Jui Wen-chun. / Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong. / Bibliography: leaves 64-67.

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1960 Z57

No description available.

published_or_final_version / Civil Engineering / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

published_or_final_version / abstract / Geography / Master / Master of Philosophy

Call number: LD2668 .T4 1986 M375 / Master of Science / Chemistry

A subsurface flow constructed wetland was built at the Wastewater Treatment Plant in Muncie, Indiana, in May, 1995. In May, 1996, this wetland was divided into two equal cells and planted with Scirpus validus vahl (softstem bulrush). Samples were collected from July 30, 1996, through October 22, 1996. This study had two objectives. The first was to determine if harvesting the aboveground biomass of the Scirpus would affect the wetland's ability to remove nitrogen from the wastewater. The second objective of this study was to determine if harvesting the bulrush twice during a growing season would substantially increase the annual biomass production. Water was collected from four locations in each cell and analyzed for organic nitrogen, ammonical nitrogen, nitrate, and total nitrogen. The concentration of each nitrogen parameter was significantly reduced between the inlet and well 1 in each cell of the wetland. There were no significant reductions in nitrogen concentration in subsequent sampling locations. There were also no significant differences between the two wetland cells. / Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management

Blue Lake, Jefferson County, Oregon, has high summer surface phosphorus concentrations (ca. 30 ug/l) yet is oligotrophic (summer Secchi depth is 11 to 16 meters). Nutrient enrichment experiments done with 1000 1 polyethylene enclosures indicate nitrate limitation of phytoplankton growth. Basin morphology may be an important factor in nutrient cycling in this lake. The lake has a maximum depth of 95.7 meters with an average depth of 42.7 meters. The lake basin has steep sides with only 4% of the lake bottom less than 3.3 meters deep. of recent volcanic origin. In contrast, Suttle Lake, which is immediately downstream from Blue Lake, is moderately eutrophic (Secchi depth 1.7 meters) and supports much larger populations of phytoplankton, including nitrogen fixing cyanophytes. Suttle Lake is shallower and more subject to wind mixing.

The composition of a community and the environmental conditions in which they exist fundamentally influence productivity and responses of systems to change. In the Northern Gulf of Mexico (NGoM), the relationships between nutrients, salinity, and phytoplankton populations are complex and have been changing over time. This work focuses on describing and analyzing: 1) a case study of diversity and recommendations for change within an academic institution; 2) spatial and temporal trends in surface dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) and phosphorus (DIP) in the NGoM over 35 years; 3) nutrient addition experiments (NAEs) to determine prevailing NGoM surface slope region nutrient limitation; and 4) NGoM surface continental slope phytoplankton community composition and dynamics. Over time, academic institutions have not made progress toward increasing diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) in the geosciences. The first chapter of this work serves as a roadmap for other institutions to make progress toward ingraining DEI frameworks into the foundations of our institutional systems. Toward explaining trends in nutrients from 1985 to 2019, I compiled the largest data set of NGoM surface dissolved nutrient concentrations to date and analyzed it to delineate spatiotemporal trends and identify potential drivers of nutrient change. DIP concentrations in both the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River system (MAR) and in the NGoM increased over time, but the increase of NGoM DIP exceeded the DIP loads coming from only the MAR, suggesting additional sources of P to the NGoM. To determine nutrient controls on surface slope NGoM phytoplankton growth and populations, we calculated growth rates and pigment composition using redundancy analyses and a variety of nutrient limitation criteria for each nutrient amendment over 48 hours. Nutrient limitation criteria concluded predominant NP limitation in the NGoM, though single N and P limitation and nutrient replete conditions were also present. In individual NAEs with N and NP amendments, phytoplankton pigment changes were driven by the growth of diatoms and Synechococcus (Syn). Though release from nutrient limitation stimulated responses in some phytoplankton groups, nutrient limitation of phytoplankton growth could not fully be predicted by the criteria and response thresholds evaluated in this study. Additionally, an analysis of environmental variables and phytoplankton pigments was conducted for the surface slope region of the NGoM to determine how phytoplankton community composition varies spatially with the influence of the MAR plume using group-specific chlorophyll a (Chl-a) calculations, bivariate linear regression, multivariate redundancy analysis, and cluster analysis. The largest proportion of Chl-a occurred in the nano/microphytoplankton group, followed by Syn, with both peaking at the high and low ends of the salinity gradient. Redundancy and cluster analyses showed that nutrients and salinity alone cannot predict or subdivide phytoplankton community composition; however, with the addition of pigments, we can characterize specific regions based on shared environmental variables (i.e., low salinity, high biomass) and pigment abundance. In sum, this work produced a straightforward and reproducible guide to leading a DEI task force, the largest NGoM surface nutrient data set to date, and characterizations of NGoM continental slope nutrient limitation and pigment composition and their relation to environmental variables.

