Thesis (M.A. in History)--University of California, Berkeley, Aug. 1925. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves i-viii).

Thesis (M.S. in chemical engineering)--Washington State University, August 2005. / Includes bibliographical references.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 2006. / Printout. Includes folded map. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-110). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Thesis (M.S.)--Montana State University--Bozeman, 2004. / Typescript. Chairperson, Graduate Committee: Richard J. Aspinall. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 129-146).

Thesis (M.A. in anthropology)--Washington State University, May 2010. / Title from PDF title page (viewed on May 6, 2010). "Department of Anthropology." Includes bibliographical references (p. 98-110).

Typescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 109-114). Also available online in Scholars' Bank; and in ProQuest, free to University of Oregon users.

Thesis (M.S.)--Oregon State University, 1987. / Typescript (photocopy). Includes bibliographical references (leaves 27-29). Also available via the World Wide Web.

Abstract Washing during kraft pulping can be divided into two separate areas each with its own distinct features: namely brownstock washing and washing in bleaching. Research interest has so far concentrated mostly on investigating brownstock washing and factors affecting its efficiency. Pulp washing in bleaching, however, has been practically neglected. The basic phenomena are the same as in brownstock washing, but there are differences which have not been taken into consideration to a sufficient extent. This less explored area is the focus of this research. In this thesis, it is shown that brownstock washing and pulp washing between bleaching stages are distinct areas with their own specific features. They differ for example in terms of the composition and molecular size of the impurities in the pulp suspension. Various process conditions, pH, temperature and so on cause further differences between washing in bleaching and brownstock washing. The removal of specific compounds can be clearly affected by the appropriate selection of wash liquor. It is shown that the dynamic behaviour during washing is different for different compounds and depends on the properties of the wash water. The key element is to find the most harmful compounds in specific positions in bleaching and on the basis of that finding, to determine the most suitable wash liquor system. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) is a widely used method for evaluating the washing result, but as a collective measurement variable it does not describe the actual compounds that cause the "loss" of bleaching chemicals. Studies have shown that many compounds contribute to COD load but ultimately most of them have no real effect on the bleaching result. A suggestion for more precise definition of wash loss is offered than COD.

A mixing budget for the Strait of Georgia was prepared summarizing mixing processes and effects upon the physical oceanography of the strait. A mixing budget was defined as an itemized estimate of mixing mechanisms and the total state of mixing in the strait. Mixing effects in the Strait of Georgia were estimated from hydrographic data and from monthly summaries of meteorological data for four months: February, May, August and November of 1968. Mixing was estimated qualitatively by depth-averaging temperature, salinity, density and oxygen concentrations for four representative layers, each 25 metres thick and by producing contour plots for each variable for the layers (two upper layers, an intermediate layer and a deep layer). Quantitative estimates of mixing were made by computing the potential energy density and the energy density needed for total mixing for the representative layers plus the potential energy density of total stratification (a fresh water layer over a layer with oceanic salinity). Changes in potential energy were due to mixing plus advection. Estimates of the energy available for mixing were made for the different mixing mechanisms acting upon the strait: wind mixing, buoyancy flux (convection) mixing, tidal mixing, mixing by internal waves and entrainment mixing. The Strait of Georgia has three different domains which are influenced by different mixing mechanisms: the southern passages, the upper layers of the northern strait and the deep waters. The southern passages (including the San Juan Archipelago and Haro and Rosario Straits) are the site of intensive tidal mixing which keeps the entire water column well mixed} convection and wind mixing are also important during the winter. The upper layers of the northern strait (north of Boundary Pas sage) are well mixed by the wind in the winter and by the wind and convection in the autumn. The uppermost brackish layer is highly stratified in the spring and summer from the effects of surface heating and fresh water runoff; intermediate layers are mixed by entrainment upwelling. The deep waters of the strait are influenced chiefly by advection processes: estuarine flow and seasonal intrusions of new water masses. In the winter, cold low-salinity water intrudes and displaces the warm water left from the previous summer while in the summer, warm saline water replaces the cold winter water. / Science, Faculty of / Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, Department of / Graduate

Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of mortality of children under 5 years of age. Despite this, diarrheal disease is easily preventable through adequate water, sanitation and hygiene. Sanitation access is currently classified as “improved” or “unimproved” based on level of latrine access. This does not account for differences in human behaviors, or differences in exposure risk. A sanitation score was built using behavioral and access data in order to better classify the sanitation environment of a household. Due to low levels of sanitation access and practice of open defecation in Ghana, households in four neighborhoods in Accra, Ghana were selected to participate in the data collection. Data was collected through a survey, environmental sanitary inspections and collection of hand rinse and environmental swab samples. These samples were then tested for fecal indicators, by measuring presence and concentration of E. coli and human Adenovirus. A novel sanitation score based on latrine access and use for each household was created. Hierarchical linear and logistic regression was used to compare the sanitation score to the environmental contamination as indicated by the E. coli and Adenovirus. Higher sanitation scores were significantly associated with increases in Adenovirus concentration (PR=1.6, 95%CI=1.1, 2.2). The sanitation score was not significantly associated with E. coli or presence of Adenovirus. Further development of a sanitation score variable could help to better understand sanitation environments.