Scale 1 in = 5000 ft. Prepared by the Upper East Tennessee Section, local planning assistance office in January 1985 and approved by the county commission of Washington County on February 4, 1985. County roadmap with cemetery locations (marked and unmarked) throughout the county. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1174/thumbnail.jpg

Includes advertisements for 26 local businesses and an insert image of East Tennessee State College. Copyright by Western States Publishing Co. Undated, but ca. 1960s. Scale 1 in = 1.5 miles. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1176/thumbnail.jpg

Undated road map indicating the various types of roads and their status as paved or unpaved. Scale 1 inch = 4000 feet. / https://dc.etsu.edu/rare-maps/1194/thumbnail.jpg

Local food networks are often defined as presenting a variety of alternative food production, consumption, and distribution practices to the conventional food system such as community-supported-agriculture, farmers markets, and community gardens. Local food initiatives are commonly proposed as a model for the future of sustainable agriculture, and in the region of Portland, Oregon the abundance of such alternative venues results from the area's natural surroundings and smart planning. The region is host to 39 farmers markets and Portland is often hailed as one of the country's most sustainable cities. This study examines the role of local food networks in preserving agricultural land uses and livelihoods in Washington County, Oregon, a rapidly growing county adjacent to the city of Portland. I focus on small-scale agricultural landscapes where the producer sells at farmers markets or through community supported agriculture (CSAs). I explore farmers' concerns about urbanization and farmland preservation, their relationship to urban markets, motives to become a farmer, engagement with the surrounding environment, and their difficulties participating in local food networks. In addition, I explore farmers market managers' insights into the development of local food networks and how they see their markets supporting small-scale farmers. In a survey of consumers I examine consumer motives to `buy local' and consumer concerns about farmland preservation. The research is qualitative and explores: 1) the processes shaping the development of local food networks; 2) how particular ideas and images of nature and the countryside inform both consumer desires to purchase from farmers selling locally and; 3) how those same images of nature and the countryside inform and motivate people to become farmers participating in local food networks. In so doing, I argue that the networks that sustain urban and rural systems are important in understanding the development of local food networks, and that the preservation of economically and culturally important agricultural lands in Washington County depends on a diversity of opinions and rural narratives in order to preserve small-scale sustainable farmlands close-in to cities. The conclusion is that local food sold through alternative venues can be used as a means to preserve and develop specific and manageable farm sites and agricultural land uses but the impact is limited. Large scale impacts on agricultural land uses and livelihoods will depend on planners and advocates agreeing on policies that encompass a diversity of opinions, land uses, and land managers, while understanding the array of networks beyond the city that sustain both urban and rural systems.

The objectives of this study were to, (1) review the opinions of contemporary American educators regarding activity programs in our secondary schools; (2) investigate the activity programs currently provided in the junior and senior high schools in Washington County, Oregon; and (3) offer some suggestions based upon this information. The literature in this field, although somewhat limited, except for periodicals, acquainted the reader with the general area and provided a basis for the review and study of the present practices in Washington County. The data concerning the practices in the schools studied was obtained through a questionnaire which was personally distributed and collected. The results were tabulated on 22 tables from which a narrative synopsis of pertinent information was drawn. For example. at the junior high level, five schools engage in interscholastic sports; all eight schools have assemblies; three schools maintain a homeroom activity; all eight schools offer vocal music; and the two largest schools have more special interest clubs than any of the others. At the senior high level, all schools engage in interscholastic athletic competition; three schools have intramural sports; two schools do not have a marching band; and six schools publish more than a yearbook and newspaper. As a result of the review of what is currently done in the secondary schools of Washington County, and viewed in the perspective gained by the study of the Literature in this field, ten suggestions that might improve the current programs in some schools are provided for the decision-making personnel of the school districts and schools of the County. The highlights of these suggestions are: 1. That each school establish criteria by which it annually evaluates its activity program. 2. That workshops be established to discuss student needs. 3. That a census of both student participation and teacher skills be taken. 4. That junior and senior high schools work closely to allow beginning skills and interests to be carried over in the advanced grades. s. That school districts investigate programs in other geographical areas and make activity information available to those interested. 6. That schools provide a wide range of activities that may offer carry-over recreational possibilities for adult life.