The Calapooia River, a major tributary of the Willamette River in western Oregon, is a watershed typical of many found in the Willamette Basin. Public and private forested lands occur in the steep Upper Zone of the watershed, mixed forest and agriculture lands are found in the Middle Zone, and the Lower Zone of the watershed is comprised primarily of grass seed agriculture on relatively flat topography with poorly drained soils. High levels of dissolved nitrogen (DN) have been identified as a water-quality concern within the Calapooia River. To gain a better understanding of the relationship between landuse/landcover (LULC), soil drainage, and DN dynamics within the watershed on a seasonal basis, we selected 44 sub-basins ranging in size between 3 and 33 km² for monthly synoptic surface water-quality sampling from October 2003 through September 2004. We selected an additional 31 sample locations along the length of the Calapooia River to determine relative influence of the 44 sub-basins on DN concentrations in the river. T-tests were used to analyze differences between zones (Upper, Middle and Lower) and regression analysis was used to determine relationships between DN and LULC or soil drainage class. The agriculture-dominated sub-basins had significantly higher (< 0.05) DN concentrations than the predominantly forested sub-basins. Winter concentrations of nitrate-N were 43 times higher in agriculturally dominated sub-basins than in forested sub-basins, whereas in the spring, the difference was only 7-fold. High DN concentrations associated with the predominantly agriculture sub-basins were substantially reduced once they mixed with water in the Calapooia River, highlighting the likelihood that water draining the relatively nutrient-poor, forested sub-basins from the Upper Zone of the watershed, was diluting DN-rich water from the agriculture sub-basins. Relationships between DN and agriculture, woody vegetation or poorly drained soils were moderate to strong (0.50 < R² > 0.85) during the winter, spring and summer seasons. Results indicated an exponential increase in DN concentration when proportion agriculture or poorly drained soils increased, whereas an increase in woody vegetation was related to an exponential decrease in DN concentration. The high variability in DN concentration in the agriculture-dominated sub-basins suggests factors in addition to LULC and poorly drained soils influence DN in surface water. Seasonal relationships were developed between DN and proportion of poorly drained soils, agriculture, and woody vegetation at differing scales (10 m, 20 m, 30 m, 60 m, 90 m, 150 m, 300 m, and entire sub-basin), which we defined as Influence Zones (IZs), surrounding the stream network. Correlations between DN and proportion LULC or poorly drained soil at each IZ were analyzed for significant differences (p-value < 0.05) using the Hotelling-Williams test. Our results show strong seasonal correlations (r > 0.80) between DN and proportion of woody vegetation or agriculture, and moderate-to-strong seasonal correlations (r > 0.60) between DN and proportion of sub-basins with poorly drained soils. Altering scale of analysis significantly changed correlations between LULC and DN, with IZs < 150 m generally having higher correlations than the sub-basin level. In contrast, DN correlations with poorly drained soil were generally higher at the sub-basin scale than the 60- through 10-m IZs during winter and spring. These results indicate that scale of analysis is an important factor when determining relationships between DN concentration and proportion LULC or poorly drained soils. Furthermore, seasonal shifts in significant differences among IZs for correlations between LULC and DN suggest land management proximity and its influence on DN concentration changes temporally. DN relationships with poorly drained soil suggest that during winter and spring, when rainfall is highest, sub-basin scale soil drainage properties have a greater influence on DN than soil properties within IZs in close proximity to the stream network. / Graduation date: 2006