Austronésiens. Les Polynésiens de Wallis et Futuna se retrouvent brusquement confrontés à l'altérité religieuse, civilisatrice et guerrière des européens. Dans l'arsenal de ces nouveaux arrivants dans le Pacifique sud, outre le sabre et le goupillon, en plus du commerce et de l'administration républicaine, s'implantent une nouvelle éducation au travers de l'école et de nouvelles pratiques sportives. Sur une durée de moins de 150 ans, des pans entiers de la culture originelle ont été mis à mal ou ont irrémédiablement disparu. Toutefois cette acculturation rapide dans cet espace éloigné et difficile d'accès n'a pas été totale et des traces persistent. Des syncrétismes ont eu le temps de se mettre en place, les mémoires ne se sont pas complètement effacées et une reculturation est en marche. Entre histoire, géographie humaine et anthropologie sociale, ce travail fait état des altérations successives qui ont conduit à l'évolution des pratiques physiques. Par-delà nous tenterons de comprendre les mécanismes intimes de la transformation et de la renaissance possible d'une culture. / An ocean, two islands, one people, one culture ... A rough and secluded but self-sufficient place with very few contacts with other islands and similar peoples from the same ancestors. The Polynesians of Wallis and Futuna find themselves abruptly confronted to the religious, civilizing and warlike otherness of the Europeans. In the arsenal of these new arrivals in the South Pacific, in addition to swords and brushes, in addition to trade and republican administration, a new kind of education is implanted through schooling and new sporting practices. Over a period of less than 150 years, entire facets of the original culture were altered or simply disappeared. However, this rapid acculturation in this remote and difficult-to-access place has not been total and traces persist. Syncretisms have had time to develop, the memories have not been completely erased and a reculturation is ongoing. Between history, human geography and social anthropology, this work attempts to report the successive alterations that led to the evolution of physical activities. Beyond that, we will try to understand the intimate mechanisms of the transformation and of the possible rebirth of a culture.

Zugl.: Bern, Univ., Lizentiatsarbeit, 2003