[pt] Nesta dissertação é apresentada uma nova técnica para estabilização de encostas através da construção de um muro de gravidade usando pneus e solo. Esta técnica foi desenvolvida dentro de um trabalho de pesquisa realizado pela PUC-Rio, em colaboração com a Fundação Geo-Rio e a Universidade de Ottawa (Canadá). O trabalho consistiu na construção e análise de um muro experimental de solo- pneus localizado em Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. O muro possui 60m de comprimento e 4m de altura, sendo constituído por camadas horizontais de pneus preenchidos com solo residual compactado e amarrados entre si com corda ou arame. Atrás do muro de pneus foi executado um retro-aterro com 6m de altura, constituído do mesmo solo utilizado no muro de solo- pneus. O muro é composto por 4 seções com características diferentes quanto ao tipo de amarração, geometria e configuração dos pneus (cortados ou inteiros). Apresenta- se neste trabalho um estudo do comportamento tensão vs deformação do material solo-pneus das 4 seções do muro. Os valores previstos numericamente foram comparados aos resultados da instrumentação de campo, com o objetivo de obter os parâmetros de deformabilidade do material. Para a representação do comportamento tensão vs deformação do material solo-pneus, utilizou-se o modelo elástico linear. Foi considerada a existência de 7 camadas distintas do material solo-pneus, permitindo a variação do módulo E ao longo da altura do muro. O solo do retro-aterro foi representado pelo modelo elástico não linear (hiperbólico). Dentre as principais conclusões, pode-se ressaltar que o uso de pneus cortados facilita o processo construtivo e reduz a deformabilidade do muro. A amarração dos pneus com corda, apesar de menos eficiente que a amarração com arame, apresenta-se como a melhor alternativa quando se considera a relação custo vs benefício. A utilização de solo-pneus apresenta-se como uma alternativa que combina a eficiência mecânica do pneu e o baixo custo de execução quando comparada às técnicas convencionais de estabilização de encostas. / [en] Construction of a retaining wall using scrap tires and soil is presented in this thesis. The technique was developed as part of a research program at PUC-Rio in collaboration with University of Ottawa and Geo-Rio. The present work consisted of building and analyzing an experimental retaining wall which was constructed in Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro and made of scrap tires and soil. The wall is 60m long and 4 meters high, made of horizontal layers tire, tied with ropes or wires, filled with compacted residual soil. The backfill was 6 meters high using the same residual soil. The wall has four different cross sections which have distinct geometry, tire configurations (cut tires and entire tires) and tire connections.It is also presented a study on the stress strain behavior of the soil tire composite, which shapes the four different cross sections. The numerical results were compared with field measurements in order to obtain the deformation characteristics of backfill. The retaining wall material was considered to exhibit a linear elastic behavior. The construction procedure was numerically simulated in seven increments and allowing variation of modulus of deformation of the wall with the height of the wall. The stress strain behavior of the backfill was simulated with the use of the hiberbolic model.Among the major conclusions it worth mentioning that the use of cut tires facilitates the construction procedure consequently reducing the deformation of the wall. The use of rope to tie the tires, although less efficient than the use of wire, is a better alternative from the cost effectiveness point of view. The use of tires and soil is an attractive alternative to build retaining walls, which associates efficient mechanical performance with low cost, when compared to the conventional methods to stabilize slopes. / [es] En esta disertación se presenta una nueva técnica para estabilización de encostas a través de la construcción de un muro de gravedad usando neumáticos y suelo. Esta técnica fue desarrollada dentro de un trabajo de investigación realizado por la PUC Rio, en colaboración con la Fundación Geo Rio y la Universidad de Ottawa (Canadá). El trabajo consistió en la construcción y análisis de un muro experimental de suelo y neumáticos localizado en Jacarepaguá, Rio de Janeiro. EL muro posee 60m de largo y 4m de altura, y esta compuesto por camadas horizontales de neumáticos llenos de suelo residual compactado y amarrados entre sí con cuerdas o alambre. Detrás del muro de neumáticos se ejecutó un retro aterro con 6m de altura, con el mismo suelo utilizado en el muro de suelo neumático. El muro está compuesto por 4 secciones con características diferentes respecto al tipo de amarre, geometría y configuración de los neumáticos (cortados o enteros). Se presenta en este trabajo un estudio del comportamiento tensión vs deformación del material suelo neumático de las 4 secciones del muro. Los valores previstos numéricamente fueron comparados con los resultados de la instrumentación de campo, con el objetivo de obtener los parámetros de deformabilidad del material. Para la representación del comportamiento tensión vs deformación del material suelo neumáticos, se utilizó el modelo elástico lineal. Fue considerada la existencia de 7 camadas distintas del material suelo neumáticos, permitindo la variación del módulo Y a lo largo de la altura del muro. El suelo del retro aterro fue representado por el modelo elástico no lineal (hiperbólico). Entre las principales conclusiones, cabe resaltar que el uso de neumáticos cortados facilita el proceso constructivo y reduce la deformabilidad del muro. El amarre de los neumáticos con cuerdas, a pesar de menos eficiente que el amarre con alambre, resulta ser la mejor alternativa cuando se considera la relación costo vs beneficio. La utilización de suelo neumático se presenta como una alternativa que combina la eficiencia mecánica del neumático y el bajo costo de ejecución cuando se compara a las técnicas convencionales de estabilización de encostas.

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The teaching of the user through the clear understanding of the building they encounter on a daily basis is the intent of this thesis. Can a user learn how a brick wall is constructed, by looking and interacting with the brick wall they sleep within at night? Is it easier for one to understand his/her built environment if the construction is done in a manner that makes the means transparent, versus hidden tricks within the materials. Through the study of honest and truthful use of materials and construction methods, this project explores if a building can teach. / Master of Architecture

The effect of door and window openings on long timber framed shear walls was the subject of this thesis. Four different wall configurations containing various openings and one control wall with no openings were tested to examine ultimate load capacity and stiffness. All walls were forty feet in length and contained tie-down anchorage at the extreme ends of the wall only. Two replications of the five wall configurations were built. Each of the five wall configurations was tested using a: 1) monotonic displacement pattern and 2) sequential phased displacement pattern. A better understanding of the effect of monotonic and cyclic loading (and the relationship between the two loading types) on ultimate load capacity and stiffness for a given wall configuration were examined. To efficiently design shear walls, the effect of openings on shear wall performance must be known. This thesis adds to previous work on shear walls with openings to provide valuable information for future use. Results from this investigation are intended to provide useful information regarding performance of long shear walls with openings. Data concerning capacity, drift, elastic stiffness, and ductility are presented. Two methods of capacity prediction of shear walls with openings are examined. Sugiyama (1994) provided an empirical equation for prediction of load resistance that has been applied to capacity and is the basis for the perforated shear wall method. This thesis further validates his work to full scale long shear walls. A new method for capacity prediction was developed by the author and is also presented. / Master of Science

Our built environment is frequently in opposition with nature, therefore how man reacts with his surroundings can also shape them. The residential project began with the horizontal lines of the rock formations located throughout the site, and through utilization of the characteristics of the five elements of Feng Shui, innumerous decisions were made concerning orientation, material, and sense of place; allowing one to experience a sense of change yet maintaining a balance between the inside and out. The four primary walls become the vertical elements set in opposition to the horizontal lines of the site. / Master of Architecture

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2009. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 62-64). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2010. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 58-60). Also available on the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2007. / Printout. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 35-36). Also available on the World Wide Web.