1. Seventy-five samples of soils were taken in Washington County, Virginia. These samples were taken while the soil survey was in progress. In this group thirty-one different soil types were included. The samples were taken from all parts of the county. Notes were made of the soil type, slope of the land, drainage conditions, erosion, and land utilization. When samples were taken from cultivated fields, the yield of the crop was estimated. When samples were taken from pasture, notes were made of the type and condition of the vegetation. 2. The following properties were determined and studied in relation to soil type and plant growth: pH, available phosphate, available potash, percent organic matter, percent colloids, base exchange capacity, exchangeable hydrogen and present base saturation. The results of these determinations were used in conjunction with the physical properties, which had been determined by the soil survey, in studying the various relationships. 3. The laboratory methods of determination were devised by soil investigators. The reliability of these methods was discussed by means of reference to literature. 4. Soils of the same textural class varied widely in percentage colloids. 5. Soils that are relatively high in available potash varied widely in base exchange capacity, pH, percent base saturation, and available phosphate. 6. Soils at like pH values showed no relationship of percent organic matter to percent base saturation. 7. Soils above pH 6.0 contained 125 pounds per acre or more available potash; they were above 65 percent base saturation and were widely variable in available phosphate and organic matter. Soils at similar pH values showed wide variations in available phosphate. 8. Within the same textural class, and under similar conditions of land utilization, soils varied widely in percent organic matter. 9. There was some variation in pH values of residual soils of limestone origin. However, the average values of five samples of each were very close together. The average for Dunmore was 5.4, Hagerstown 5.5, and Clarkesville 5.6. 10. Available phosphate and potash, as well as pH, were closely related to yield of corn and tobacco. 11. Available phosphate and closely related to quality of meadow. In soils where available phosphate was above 50 pounds per acre quality of meadow was good. Potash was present in sufficient quantity not to be a limiting factor. 12. A close relationship was found between some of the soil properties studied. The coefficient of correlation between base exchange capacity and percent organic matter was .7191 ± .0376; between pH and exchangeable hydrogen -.6500 ± .0450; between pH and percent base saturation .9008 ± .0147. This high degree of correlation of pH and percent base saturation, it appears, would hold only for a large number of soils. Within this group, soils at like pH values vary considerably in percent base saturation. There was little relationship between percent colloids and base exchange capacity. 13. In all cases, in pasture soils, where available phosphate was below nine pounds per acre, pastures were of poor quality. There was a gradual decline in the minimum range of available phosphate and potash in the soils from the good, medium and poor quality pastures. There is also a gradual decline in the average pH values as quality of pasture declines. 14. Evidence is shown that, within a soil type, the properties of the soil, under varying conditions of soil management vary widely. The soil type name gives no indication of the fertility of the soil at the present time. However, associated with the type name are certain physical properties which determine, largely, the possibilities or limitations of that soil type, or the degree of productivity that the type may be built up to under ideal conditions of soil management. / Master of Science

Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1962. / Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Includes tables. Sponsor: Norton L. Beach. Dissertation Committee: Phil C. Lange. Includes bibliographical references (leaf 158).

An increasing national focus on problems related to urban sprawl has fueled debate on the best way for urban areas to accommodate increasing populations. Portland, Oregon has attracted international attention for its growth policies, which are among the most stringent in the United States. Metro, the area's regional government in charge of long-range planning, has designated certain locations as regional centers where increased density and development are to occur. A logical question is whether or not these centers are developing as intended; do Metro's plans match reality on the ground? This study of Washington County, Oregon analyzes land value, building volume, road intersection density, and public transportation availability using ArcGIS to locate potential regional centers in the county to answer that question. Subjective criteria are used during field visits to these locations to determine whether potential centers identified in the ArcGIS analysis are truly regional centers. Change over time is analyzed from 2000 to 2010 to see if the variables mentioned above contribute to regional center development. This study's results show Metro's designated regional centers are, in fact, regional centers or emerging regional centers using the above criteria, meaning this aspect of Metro's plans do match reality on the ground. Commercial land value tends to be the strongest indicator of regional centeredness. This study's findings aid in the understanding of urban areas. They help urban planners in their efforts to create viable plans that accommodate population growth and future development.

Sketches of Washington County, Virginia, including an account of the Preston family. / Also available in digital form on the Internet Archive Web site.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Maryland, 1991. / eContent provider-neutral record in process. Description based on print version record. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 273-285).